Metabolic Analyses Of Ralstonia Solanacearum During Plant Pathogenesis
DOWNLOAD
Download Metabolic Analyses Of Ralstonia Solanacearum During Plant Pathogenesis PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Metabolic Analyses Of Ralstonia Solanacearum During Plant Pathogenesis book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Metabolic Analyses Of Ralstonia Solanacearum During Plant Pathogenesis
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tiffany Marie Lowe-Power
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Metabolic Analyses Of Ralstonia Solanacearum During Plant Pathogenesis written by Tiffany Marie Lowe-Power and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum infects host plants through the roots and then systemically colonizes the xylem vessels that transport water and minerals from the roots to shoots. Although xylem sap is dilute and nutrient poor, R. solanacearum thrives in xylem vessels and grows to over 10^9 CFU /g stem. The focus of my thesis research was to investigate metabolic adaptations that enable R. solanacearum success in plant hosts. A previous transcriptomic study found that in tomato xylem, R. solanacearum expresses many catabolic pathways that may contribute to R. solanacearum growth in the xylem, including two pathways that degrade the plant phenolic metabolites, hydroxycinnamic acids and salicylic acid. Hydroxycinnamic acids are plant phenolics that are directly antimicrobial and are also precursors of higher phenolics. To study the role of hydroxycinnamic acid degradation, I created an R. solanacearum mutant lacking the feruloyl-CoA synthase (fcs) that cannot degrade hydroxycinnamic acids. In vitro and in planta experiments with this mutant revealed that hydroxycinnamic acid degradation protected R. solanacearum from the toxicity of two hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Further, this catabolic capacity allowed the pathogen to grow on these two metabolites, as well as on the less-toxic ferulic acid. The fcs mutant had delayed growth in tomato roots, which moderately reduced its virulence on tomato plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone that primes plants to resist R. solanacearum. I found that expression of the SA degradation pathway was induced by SA itself but not by the pathway intermediate gentisic acid. To determine the role of SA degradation in bacterial wilt disease, I created R. solanacearum mutants that lacked either the first step in SA degradation (nagGH) or the entire pathway (nagAaGHAbIKL). Studies with these mutants demonstrated that SA degradation allowed R. solanacearum to grow on SA, protected the pathogen from SA toxicity, and contributed to R. solanacearum virulence on tobacco but not on tomato plants, which use gentisic acid as a defense signal. My final project used an untargeted metabolomics approach to understand how bacterial wilt disease changes xylem chemistry. I found that bacterial wilt disease increases concentrations of at least eight xylem nutrients that enabled R. solanacearum to grow better in ex vivo sap from infected plants than in sap from healthy plants. This helps explain the rapid growth of this pathogen in host xylem tissue. Second, my work revealed a novel R. solanacearum metabolic virulence strategy: the bacterium produces abundant quantities of the polyamine putrescine in the xylem. Applying exogenous putrescine to tomato plants before inoculation accelerated bacterial growth, bacterial spread, and wilt disease progression. Exogenous putrescine, which is not a bacterial nutrient, facilitated success of diverse R. solanacearum strains on tobacco and three different tomato lines. Moreover, putrescine was also increased in xylem sap of tomato plants infected with a fungal vascular pathogen, suggesting that this polyamine may play a general role in wilt disease development.
Virulence Related Functions Of Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism And Signaling In Ralstonia Solanacearum
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Virulence Related Functions Of Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism And Signaling In Ralstonia Solanacearum written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Ralstonia solanacearum, a Betaproteobacterium, causes bacterial wilt disease on hundreds of plant species. Pathogenic success of R. solanacearum is likely supported by diverse metabolic capacity, though it is not known what nutrients support its growth, survival, and virulence in the host. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses suggest that inorganic nitrogen may be important to R. solanacearum during infection. Here, I describe our investigations into the roles of nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide in R. solanacearum pathogenesis. During infection of tomato plant xylem vessels, R. solanacearum encounters high levels of nitrate and low levels of oxygen, which support both assimilatory and respiratory nitrate consumption. Nitrate assimilation supports wild-type extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, root attachment, virulence on tomato following soil soak inoculation, and xylem colonization. Nitrate respiration and denitrification support ATP production, growth, virulence, and detoxification of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during infection. RNS (nitrite and nitric oxide) are produced as a consequence of nitrate respiration and denitrification. These RNS are toxic to R. solanacearum at high concentrations when detoxification systems are disrupted. Although RNS are often produced by hosts to kill invading microbes, in the R. solanacearum-tomato plant interaction the largest contributor of RNS is the pathogen. Typically RNS are thought of as beneficial solely to the host. Here, I propose a beneficial role of RNS for R. solanacearum. My data suggest that like the host, R. solanacearum uses RNS as a signaling molecule important for its pathogenic interaction with plants. Additionally, I describe variations of inorganic nitrogen metabolic processes within the R. solanacearum species complex, which may have been shaped long ago by exposure to different environmental pressures. Furthermore, I describe my initial investigations into the roles of EPS in nitric oxide diffusion, inorganic nitrogen-mediated motility and biofilm development, and the regulatory interactions between each step of denitrification. Collectively, the work in this dissertation supports the hypothesis that inorganic nitrogen plays diverse roles in the R. solanacearum-plant interactions and deserves further dissection.
