Membrane Modification
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Membrane Modification
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Author : Nidal Hilal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Membrane Modification written by Nidal Hilal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Science categories.
Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of
Polymeric Membrane Synthesis Modification And Applications
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Author : Chandan Das
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-12
Polymeric Membrane Synthesis Modification And Applications written by Chandan Das and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-12 with Science categories.
Membranes and membrane separation techniques have grown from a simple laboratory tool to an industrial process with considerable technical and commercial impact. The book deals with both the fundamental concepts of preparation, characterization and modification, practical applications along with recent advancements of electro-spun and phase inverted polymeric membranes. Divided into two parts, part one of this book covers the fundamental concepts and practical applications of novel electro-spun membranes while the latter covers basic concepts and further advancements of the conventional phase inverted membranes extensively. Key Features Covers fundamental concepts and practical applications of electro-spun and phase inverted polymeric membranes Includes general properties, characterization, preparation and modification of polymeric membranes Discusses advanced modification of polymeric membranes (functionalization, grafting) using phase inversion process, and effects of solubility parameter and additives on the phase inversion process Reviews electro-spun membranes for biomedical applications, industrial effluents treatment and removal of water contaminants Explores a separate economic analysis section for the discussed membranes
Advanced Materials For Membrane Fabrication And Modification
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Author : Stephen Gray
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-08-30
Advanced Materials For Membrane Fabrication And Modification written by Stephen Gray and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-30 with Science categories.
Membranes are an energy efficient separation technology that are now the basis for many water treatment and food processing applications. However, there is the potential to improve the operating performance of these separations and to extend the application of membranes to energy production, gas separations, organic solvent-based separations, and biomedical applications through novel membrane materials. This book contains 20 chapters written by leading academic researchers on membrane fabrication and modification techniques and provides a comprehensive overview on the recent developments of membrane technology. Membranes can be manufactured from a range of materials including polymeric compounds, and ceramic materials, and both these materials are considered in the book. There are 5 chapters on water and wastewater membranes that cover the fabrication of thin film (TFC) composite membranes for nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)/forward osmosis (FO) applications, stimuli responsive membranes, electrospun membranes, porous ceramic membranes, and polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) manufacture and modification. There are another 6 chapters on gas separation that consider carbon membranes, zeolite membranes, silica template and metal oxide silica membranes, TFC membranes, silica membranes, and metal organic framework (MOF) membranes. Zeolite membranes are also considered for organic solvent applications, as are solvent-resistant membranes manufactured by phase inversion, ceramic-supported composite membranes, and ceramic NF membranes. The emerging areas of membranes for energy and biomedical applications have 3 and 2 chapters, respectively. Energy applications consider ion exchange membranes for use in fuel cells, membranes for electrodialysis, and membranes for use in microbial fuel cells. For biomedical applications the chapters focus on hemodialysis membranes and redox responsive membranes.
Ion Exchange Membranes
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Author : Toshikatsu Sata
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2007-10-31
Ion Exchange Membranes written by Toshikatsu Sata and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-31 with Science categories.
Various separation membranes have been developed since their discovery over half a century ago, providing numerous benefits and fulfilling many applications in our everyday lives. They lend themselves to techniques ranging from microfiltration and gas separation, to what can be considered as the most advanced technique - ion exchange. This book, aimed at academic researchers, engineers and industrialists, contains a brief history of ion exchange and goes on to explain the preparation, characterization, modification and applications of these important membranes. Discussions include the use of ion exchange in analytical and medical techniques, as well as the development of future applications.
Membrane Formation And Modification
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Author : Ingo Pinnau (ed.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Membrane Formation And Modification written by Ingo Pinnau (ed.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medical categories.
Written for polymer chemists and chemical engineers, this book focuses on advances in the principal industrial approaches to the preparation of membranes, the formation of thin film composite membranes, and asymmetric membranes.
Insane In The Membrane Modification Of Polymeric Membranes For High Performance Water Separations
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Author : Brian McVerry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Insane In The Membrane Modification Of Polymeric Membranes For High Performance Water Separations written by Brian McVerry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
It is not unknown that the worldwide freshwater supply is dwindling and current freshwater sources are being contaminated. The total amount of freshwater, which makes up 2.5- 3% of the total water on earth, is actually sufficient to sustain the growing population for many years. However, the disproportionate geographical distribution of freshwater raises issues, as many people occupy arid regions. The transport or piping of large volumes of water over long distances is typically prohibitively expensive and/or prevented by geopolitical interests. The drive to produce freshwater locally from non-traditional sources has advanced in recent years and current energy and production costs have fallen due to technological advances. Filtration through polymeric materials has emerged as the leading technology for freshwater production from seawater, brackish water, and wastewater. Polymer membranes have surpassed ceramic membranes as the leading filtration medium because of their low-cost and versatility. Large sheets of membranes can be cast using an in-line manufacturing process and pore sizes can be readily tuned for specific applications. However, membrane fouling severely limits the advantages and economics of polymeric membrane-based separations. This dissertation will examine methods to produce fouling-resistant membranes that maintain the low- cost and scalability of polymer membranes for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first chapter presents a brief history and introduction to membrane technology and its current status. This chapter outlines membrane casting methods, the polymers used in casting films and their advantages, different configurations for membrane modules, the effects of fouling, and the cost of fouling. The second chapter introduces a new hydrophilic, polyaniline-based additive that was synthesized to blend into polysulfone unltrafiltration membranes. Sulfonated