Mechanistic Explanations In Physics And Beyond

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Mechanistic Explanations In Physics And Beyond

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Author : Brigitte Falkenburg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-08-28

Mechanistic Explanations In Physics And Beyond written by Brigitte Falkenburg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-28 with Mathematics categories.

This volume offers a broad, philosophical discussion on mechanical explanations. Coverage ranges from historical approaches and general questions to physics and higher-level sciences . The contributors also consider the topics of complexity, emergence, and reduction. Mechanistic explanations detail how certain properties of a whole stem from the causal activities of its parts. This kind of explanation is in particular employed in explanatory models of the behavior of complex systems. Often used in biology and neuroscience, mechanistic explanation models have been often overlooked in the philosophy of physics. The authors correct this surprising neglect. They trace these models back to their origins in physics. The papers present a comprehensive historical, methodological, and problem-oriented investigation. The contributors also investigate the conditions for using models of mechanistic explanations in physics. The last papers make the bridge from physics to economics, the theory of complex systems and computer science . This book will appeal to graduate students and researchers with an interest in the philosophy of science, scientific explanation, complex systems, models of explanation in physics higher level sciences, and causal mechanisms in science.

New Mechanism

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Author : João L. Cordovil
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-01-13

New Mechanism written by João L. Cordovil and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-13 with Philosophy categories.

This open access book addresses the epistemological and ontological significance as well as the scope of new mechanism. In particular, this book addresses the issues of what is "new" about new mechanism, the epistemological and ontological reasons underlying the adoption of mechanistic instead of other modelling strategies as well as the possibility of mechanistic explanation to accommodate a non-trivial notion of emergence. Arguably, new mechanism has been particularly successful in making sense of scientific practice in the molecular life sciences. But what about other sciences? This book enlarges the context of analysis, addressing the issue of the putative compatibility between the current ways of conceiving new mechanism and actual scientific practices in quantum physics, chemistry, biochemistry, developmental biology and the cognitive sciences.

Explanation Beyond Causation

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Author : Alexander Reutlinger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018

Explanation Beyond Causation written by Alexander Reutlinger and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.

What forms does explanation take if it is not based on causation? Fifteen leading philosophers explore this hot topic, arising from a shift in philosophical understanding of the nature of explanation which reflects actual explanatory practices in science, mathematics, and philosophy.

Mechanism

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Author : Domenico Bertoloni Meli
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2019-04-02

Mechanism written by Domenico Bertoloni Meli and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Science categories.

The mechanical philosophy first emerged as a leading player on the intellectual scene in the early modern period—seeking to explain all natural phenomena through the physics of matter and motion—and the term mechanism was coined. Over time, natural phenomena came to be understood through machine analogies and explanations and the very word mechanism, a suggestive and ambiguous expression, took on a host of different meanings. Emphasizing the important role of key ancient and early modern protagonists, from Galen to Robert Boyle, this book offers a historical investigation of the term mechanism from the late Renaissance to the end of the seventeenth century, at a time when it was used rather frequently in complex debates about the nature of the notion of the soul. In this rich and detailed study, Domenico Bertoloni Meli focuses on strategies for discussing the notion of mechanism in historically sensitive ways; the relation between mechanism, visual representation, and anatomy; the usage and meaning of the term in early modern times; and Marcello Malpighi and the problems of fecundation and generation, among the most challenging topics to investigate from a mechanistic standpoint.

Beyond Mechanism

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Author : Brian G. Henning
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2013-02-01

Beyond Mechanism written by Brian G. Henning and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Philosophy categories.

It has been said that new discoveries and developments in the human, social, and natural sciences hang “in the air” (Bowler, 1983; 2008) prior to their consummation. While neo-Darwinist biology has been powerfully served by its mechanistic metaphysic and a reductionist methodology in which living organisms are considered machines, many of the chapters in this volume place this paradigm into question. Pairing scientists and philosophers together, this volume explores what might be termed “the New Frontiers” of biology, namely contemporary areas of research that appear to call an updating, a supplementation, or a relaxation of some of the main tenets of the Modern Synthesis. Such areas of investigation include: Emergence Theory, Systems Biology, Biosemiotics, Homeostasis, Symbiogenesis, Niche Construction, the Theory of Organic Selection (also known as “the Baldwin Effect”), Self-Organization and Teleodynamics, as well as Epigenetics. Most of the chapters in this book offer critical reflections on the neo-Darwinist outlook and work to promote a novel synthesis that is open to a greater degree of inclusivity as well as to a more holistic orientation in the biological sciences.

Kant On Laws

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Author : Eric Watkins
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-16

Kant On Laws written by Eric Watkins and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with History categories.

Provides a unified account of the notion of law - both natural and moral - in Kant's abstract and empirical philosophy.

Physics Beyond The Standard Model Proceedings Of The Fifth International Wein Symposium Wein 98

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Author : Cyrus M Hoffman
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1999-07-22

Physics Beyond The Standard Model Proceedings Of The Fifth International Wein Symposium Wein 98 written by Cyrus M Hoffman and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-22 with categories.

WEIN '98 focussed on searches for physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles at low and medium energies, including theoretical studies in these areas. In addition, selected topics in the physics of the Standard Model, searches for new physics at high energy facilities, and topics in nuclear and particle astrophysics were discussed. The conference was mainly composed of plenary talks reviewing the present status of the field. The proceedings include written versions of these plenary talks plus several invited talks given at the parallel sessions covering specific topics that could not be included in the plenary sessions.

Beyond The Dynamical Universe

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Author : Michael Silberstein
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-02-02

Beyond The Dynamical Universe written by Michael Silberstein and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-02 with Science categories.

