Mereology And The Sciences
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Mereology And The Sciences
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Author : Claudio Calosi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-02
Mereology And The Sciences written by Claudio Calosi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-02 with Philosophy categories.
This volume is the first systematic and thorough attempt to investigate the relation and the possible applications of mereology to contemporary science. It gathers contributions from leading scholars in the field and covers a wide range of scientific theories and practices such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering. Throughout the volume, a variety of foundational issues are investigated both from the formal and the empirical point of view. The first section looks at the topic as it applies to physics. The section addresses questions of persistence and composition within quantum and relativistic physics and concludes by scrutinizing the possibility to capture continuity of motion as described by our best physical theories within gunky space times. The second part tackles mathematics and shows how to provide a foundation for point-free geometry of space switching to fuzzy-logic. The relation between mereological sums and set-theoretic suprema is investigated and issues about different mereological perspectives such as classical and natural Mereology are thoroughly discussed. The third section in the volume looks at natural science. Several questions from biology, medicine and chemistry are investigated. From the perspective of biology, there is an attempt to provide axioms for inferring statements about part hood between two biological entities from statements about their spatial relation. From the perspective of chemistry, it is argued that classical mereological frameworks are not adequate to capture the practices of chemistry in that they consider neither temporal nor modal parameters. The final part introduces computer science and engineering. A new formal mereological framework in which an indeterminate relation of part hood is taken as a primitive notion is constructed and then applied to a wide variety of disciplines from robotics to knowledge engineering. A formal framework for discrete mereotopology and its applications is developed and finally, the importance of mereology for the relatively new science of domain engineering is also discussed.
Mereology
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Author : A. J. Cotnoir
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-22
Mereology written by A. J. Cotnoir and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-22 with Philosophy categories.
Is a whole something more than the sum of its parts? Are there things composed of the same parts? If you divide an object into parts, and divide those parts into smaller parts, will this process ever come to an end? Can something lose parts or gain new ones without ceasing to be the thing it is? Does any multitude of things (including disparate things such as you, this book, and the tail of a cat) compose a whole of some sort? Questions such as these have occupied us for at least as long as philosophy has existed. They define the field that has come to be known as mereology-the study of all relations of part to whole and of part to part within a whole-and have deep and far-reaching ramifications in metaphysics as well as in logic, the foundations of mathematics, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of science, and beyond. In Mereology, A. J. Cotnoir and Achille C. Varzi have compiled decades of advanced research into a comprehensive, up-to-date, and formally rigorous picture. The early chapters cover the more classical aspects of mereology; the rest of the book deals with variants and extensions. Whether you are an established professional philosopher, an interested student, or a newcomer, inside you will find all the tools you need to join this ever-evolving field of inquiry and theorize about all things mereological.
Powers Parts And Wholes
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Author : Christopher J. Austin
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-08-25
Powers Parts And Wholes written by Christopher J. Austin and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-25 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers a fresh exploration of the parts–whole relations within a power and among powers. While the metaphysics of powers has been extensively examined in the literature, powers have yet to be studied from the perspective of their mereology. Powers are often assumed to be atomic, and yet what they can do—and what can happen to them—is complex. But if powers are simple, how can they have complex manifestations? Can powers have parts? According to which rules of composition do powers compose into powers? Given the centrality of powers in current scientific as well as philosophical thought, recognizing and understanding the ontological differences between atomic and mereologically complex powers is important, for both philosophy and science. The first part of this book explores how powers divide; the second part, how powers compose. The final part showcases some specific study cases in the domains of quantum mechanics and psychology. Powers, Parts and Wholes will be of interest to professional philosophers and graduate students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science and logic.
Mereology
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Author : MR Keith Andrew Lyons
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-10-19
Mereology written by MR Keith Andrew Lyons and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-19 with categories.
"Mereology: The Origins of Garlic Cures and the Art of Telling a Tale of Ragout" is scientific journalism of philosophical proportions that entertains and informs layman while providing a method for scientists to use in understanding the "proto-concepts" underscoring their own theories; thus opening an awareness to "where," "when," "how" and "why" scientists have arrived at the questionable time and space in which they (and we) are all now living. As a delivery device, humorous life experiences as well as tragic tasty metaphors and toothsome examples, as are befitting a Tale of Ragout, are used to bring forth meaning and context in the difficult to understand "proto-concepts," and transport, with speeds reaching well beyond those of light particles, the reader along with tales of amputation, murder, poisonings, mafia dealings, nuthouse internment, cross country bicycle tours, skateboarding, conspiracy-theories-come-true, indiscriminate sexual encounters and punk rock. The theoretic dialogue in the book is based on the phenomenological works of Edmund Husserl, Ernst Cassirer, Mikhail Bahktin and Max Scheler, and argue that George Berkeley, Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza separately deconstructed the mereological experience found in Ancient Philosophy (in general). Mostly, the Garlic Cures uses as its main go-to Ancient source, as the argument is simplified for the sake of making the book less than five hundred pages, the works of Aristotle."
Macroscopic Metaphysics
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Author : Paul Needham
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-08
Macroscopic Metaphysics written by Paul Needham and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-08 with Science categories.
This book is about our ordinary concept of matter in the form of enduring continuants and the processes in which they are involved in the macroscopic realm. It emphasises what science rather than philosophical intuition tells us about the world, and chemistry rather than the physics that is more usually encountered in philosophical discussions. The central chapters dealing with the nature of matter pursue key steps in the historical development of scientific conceptions of chemical substance. Like many contemporary discussions of material objects, it relies heavily on mereology. The classical principles are applied to the mereological structure of regions of space, intervals of time, processes and quantities of matter. Quantities of matter, which don’t gain or lose parts over time, are distinguished from individuals, which are typically constituted of different quantities of matter at different times. The proper treatment of the temporal aspect of the features of material objects is a central issue in this book, which is addressed by investigating the conditions governing the application of predicates relating time and other entities. Of particular interest here are relations between quantities of matter and times expressing substance kind, phase and mixture. Modal aspects of these features are taken up in the final chapter.
Leibniz And The Structure Of Sciences
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Author : Vincenzo De Risi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-01
Leibniz And The Structure Of Sciences written by Vincenzo De Risi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Science categories.
The book offers a collection of essays on various aspects of Leibniz’s scientific thought, written by historians of science and world-leading experts on Leibniz. The essays deal with a vast array of topics on the exact sciences: Leibniz’s logic, mereology, the notion of infinity and cardinality, the foundations of geometry, the theory of curves and differential geometry, and finally dynamics and general epistemology. Several chapters attempt a reading of Leibniz’s scientific works through modern mathematical tools, and compare Leibniz’s results in these fields with 19th- and 20th-Century conceptions of them. All of them have special care in framing Leibniz’s work in historical context, and sometimes offer wider historical perspectives that go much beyond Leibniz’s researches. A special emphasis is given to effective mathematical practice rather than purely epistemological thought. The book is addressed to all scholars of the exact sciences who have an interest in historical research and Leibniz in particular, and may be useful to historians of mathematics, physics, and epistemology, mathematicians with historical interests, and philosophers of science at large.
Substance And The Fundamentality Of The Familiar
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Author : Ross D. Inman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-12-14
Substance And The Fundamentality Of The Familiar written by Ross D. Inman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-14 with Philosophy categories.
Substance and the Fundamentality of the Familiar explicates and defends a novel neo-Aristotelian account of the structure of material objects. While there have been numerous treatments of properties, laws, causation, and modality in the neo-Aristotelian metaphysics literature, this book is one of the first full-length treatments of wholes and their parts. Another aim of the book is to further develop the newly revived area concerning the question of fundamental mereology, the question of whether wholes are metaphysically prior to their parts or vice versa. Inman develops a fundamental mereology with a grounding-based conception of the structure and unity of substances at its core, what he calls substantial priority, one that distinctively allows for the fundamentality of ordinary, medium-sized composite objects. He offers both empirical and philosophical considerations against the view that the parts of every composite object are metaphysically prior, in particular the view that ascribes ontological pride of place to the smallest microphysical parts of composite objects, which currently dominates debates in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind. Ultimately, he demonstrates that substantial priority is well-motivated in virtue of its offering a unified solution to a host of metaphysical problems involving material objects.
Mereology
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Author : A. J. Cotnoir
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-08
Mereology written by A. J. Cotnoir and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Is a whole something more than the sum of its parts? Are there things composed of the same parts? If you divide an object into parts, and divide those parts into smaller parts, will this process ever come to an end? Can something lose parts or gain new ones without ceasing to be the thing it is? Does any multitude of things (including disparate things such as you, this book, and the tail of a cat) compose a whole of some sort? Questions such as these have occupied us for at least as long as philosophy has existed. They define the field that has come to be known as mereology-the study of all relations of part to whole and of part to part within a whole-and have deep and far-reaching ramifications in metaphysics as well as in logic, the foundations of mathematics, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of science, and beyond. In Mereology, A. J. Cotnoir and Achille C. Varzi have compiled decades of advanced research into a comprehensive, up-to-date, and formally rigorous picture. The early chapters cover the more classical aspects of mereology; the rest of the book deals with variants and extensions. Whether you are an established professional philosopher, an interested student, or a newcomer, inside you will find all the tools you need to join this ever-evolving field of inquiry and theorize about all things mereological.
Logical Semiotics And Mereology
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Author : Richard M. Martin
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1992
Logical Semiotics And Mereology written by Richard M. Martin and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Literary Criticism categories.
The papers in this volume are concerned with a variety of vitally important topics in philosophical logic, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of science, and in the application of modern logic to wider philosophical problems. All of them make fundamental use, in one way or another, of logical semiotics, the modern trivium of systematic syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, and some of them, of mereology, the general theory of parts and whole. The book includes 20 articles, dealing with such subjects as 'Logical semiotics and logistic grammar', 'The semiotics of mathematical practice', 'Husserlian parts and wholes', 'Compound individuals and the languages of science', and discusses work of Geach, Lesniewski, Carnap, Peirce, and Quine.
Metaphysics And The Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Matthew H. Slater
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Metaphysics And The Philosophy Of Science written by Matthew H. Slater and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Philosophy categories.
This volume of new essays, written by leading philosophers of science, explores a broadly methodological question: what role should metaphysics play in our philosophizing about science? The essays address this question both through ground-level investigations of particular issues in the metaphysics of science and by more general methodological investigations.