polyaniline (SPANi) is a self-doped polyaniline derivative that is readily synthesized using fuming sulfuric acid. SPANi, when de-doped, is soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water, making it an excellent candidate for blending into ultrafiltration membranes. When redoped at pH 7, the presence of pendant sulfonic acid groups creates a zwitterionic species. Zwitterionic moeities are known to possess super-hydrophilic and ultra-low fouling properties. When blended into polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes at low concentrations, the SPANi-PSf membranes demonstrate greater hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties when compared to pure PSf membranes with nominal changes in performance. For reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, the active or "skin" layer that performs the separation is a dense, non-porous polymer. Thus, blending hydrophilic molecules into the active layer or modifying the chemistry of the active layer affects the separation properties of the resulting polymer blend. To address this issue, researchers have grafted hydrophilic polymers to the surface of membranes to impart anti-fouling properties without significant changes in their performance. In Chapter 3, a new method is presented using photoactive hydrophilic polymer precursors to modify membrane surfaces. With this new method, commercial RO membranes can be modified rapidly under ambient conditions, maintaining the roll-to-roll scalability of RO membrane processing. The grafted commercial RO membranes exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties when compared with unmodified RO membranes. Chapter 4 investigates applying the same method of imparting anti-fouling properties to polymeric membranes as discussed in Chapter 3, except here this method is applied to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used for membrane bioreactors. Membrane bioreactor technology has gained attention recently for its highly efficient ability to clean wastewater. However, the concentrated loading of organics and microorganisms into the reactor medium leads to high fouling rates. First, modeling data are presented that identifies specific acid-base interactions between different foulants and the membrane surface that accelerate membrane fouling. New photoactive small molecule precursors were then synthesized and covalently bound to the membrane surface to repel these interactions. The small molecule with the greatest repulsive interaction, a zwitterionic derivative, imparted the greatest anti-fouling properties to the commercial UF membranes. The modified membranes exhibited low fouling rates in both a short-term and a long-term study. Chapter 5 summarizes the dissertation and outlines the key takeaways.
Performance Modification Via Membrane Stretching
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Author : Douglas R. Lloyd
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2006
Performance Modification Via Membrane Stretching written by Douglas R. Lloyd and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Membrane filters categories.
The hypothesis of this research was that by stretching microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes, their performance, in terms of flux and rejection, could be improved. Stretching a membrane was envisioned to stretch its pores, or change the aspect ration of the pores. It was thought that changing the aspect ratio could lead to improved flux (by increasing the pore area) while also improving the rejection of particles (by decreasing the length of the minor axis). The objective of this research was to study the effects of uniaxial stretching of microporous membranes (and thereby change the aspect ratio) on their performance (measured in terms of flux and particle rejection).
Fabrication And Modification Of Thin Film Composite Membrane For Enhanced Membrane Performances
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Author : Eun Sik Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Fabrication And Modification Of Thin Film Composite Membrane For Enhanced Membrane Performances written by Eun Sik Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Membrane application and technology have been explored due to the increase in organic and inorganic material contamination in water system. These works are to present how the physico-chemical properties of membrane surface could be modified by plasma treatment, and how such modifications could affect the performances of polymeric membrane. Specifically, ammonia plasma modification on commercial thin-film composite (TFC) membrane and evaluation of their performances with different external parameters are performed. Plasmas are applied on hydrophobic porous membrane for TFC substrate, and nano-structured materials are integrated into the polymeric membranes with or without atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) surface modification. Ammonia plasma treatment shows the surface modification of commercial TFC membranes via improving their basic physico-chemical properties such as hydrophilicity, surface free energy, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and zeta-potential with enhanced membrane performances both pure water permeability and salts rejection. Surface functional groups are created on membrane surface by plasma reaction. Plasma is an effective tool for membrane surface modification for suitability as support layers for TFC membrane fabrication through interfacial polymerization. In addition, APP treatment can modify the ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) to hydrophilic and modified OMCs can be dispersed in m-phenyline diamine (MPD) aqueous solution for fabricating of thin-film layer. The results show plasma modified OMCs could be well-dispersed in thin-film layer and fabricated H-OMCs TFN membranes indicate the improvement in membrane performances.
Modification And Preparation Of Membrane In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Author : Guang-Ming Qiu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modification And Preparation Of Membrane In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Guang-Ming Qiu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Liquid carbon dioxide categories.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) has dissolving power comparable to that of liquids, is much more compressible than dilute gases, and has transport properties intermediate between gas- and liquid-like. This unusual combination of physical properties can be advantageously exploited in environmentally benign separation and reaction processes, as well as for new kinds of materials processing. This book articles summarises the modifications and preparations of membranes that have been conducted in SCCO2.
Surface Engineering Of Polymer Membranes
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Author : Zhi-Kang Xu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-15
Surface Engineering Of Polymer Membranes written by Zhi-Kang Xu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Surface Engineering of Polymer Membranes covers the processes that modify membrane surfaces to improve their in-service performance, meaning, to confer surface properties which are different from the bulk properties. Purposes may be to minimize fouling, modulate hydrophilicity/ hydrophobicity, enhance biocompatibility, create diffusion barriers, provide functionalities, mimic biomembranes, fabricate nanostructures, etc. First, the basics of surface engineering of polymer membranes are covered. Then topics such as surface modification by graft polymerization and macromolecule immobilization, biomimetic surfaces, enzyme immobilization, molecular recognition, and nanostructured surfaces are discussed. This book provides a unique synthesis of the knowledge of the role of surface chemistry and physics in membrane science. Dr. Zhikang Xu of the Institute of Polymer Science of Zhejiang University has eight Chinese patents and in 2006 was honored as a Distinguished Young Scholar by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC).