Memory In Animals And Humans
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Memory In Animals And Humans
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Author : Andrew Richard Mayes
language : en
Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
Release Date : 1983
Memory In Animals And Humans written by Andrew Richard Mayes and has been published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Psychology categories.
Memory In Animals And Humans
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Author : Andrew David Hastings Mayes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Memory In Animals And Humans written by Andrew David Hastings Mayes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Memory categories.
Understanding Episodic Memory In Animals And Humans
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Author : Lisa Amalia Denza Webster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Understanding Episodic Memory In Animals And Humans written by Lisa Amalia Denza Webster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Memory categories.
This thesis sought to explore two different methodological approaches to episodic memory, namely episodic memory as demonstrated in humans and episodic-like memory as demonstrated in animals. The results of Chapter 2 were successful in demonstrating episodic-like memory in the rat using recollection alone, despite the fact that performance in this study was significantly poorer compared to the original (Eacott, Easton, & Zinkivskay, 2005). Subsequent experiments within this chapter highlighted potential methodological issues (e.g. interference of odour cues, stability of performance over lengthy testing periods) that impact on such spontaneous tasks. Chapter 3 investigated the effect of bilateral lesions to the hippocampus on episodic-like memory. The results of Chapter 3 were not in agreement with previous findings as none of the three groups (Sham Group/Partial Hippocampal Group/Hippocampal Group) showed evidence of episodic-like memory. In depth analyses of the three groups lead the author to the conclusion that this was not due to an ineffective task but due to extraneous factors impacting upon the performance of the animals. Analyses of D2 scores and raw exploration times in both phases of the experiment also highlighted the importance of D2 scores in determining object familiarity. Chapter 4 further investigated the effect of bilateral lesions to the hippocampus on episodic-like memory in animals using an Open Field arena. The addition of landmarks to the testing room resulted in the Sham group successfully demonstrating episodic-like memory whilst the Hippocampal lesion group remained at chance levels. As there was no significant difference between the two groups it was not possible to conclude that this was as a result of the lesions to the hippocampus. The control task showed neither group demonstrating memory for the more simple?what-where? task, therefore it was concluded that a problem with the methodology still remained. Subsequent experiments within this chapter investigated cleaning methodology, the stability of performance over time, and the effect of task change on performance. The clear variability in the data over lengthy testing periods emphasised the sensitivity of such tasks. Chapter 5 aimed to investigate whether applying comparable?What-Where-When? and?What-Where-Which? tasks to human investigations of episodic memory would result in similar patterns of data with regard to recollection and familiarity. Analysis of the results revealed the use of other strategies to solve the episodic?What-Where-When? questions. Subsequent experiments within this chapter aimed to confirm the use of strength of memory trace as a strategy for solving these episodic questions. Results from the final experiment suggested that other strategies were also being employed in addition to strength of memory trace. Conclusions were drawn regarding the individual components of episodic memory and their susceptibility to interference from other strategies. Overall conclusions focused on the definition of episodic memory and the potential implications of alternative strategies impacting on such tasks.
Processes Of Animal Memory Ple Memory
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Author : Douglas Medin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-05-09
Processes Of Animal Memory Ple Memory written by Douglas Medin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-09 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1976, this volume contains new and original contributions of the time addressed to a related set of ideas concerning processes of memory in animals. The theme is that animals remember and that theories of animal learning must take this into account as well as the coding processes that have been assumed to be specific to human beings. The focus of the book is on processes, and some progress is reported in differentiating types of memory. The emphasis in applying animal work to studies of human memory is made not in terms of paradigms but in terms of processes implicated via performance in a variety of tasks. Also, many of the chapters reflect the usefulness of applying a memory framework to a variety of "nonmemory" paradigms. This work will be essential reading for all those interested in animal as well as human memory, and provided the most up to date and broadest examination of animal memory processes at the time, from both a theoretical and conceptual framework.
Information Processing In Animals
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Author : N. E. Spear
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-24
Information Processing In Animals written by N. E. Spear and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-24 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1982. During the past fifty years, dramatic changes have occurred in the use of laboratory animals to study learning and memory. Yet the basic reasons for this research, diverse as they are, have not changed. At one extreme is the need for relatively direct application of findings with animal models to medical or educational problems of humans; at the other extreme, the quest for understanding animal behavior for its own sake. It is probably fair to say that no chapters in this book represent either of these extremes, although in each case the author’s purposes can be said to be like those of some scientists working in this area fifty years ago. In contrast to this continuity of purpose, the approach that scientists now take in this area of study is really quite different from that of most or all scientists in the 1930s.
In The Light Of Evolution
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Author : National Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-05-19
In The Light Of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-19 with Science categories.
Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.
Human And Animal Memory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Human And Animal Memory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Human And Animal Memory
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Author : Philip T. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1986
Human And Animal Memory written by Philip T. Smith and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Psychology categories.
In the first part of this book, which is devoted to human memory, there is a noticeable interaction between, on the one hand, an interest in dementia and amnesia, and on the other hand, the development of normal models of memory. Although verbal memory figues prominently, there are several papers reflecting an interest in visual processing and one paper on memory for odours. It is only in recent years that animal memory has received serious attention and that workers in this area have used concepts and theories from the study of human memory to guide their studies of, for example, short-term memory processes in animals and their role in associative learning. This volume will provide such researchers with an easy access to the ideas and results of those concerned with human memory. At the same time the latter may find illuminating those chapters dealing with subjects that cannot easily be studied in people, such as the brain mechanisms underlying spatial memory discussed by Morris, Hagan and Rawlins, or the effect on such memories of electroconvulsive shock described by Maki.
Theories Of Animal Memory
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Author : Donald F. Kendrick
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04
Theories Of Animal Memory written by Donald F. Kendrick and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1986. This book is concerned with the transition of animal learning from a strict stimulus-response (S-R) approach to a more cognitive approach. In response to noted past research that was guided by some perspective or theoretical framework based partly on a combination of research results and individual opinions about what animals can do. This volume was thus conceived as a collection of chapters in which animal memory researchers could publicly state their opinions about animal memory, with little concern for substantiating them with test data. This volume is organized in three main sections of three chapters each. The first section, The Grand Approach, is a collection of chapters with a meta-theoretical perspective. The second section, Memory Processes, presents three chapters concerned with the processes, properties, and mechanisms of short-term memory in animals. The third section, Theoretical Issues, presents two highly developed theories of animal memory, one based on pigeon short-term memory experiments and one based on delayed alternation in the rat
Early Evolution Of Human Memory
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Author : Héctor M. Manrique
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-22
Early Evolution Of Human Memory written by Héctor M. Manrique and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-22 with Psychology categories.
This work examines the cognitive capacity of great apes in order to better understand early man and the importance of memory in the evolutionary process. It synthesizes research from comparative cognition, neuroscience, primatology as well as lithic archaeology, reviewing findings on the cognitive ability of great apes to recognize the physical properties of an object and then determine the most effective way in which to manipulate it as a tool to achieve a specific goal. The authors argue that apes (Hominoidea) lack the human cognitive ability of imagining how to blend reality, which requires drawing on memory in order to envisage alternative future situations, and thereby modifying behavior determined by procedural memory. This book reviews neuroscientific findings on short-term working memory, long-term procedural memory, prospective memory, and imaginative forward thinking in relation to manual behavior. Since the manipulation of objects by Hominoidea in the wild (particularly in order to obtain food) is regarded as underlying the evolution of behavior in early Hominids, contrasts are highlighted between the former and the latter, especially the cognitive implications of ancient stone-tool preparation.
