Memorial From Brazilian Hell
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Memorial From Brazilian Hell
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Author : Valdeck Almeida De Jesus
language : en
Publisher: Clube de Autores
Release Date : 2021-01-07
Memorial From Brazilian Hell written by Valdeck Almeida De Jesus and has been published by Clube de Autores this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-07 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Summary Valdeck Almeida de Jesus s Memorial do Inferno: A Saga da Família Almeida no Jardim do Éden, now thankfully translated into English, is a moving memoir of the author s youth, upbringing and early adulthood in his native Bahia. De Jesus s account is important for many reasons, but one of the most significant is its novelty: it is perhaps the first such work of its kind, a nonfictional, autobiographical narrative, written and published in Brazil, by a self-identified black, gay, and working-class Brazilian. It consequently occupies a keystone place at the point where Brazilian, black, LGBTQ and working-class literary traditions intersect. Novelty of topic, however, is only one noteworthy aspect of Memorial do Inferno: it is a vibrant and affecting narrative that does not stint in its portrayal of the struggles—and the attendant joy—that the political and social marginalization and oppression, in the forms of poverty, racism and classism, have imposed upon the vast majority of Brazil s people. The journey that de Jesus makes over his 42 years is one of increasing self-realization, self-knowledge, and self-empowerment. Memorial do Inferno is, then, a work of self-fashioning, in which a young man from a large and impoverished family living in Jequié, in the rural interior of Bahia, one of Brazil s best known and populous states, as well as the one with the largest percentage population of African-descendant people, manages to overcome the odds arrayed against him, eventually pursuing studies for a while in nursing and letters at a state university, before moving to the 450-year-old metropolis and first Brazilian capital of Salvador da Bahia, the Black Rome. One there, de Jesus is able to further his education, mature into adulthood, and launch his literary career, one of whose achievements is this book. The contours of de Jesus s story, whose parallels can be found throughout the annals of literature, are universal. The particularities of his experience, however, are his own, and crucial, given the national literary context, to establishing the memoir s singularity. Brazil s literary traditions span more than 500 years, making them among the oldest in the Americas. Over that period, however, the presence and prominence of African-descendant writers, especially before the late 19th century, has been relatively low, despite the fact that Brazil has had and continues to possess the largest population of people of African descent outside of continental Africa. This stands in contrast, for example, to the United States s literary traditions, to which black writers have made significant contributions since the 18th century and within which they have cumulatively created an internationally recognized literature. In his study Race and Color in Brazilian Literature, David Brookshaw attributes the Brazilian situation to several factors, identifying one of the most important as the absence of overt racial and ethnic segregation in Brazil, unlike in the US, where legalized segregation and oppression over centuries has had the effect of fostering political, social and cultural solidarity and autonomy for black Americans, with one of the results being an autonomous black literature (Brookshaw, 1986, 175-176). Brookshaw also notes that in Brazil, the related concept of racial democracy has been mobilized to downplay or hide racism, racial supremacy and the attendant ideology of social and cultural whitening (branqueamento), and structural racial discrimination, all of which have combined to disadvantage Afrobrazilians in political, economic and social terms, with the result that the absence or exclusion of black writers did not provoke much commentary, including from some of Brazil s most important African-descendant writers, such as the late 19th century literary titan Machado de Assis, until this century. While black writers are now recognized participants in the development Brazil s literary traditions, their prominence relative to the size of the Brazilian African-descendant population remains small. With Brazilian queer literature, which emerged as a distinct category in the latter half of the 20th century (though one of the foundational texts in this tradition, Bom Crioulo, by Adolfo Caminha, appeared as far back as 1895, and a mixed-race queer writer like Mário de Andrade played a foundational role in 20th century Brazilian Modernism), specifically during the period of the political opening, or abertura, in the latter years of the military dictatorship (1978-1984), the absence of African-descendant writers is conspicuous. In his discussion of the writings of the late Gaúcho writer, Caio Fernando Abreu, critic Fernando Arenas lists the important male Brazilian prose writers and poets who have dealt overtly with homosexual or bisexual themes. A study of his list reveals that only a few of these writers, such as the poet Valdo Motta, are black or of self-identified African descent (Arenas, in Canty Quinlan and Arenas, 2002, p. 235). It is probably adequate to say for now, though the situation will certainly change, that the pool of texts in all genres by out lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Brazilian people of African descent remains small, for many of the same reasons as those detailed above, with the added factors of gender and sexuality. An additional factor that should not be overlooked is class: De Jesus s narrative makes clear his family s and his own financial difficulties, the hell of poverty and purgatory of marginality, and he goes some way towards situating these facts within the larger historical and social contexts of Brazilian life touched upon above. De Jesus s memoir thus fills a gap in terms of Brazilian writing, giving voice to those who have not been listened to before; the book s social and political impact, then, mirror its evident aesthetic achievement. I want to register a final note, which is that the first portion of the book s Portuguese title loses a little something in English: Memorial do Inferno literally translates to Memorial of the Inferno, but the memorial signifies both a commemoration, with the various resonances of that term, of a life passed (successfully) and perhaps past, and simultaneously invokes, I think, its English cognate, the genre of memoir, or a nonfictional, textual remembering, a piecing together. The text, in both its Portuguese original and English translation, possesses aspects of both these connotations, echoing in prose form de Jesus s elegiac volume of poetry, Heartache Poems: A Brazilian Gay Man Coming Out from the Closet, which he published in 2004 in English first, to expand his potential readership. (It was through this volume that I first came to know his work.) The inferno of the title brings to mind not only Judeo-Christian theology and Dante s masterwork, but also translates more broadly and figuratively as hell, a term which de Jesus inflects throughout the book. The ultimate note one leaves with, however, is not of the hellish, of suffering or pain, but of personal triumph. These are the life notes of a lover of knowledge, of the arts, of life itself, who has transformed the difficulties of his past into the foundation on which he is building his future. Or to quote de Jesus s poem from the Heartbreak volume, I Am Nothing : I am not so small after all. References Almeida de Jesus, Valdeck. Heartache Poems: A Brazilian Gay Man Coming Out from the Closet. New York: iUniverse, 2004. Brookshaw, David. Race and Color in Brazilian Literature. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, NJ, 1986. Canty Quinlan, Susan and Fernando Arenas, editors. Lusosex: Gender and Sexuality in the Portuguese-Speaking World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. González Echeverría, Roberto and Enrique Pupo-Walker. The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature. Vol. 3: Brazilian Literature, Bibliographies. Edited by Roberto González Echevarría and Enrique Pupo-Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Green, James. Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-century Brazil. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1999. Author John Keene is an author and translator, and Associate Professor of English and African American Studies at Northwestern University.
Memories From Brazilian Hell
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Author : Valdeck Almeida de Jesus
language : en
Publisher: iUniverse
Release Date : 2008-06-03
Memories From Brazilian Hell written by Valdeck Almeida de Jesus and has been published by iUniverse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-03 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Most of us will never experience what young Valdeck Almeida de Jesus experienced. From falling into a cesspool and playing among garbage to collecting bones to sell and avoiding snakes on his walk to school, Valdeck recounts his family's hard life day by agonizing day in this moving memoir. Translated from Portuguese, Memories from Brazilian Hell follows Valdeck, his parents, and his seven brothers and sisters as they survived poverty, class and racial marginalization, debilitating health problems, and financial crises while living in the Bahian region of Brazil. Amidst these hardships, they struggled to meet their basic human needs for shelter, food, and medical and dental care. Despite the overwhelming odds, Valdeck and his family spectacularly overcame the obstacles they faced. Without losing faith in the future, despite uncertainty and doubt, every member of the Almeida family achieved his or her goals; each making a mark on the world. As Valdeck's history unfolds, his story becomes one of self-realization, knowledge, and empowerment. Valdeck's memories are infused with hope and illustrate that if anguished Brazilians can believe in their country and be resilient, they can fight for and achieve their ideals. This book gives voice to all those who have suffered society's inequities.
Green Hell
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Author : Lucien Bodard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Green Hell written by Lucien Bodard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with History categories.
Monetary Stability And Economic Growth
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Author : Robert A. Mundell
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2002-01-01
Monetary Stability And Economic Growth written by Robert A. Mundell and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Under the direction of Nobel laureate Robert A. Mundell and Paul J. Zak, eminent contributors to Monetary Stability and Economic Growth offer a unique insight into the way that economists analyse the causes of money (mis) management in the US, Latin America, Europe and Japan, and prescribe stabilising reforms. Their lively discussion provides answers to various questions including: How does monetary stability affect economic growth? How can nations best achieve monetary stability? When is monetary union desirable? Which anchors for monetary stability are likely to be most effective? How will the euro affect financial markets and the international monetary system? Is international monetary reform possible, and how can it be achieved? The mechanisms that link monetary policy including foreign exchange regimes and the international monetary system to economic performance are examined, and the ways in which countries can stimulate economic growth are explored. This superb narrative volume, brought alive by the debate between leading economists, is contextualised by the editors excellent introduction. It will be of immense interest to students, researchers and teachers of macroeconomics and financial economics as well as professional economists.
Immigration Ethnicity And National Identity In Brazil 1808 To The Present
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Author : Jeff Lesser
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-21
Immigration Ethnicity And National Identity In Brazil 1808 To The Present written by Jeff Lesser and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-21 with History categories.
This book examines the immigration to Brazil of millions of Europeans, Asians and Middle Easterners beginning in the nineteenth century.
Brazil
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Author : Neill Lochery
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2014-06-03
Brazil written by Neill Lochery and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-03 with History categories.
In 1939, Brazil seemed a world away from the chaos overtaking Europe. Yet despite its bucolic reputation as a distant land of palm trees and pristine beaches, Brazil’s natural resources and proximity to the United States made it strategically invaluable to both the Allies and the Axis alike. As acclaimed historian Neill Lochery reveals in The Fortunes of War, Brazil’s wily dictator Getúlio Dornelles Vargas keenly understood his country’s importance, and played both sides of the escalating global conflict off against each other, gaining trade concessions, weapons shipments, and immense political power in the process. Vargas ultimately sided with the Allies and sent troops to the European theater, but not before his dexterous geopolitical machinations had transformed Rio de Janeiro into one of South America’s most powerful cities and solidified Brazil’s place as a major regional superpower. A fast-paced tale of diplomatic intrigue, The Fortunes of War reveals how World War II transformed Brazil from a tropical backwater into a modern, global power.
Zen In Brazil
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Author : Cristina Rocha
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2005-12-31
Zen In Brazil written by Cristina Rocha and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-31 with Religion categories.
Widely perceived as an overwhelmingly Catholic nation, Brazil has experienced in recent years a growth in the popularity of Buddhism among the urban, cosmopolitan upper classes. In the 1990s Buddhism in general and Zen in particular were adopted by national elites, the media, and popular culture as a set of humanistic values to counter the rampant violence and crime in Brazilian society. Despite national media attention, the rapidly expanding Brazilian market for Buddhist books and events, and general interest in the globalization of Buddhism, the Brazilian case has received little scholarly attention. Cristina Rocha addresses that shortcoming in Zen in Brazil. Drawing on fieldwork in Japan and Brazil, she examines Brazilian history, culture, and literature to uncover the mainly Catholic, Spiritist, and Afro-Brazilian religious matrices responsible for this particular indigenization of Buddhism. In her analysis of Japanese immigration and the adoption and creolization of the Sôtôshû school of Zen Buddhism in Brazil, she offers the fascinating insight that the latter is part of a process of "cannibalizing" the modern other to become modern oneself. She shows, moreover, that in practicing Zen, the Brazilian intellectual elites from the 1950s onward have been driven by a desire to acquire and accumulate cultural capital both locally and overseas. Their consumption of Zen, Rocha contends, has been an expression of their desire to distinguish themselves from popular taste at home while at the same time associating themselves with overseas cultural elites.
Ships From Hell
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Author : Raymond Lamont-Brown
language : en
Publisher: The History Press
Release Date : 2002-01-28
Ships From Hell written by Raymond Lamont-Brown and has been published by The History Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-28 with History categories.
This is a new and frightening insight into Japanese atrocities in the Second World War. The horrific conditions aboard hellships at sea are revealed including the torture, disease and massacre which characterised them.
Library Of Congress Subject Headings
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Author : Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Library Of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Subject headings, Library of Congress categories.
P Z
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Author : Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
P Z written by Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Subject headings, Library of Congress categories.