Theoretical physics and foundations of physics have not made much progress in the last few decades. Whether we are talking about unifying general relativity and quantum field theory (quantum gravity), explaining so-called dark energy and dark matter (cosmology), or the interpretation and implications of quantum mechanics and relativity, there is no consensus in sight. In addition, both enterprises are deeply puzzled about various facets of time including above all, time as experienced. The authors argue that, across the board, this impasse is the result of the "dynamical universe paradigm," the idea that reality is fundamentally made up of physical entities that evolve in time from some initial state according to dynamical laws. Thus, in the dynamical universe, the initial conditions plus the dynamical laws explain everything else going exclusively forward in time. In cosmology, for example, the initial conditions reside in the Big Bang and the dynamical law is supplied by general relativity. Accordingly, the present state of the universe is explained exclusively by its past. This book offers a completely new paradigm (called Relational Blockworld), whereby the past, present and future co-determine each other via "adynamical global constraints," such as the least action principle. Accordingly, the future is just as important for explaining the present as is the past. Most of the book is devoted to showing how Relational Blockworld resolves many of the current conundrums of both theoretical physics and foundations of physics, including the mystery of time as experienced and how that experience relates to the block universe.

The New Mechanical Philosophy

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Author : Stuart Glennan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017

The New Mechanical Philosophy written by Stuart Glennan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Philosophy categories.

This volume argues for a new image of science that understands both natural and social phenomena to be the product of mechanisms, casting the work of science as an effort to understand those mechanisms. Glennan offers an account of the nature of mechanisms and of the models used to represent them in physical, life, and social sciences.

Neutrinos And Implications For Physics Beyond The Standard Model

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Author : R Shrock
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003-08-12

Neutrinos And Implications For Physics Beyond The Standard Model written by R Shrock and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-12 with Science categories.

This important book presents the proceedings of the conference “Neutrinos and Implications for Physics Beyond the Standard Model”, put on by the Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook. The observation of neutrino masses and lepton mixing constitutes the first confirmed evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. This evidence includes the measured deficiency of charged current reactions induced by solar neutrinos and the anomalous zenith angle distribution of atmospheric neutrinos. A profound question now facing theorists is: What do these observations imply for new physics? At the conference, members of the major experiments gave an update on current experimental evidence from solar and atmospheric neutrino data for neutrino oscillations, and status reports from KamLAND and MiniBooNE. Leading theorists also reported on neutrinoless double beta decay, high energy neutrino scattering and precision electroweak data, theoretical models for neutrino masses and lepton mixing, and constraints from neutrino data, etc. Since neutrino physics is at present one of the most exciting areas of particle physics, this volume should be of interest to a wide variety of students and researchers in physics. Contents:Introduction to the Conference (R Shrock, Stony Brook)Necessary Subtlety and Unnecessary Subtlety (C N Yang, Stony Brook/Beijing/CUHK)Neutrinos, Past and Present (M Goldhaber, BNL)Solar Models: An Historical Overview (J N Bahcall, IAS, Princeton)Solar Neutrino Results from Super-Kamiokande (Y Takeuchi, ICRR, Tokyo)Results from the Pure D2O Phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (F A Duncan, Queen's Univ.)Results from Super-Kamiokande on Atmospheric Neutrino and Limits on Matter Instability (C Saji, ICRR, Tokyo)Oscillation Investigations in Soudan 2: Atmospheric νμ → ντ and n → (in Iron (A Mann, M Sanchez & T Kafka, Tufts Univ.)sin2 θW from Neutrino Scattering at NuTeV (K S McFarland, Univ. of Rochester)MINOS: The Physics Program and Construction Status (K Lang, Univ. of Texas)Status of the OPERA Experiment on the CNGS Neutrino Beam (P Migliozzi, INFN Napoli)Status of Borexino (A Ianni, Gran Sasso National Lab)Implications from Current Data for Neutrino Masses and Mixing, and Some Sensitivities of Future Experiments (K Whisnant, Iowa State University)Neutrino Masses, Oscillations, and Tests with Future Superbeams and a Neutrino Factory (M Lindner, Tech. Univ. Munich)Neutrino Masses with Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (T Appelquist, Yale Univ.)SO(10) GUT Models and Their Present Success in Explaining Mass and Mixing Data (C H Albright, Northern Illinois Univ./FNAL)Symmetries of Neutrino Mixing (P F Harrison, Queen Mary Univ. of London & W G Scott, Rutherford Appleton Lab)Overview of SUSY GUT Models of Neutrino Mixing (S M Barr, Bartol Research Insititute)Local Symmetries Beyond the Standard Model Indicated by Neutrino Results (R N Mohapatra, Univ. of Maryland)Some Implications of Models with Large Extra Dimensions (S Nussinov, Tel Aviv Univ.)Alternatives to the Seesaw: Extra Z's and Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions (P Langacker, Univ. of Pennsylvania)Prospects for Conventional Long-Baseline Oscillation Experiments and Comparison with a Neutrino Factory (D A Harris, FNAL)Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments for Precise Measurements of Oscillation Parameters and Search for CP Violation (M V Diwan, BNL)Hyper-Kamiokande — A Next Generation Water Cherenkov Detector (K Nakamura, KEK)Physics with Cosmic Neutrinos, PeV to ZeV (T J Weiler, Vanderbilt Univ.)Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos (S I Dutta, SUNY at Stony Brook, M H Reno, Univ. of Iowa, I Sarcevic, Univ. of Arizona)Experiments for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (S R Elliot, LANL)To Be or Not to Be? — First Evidence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (H V Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Max Planck Institute)A National Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (T J Bowles, LANL)Probing Grand Unification Through Neutrino Oscillations, Leptogenesis, and Proton Decay (J C Pati, Univ. of Maryland) Readership: Graduate students in theoretical physics. Keywords:Neutrinos;Electroweak Symmetry;Oscillations