Bacterial Wilt Disease
DOWNLOAD
Author : Philippe Prior
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Bacterial Wilt Disease written by Philippe Prior and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Jointly published with INRA, Paris. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a very destructive plant disease that attacks over 450 different species, including many of the most important economic crop plants. Often endemic, the bacterium transmits through the soil, penetrates the plant root system and eventually causes irreversible wilting and death. This book summarizes the current information on bacterial wilt for both the basic research community and for concerned professionals who are faced with the disease in the field, offering the latest approaches to diagnosis and control of the disease. Emphasis is placed on integrated and biologically sustainable control methods. Also presented is the most recent genetic/biochemical research exploring the interaction between the bacterium and its plant host at the molecular level.
Ralstonia Solanacearum Plant Interactions Plant Defense Responses Virulence Mechanisms And Signaling Pathways
DOWNLOAD
Author : Yasufumi Hikichi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-05-27
Ralstonia Solanacearum Plant Interactions Plant Defense Responses Virulence Mechanisms And Signaling Pathways written by Yasufumi Hikichi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-27 with Science categories.
Recent Advancements In Microbial Diversity
DOWNLOAD
Author : Surajit de Mandal
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Recent Advancements In Microbial Diversity written by Surajit de Mandal and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Science categories.
Microorganisms are a major part of the Earth’s biological diversity. Although a lot of research has been done on microbial diversity, most of it is fragmented. This book creates the need for a unified text to be published, full of information about microbial diversity from highly reputed and impactful sources. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity brings a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in microbial diversity research focused on different bodily systems, such as the gut. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity also discusses how the application of advanced sequencing technologies is used to reveal previously unseen microbial diversity and show off its function. Gives insight into microbial diversity in different bodily systems Explains novel approaches to studying microbial diversity Highlights the use of omics to analyze the microbial community and its functional attributes Discusses the techniques used to examine microbial diversity, including their applications and respective strengths and weaknesses
Novel Approaches In Microbiome Analyses And Data Visualization
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jessica Galloway-Peña
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-02-06
Novel Approaches In Microbiome Analyses And Data Visualization written by Jessica Galloway-Peña and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-06 with categories.
High-throughput sequencing technologies are widely used to study microbial ecology across species and habitats in order to understand the impacts of microbial communities on host health, metabolism, and the environment. Due to the dynamic nature of microbial communities, longitudinal microbiome analyses play an essential role in these types of investigations. Key questions in microbiome studies aim at identifying specific microbial taxa, enterotypes, genes, or metabolites associated with specific outcomes, as well as potential factors that influence microbial communities. However, the characteristics of microbiome data, such as sparsity and skewedness, combined with the nature of data collection, reflected often as uneven sampling or missing data, make commonly employed statistical approaches to handle repeated measures in longitudinal studies inadequate. Therefore, many researchers have begun to investigate methods that could improve incorporating these features when studying clinical, host, metabolic, or environmental associations with longitudinal microbiome data. In addition to the inferential aspect, it is also becoming apparent that visualization of high dimensional data in a way which is both intelligible and comprehensive is another difficult challenge that microbiome researchers face. Visualization is crucial in both the analysis and understanding of metagenomic data. Researchers must create clear graphic representations that give biological insight without being overly complicated. Thus, this Research Topic seeks to both review and provide novels approaches that are being developed to integrate microbiome data and complex metadata into meaningful mathematical, statistical and computational models. We believe this topic is fundamental to understanding the importance of microbial communities and provides a useful reference for other investigators approaching the field.
