Memory Systems Of The Addicted Brain The Underestimated Role Of Drug Induced Cognitive Biases In Addiction And Its Treatment
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Memory Systems Of The Addicted Brain The Underestimated Role Of Drug Induced Cognitive Biases In Addiction And Its Treatment
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Author : Vincent David
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-06-08
Memory Systems Of The Addicted Brain The Underestimated Role Of Drug Induced Cognitive Biases In Addiction And Its Treatment written by Vincent David and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-08 with categories.
Drug addiction may be viewed as a form of learning during which strong associations linking actions to drug-seeking are expressed as persistent stimulus–response habits, thereby maintaining a vulnerability to relapse. Disrupting cue–drug memory could be an efficient strategy to reduce the strength of cues in motivating drug-taking behavior. Upon reactivation, these memories undergo a reconsolidation process that can be blocked pharmacologically, providing an opportunity to prevent the powerful control of drug cues on behavior. This conceptually elegant approach still calls for more experimental data. However, an increasing body of evidence suggests that drug taking not only accelerates habit forming, but has long-lasting effects on interactions between memory systems eventually leading to a functional imbalance. The dorsal part of the striatum plays a critical role in habit/procedural learning, whereas the hippocampal memory system encodes relationships between events and their later flexible use. Both humans and rodents studies support the view that the hippocampus and the dorsal striatum interact in either a cooperative or competitive manner during learning, the prefrontal cortex being involved in the selection of an appropriate learning strategy. Chronic drug consumption biases normal interactions between these memory systems. For instance, drug-experienced rodents tend to use preferentially striatum-dependent learning strategies in navigational tasks. These persistent effects seem to occur at cellular, neurophysiological and behavioral levels to promote specific, striatal-dependent forms of learning, to the detriment of spatial/declarative, hippocampal-dependent and more flexible types of memory. Whether cue sensitive and response learners, in contrast to spatial learners, could be prone to drug addiction is an intriguing hypothesis which clearly deserves to be further explored. A loss of flexibility may be uncovered also by imposing changing rules on the subject, such as requiring an attentional shift between different perceptual features of a complex stimulus, as in the attentional set shifting task which was recently adapted to rodents. Working memory is at risk during transition phases, although it remains to be determined whether withdrawal-induced alterations are observed also during protracted abstinence. Drug-induced cognitive biases thus lead to cognitive rigidity which could play a critical, yet overlooked role in different phases of addiction (acquisition, extinction/withdrawal and relapse). They are also likely to preclude the clinical efficiency of treatments. Therefore, the aim of this research topic is to provide an overview of the current work investigating the long-term impact of drug use on learning and memory processes, how multiple memory systems modulate drug-seeking behavior, as well as how drug-induced cognitive biases could contribute to the persistence of addictive behaviors.
Inhibitory Control Training
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Author : Sara Palermo
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-04-22
Inhibitory Control Training written by Sara Palermo and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-22 with Medical categories.
Inhibitory control is a critical neurocognitive skill for navigating cognitive, social, and emotional challenges. It rapidly increases during the preschool period and is important for early cognitive development, as it is a crucial component of executive functioning, self-regulation, and impulsivity. Inhibitory control training (ICT) is a novel intervention in which participants learn to associate appetitive cues with inhibition of behavior. It is being considered a promising approach in the treatment of psychopathology and appetitive behaviors. This book aims to bring together knowledge on the topic, considering research, clinic, and forensic field of intervention. Indeed, this book can be considered an excellent synopsis of perspectives, methods, empirical evidence, and international references.
Pain Management And The Opioid Epidemic
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-10-28
Pain Management And The Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-28 with Medical categories.
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
The Oxford Handbook Of Substance Use And Substance Use Disorders
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Author : Kenneth J. Sher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Oxford Handbook Of Substance Use And Substance Use Disorders written by Kenneth J. Sher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Psychology categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders provides comprehensive reviews of key areas of inquiry into the fundamental nature of substance use and SUDs, their features, causes, consequences, course, treatment, and prevention.
The Psychology Of Addiction
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Author : Jenny Svanberg
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-08
The Psychology Of Addiction written by Jenny Svanberg and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-08 with Psychology categories.
When does a harmless habit become an addition? Why do only some of us get addicted? What can make recovery possible? The Psychology of Addiction is a fascinating introduction to the psychological issues surrounding addiction and the impact they have on social policy, recovery and an addict’s everyday life. The book focuses on drug and alcohol addiction and tackles topics such as whether drug use always leads to addiction and the importance of social networks to recovery. It also looks at how people can become addicted to activities like gambling, gaming and sex. In a society that still stigmatises addiction The Psychology of Addiction emphasises the importance of compassion, and provides a sensitive insight to anyone with experience of addiction.
Addictive Substances And Neurological Disease
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Author : Ronald Ross Watson
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-02-18
Addictive Substances And Neurological Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-18 with Medical categories.
Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles is a complete guide to the manifold effects of addictive substances on the brain, providing readers with the latest developing research on how these substances are implicated in neurological development and dysfunction. Cannabis, cocaine, and other illicit drugs can have substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the brain. However, other common habituating and addictive substances often used as part of an individual's lifestyle, i.e., alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, painkillers can also compromise brain health and effect or accentuate neurological disease. This book provides broad coverage of the effects of addictive substances on the brain, beginning with an overview of how the substances lead to dysfunction before examining each substance in depth. It discusses the pathology of addiction, the structural damage resulting from abuse of various substances, and covers the neurobiological, neurodegenerative, behavioral, and cognitive implications of use across the lifespan, from prenatal exposure, to adolescence and old age. This book aids researchers seeking an understanding of the neurological changes that these substances induce, and is also extremely useful for those seeking potential treatments and therapies for individuals suffering from chronic abuse of these substances. - Integrates current research on the actions of addictive substances in neurological disease - Includes functional foods, such as caffeine beverages, that have habituating effects on the brain - Provides a synopsis of key ideas associated with the consequences of addictive and habituating lifestyle substances
Substance And Behavioral Addictions
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Author : Steve Sussman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-06
Substance And Behavioral Addictions written by Steve Sussman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-06 with Medical categories.
This book presents the etiology, assessment, prevention and cessation of eleven focal addictions within an appetitive motivation framework of addiction. It is intended for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, practitioners, and researchers who want an introduction to cutting edge research and practice in the addictions field.
Beyond The Cognitive Map
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Author : A. David Redish
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1999
Beyond The Cognitive Map written by A. David Redish and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
There are currently two major theories about the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive structure in the back of the temporal lobe. One says that it stores a cognitive map, the other that it is a key locus for the temporary storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish takes the approach that understanding the role of the hippocampus in space will make it possible to address its role in less easily quantifiable areas such as memory. Basing his investigation on the study of rodent navigation--one of the primary domains for understanding information processing in the brain--he places the hippocampus in its anatomical context as part of a greater functional system. Redish draws on the extensive experimental and theoretical work of the last 100 years to paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation. His presentation encompasses multiple levels of analysis, from single-unit recording results to behavioral tasks to computational modeling. From this foundation, he proposes a novel understanding of the role of the hippocampus in rodents that can shed light on the role of the hippocampus in primates, explaining data from primate studies and human neurology. The book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists and psychologists, but also to researchers in computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.
Drug Set And Setting
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Author : Norman E. Zinberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986-02-01
Drug Set And Setting written by Norman E. Zinberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-02-01 with Political Science categories.
A leading expert on drug use illuminates the factors that permit some people to use such highly addictive and dangerous substances as alcohol, marijuana, psychedelics, and opiates in a controlled fashion. This cogently written work should be of interest to members of the medical community, particularly those who have contact with substance abusers, psychiatrists, sociologists, policymakers, administrators, and interested laypersons...Well worth reading. -- JAMA
Counselling Guidelines
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Author : Alison Marsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Counselling Guidelines written by Alison Marsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Alcoholics categories.