Metal Containing Enzymes
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-11-24
Metal Containing Enzymes written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-24 with Science categories.
Published continuously since 1944, the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series is the essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins. Each thematically organized volume is guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. Describes advances in metal-containing enzymes Chapters are written by authorities in their field Targeted to a wide audience of researchers, specialists, and students The information provided in the volume is well supported by a number of high quality illustrations, figures, and tables
Plant Metabolomics In Full Swing
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-01-24
Plant Metabolomics In Full Swing written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-24 with Science categories.
Plant Metabolics, Volume 98, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of intriguing topics, including Developmental metabolomics to decipher and improve fleshy fruit quality, Specialized metabolites in seeds, Untangling plant immune responses through metabolomics, Plant metabolomics to the benefit of crop protection and growth stimulation, Metabolomics in plant-microbe interactions in the roots, A practical guide to implementing metabolomics in plant ecology and biodiversity research, Plant metabolomics and breeding, Plant genome-scale metabolic networks, Metabolite imaging by mass spectrometry: A new discovery tool, MS- and NMR-metabolomic tools for the discrimination of wines: Applications for authenticity Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Updated release includes the latest information on the Plant Metabolics
Plant Metabolomics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kazuki Saito
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-06-29
Plant Metabolomics written by Kazuki Saito and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-29 with Science categories.
Metabolomics – which deals with all metabolites of an organism – is a rapidly-emerging sector of post-genome research fields. It plays significant roles in a variety of fields from medicine to agriculture and holds a fundamental position in functional genomics studies and their application in plant biotechnology. This volume comprehensively covers plant metabolomics for the first time. The chapters offer cutting-edge information on analytical technology, bioinformatics and applications. They were all written by leading researchers who have been directly involved in plant metabolomics research throughout the world. Up-to-date information and future developments are described, thereby producing a volume which is a landmark of plant metabolomics research and a beneficial guideline to graduate students and researchers in academia, industry, and technology transfer organizations in all plant science fields.
Bacterial Wilt Disease And The Ralstonia Solanacearum Species Complex
DOWNLOAD
Author : Caitilyn Allen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Bacterial Wilt Disease And The Ralstonia Solanacearum Species Complex written by Caitilyn Allen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.
The bacterial wilt diseases caused by members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex have never been more important. The research presented in this volume reveals a pathogen on the move, with a growing global profile. While these diseases inflict ongoing and increasing crop losses on subsistence farmers, the pathogen now has significant political and economic impact in the developed world.This book, based on the 3rd International Bacterial Wilt Symposium, covers topics ranging from the basic biology of the host-pathogen interaction to applied research, designed to immediately address disease losses in the field. Contributors to the book span a broad range of applied and basic biologists. They work in all parts of the world, offering current data on sustainable low-tech disease control practices and on R. solanacearum as a model system for understanding molecular plant-microbe interactions.Bacterial Wilt Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex opens with two key reviews. One presents a thoughtful analysis of international collaborations on bacterial wilt research in the context of a review of literature published on the topic. The second is a global assessment of the current impact of bacterial wilt. Although there are still significant gaps in the data available, for the first time a general idea of the real impact and extent of these diseases around the world is presented.Topics covered in this resource include: epidemiology, disease management, breeding and deployment, host plant response and disease management, pathogen genetics, R. solanacearum in banana and plantains, and diversity and detection. Experts provide overviews focusing on the pressing research needs in each area. These overview chapters are intended to give the reader the best current understanding of the topic and to suggest promising directions for future research.Global Impact of R. solanacearum:R. solanacearum is a contentious topic in agricultural trade negotiations in the European Union and is subject to strict quarantine and eradication regulations in the United States. This legislation has had unforeseen economic impacts on laborers in developing nations where millions of ornamental plant cuttings are produced for the North American and European markets. In addition, reports at the 3rd International Bacterial Wilt Symposium indicated that the most rapid and alarming increases in bacterial wilt disease incidence around the world are on potatoes, bananas and plantains. More than ever, scientists who work with this pathogen must recognize that although bacterial wilt certainly can cause severe crop losses on a local scale, it also plays a complex and significant role in the worldwide agricultural matrix.