Metakaolin Based Geopolymers
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Metakaolin Based Geopolymers
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Author : Dongming Yan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Metakaolin Based Geopolymers written by Dongming Yan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Ein Unpartheiischer Blick Auf Europa An Einem Sch Nen Sommerabend Des 1793 Sten Jahres
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1793
Ein Unpartheiischer Blick Auf Europa An Einem Sch Nen Sommerabend Des 1793 Sten Jahres written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1793 with categories.
Geopolymers
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Author : J L Provis
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2009-06-22
Geopolymers written by J L Provis and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A geopolymer is a solid aluminosilicate material usually formed by alkali hydroxide or alkali silicate activation of a solid precursor such as coal fly ash, calcined clay and/or metallurgical slag. Today the primary application of geopolymer technology is in the development of reduced-CO2 construction materials as an alternative to Portland-based cements. Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials.Part one discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters on topics such as fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements, geopolymer precursor design, nanostructure/microstructure of metakaolin and fly ash geopolymers, and geopolymer synthesis kinetics. Part two reviews the manufacture and properties of geopolymers including accelerated ageing of geopolymers, chemical durability, engineering properties of geopolymer concrete, producing fire and heat-resistant geopolymers, utilisation of mining wastes and thermal properties of geopolymers. Part three covers applications of geopolymers with coverage of topics such as commercialisation of geopolymers for construction, as well as applications in waste management.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications is a standard reference for scientists and engineers in industry and the academic sector, including practitioners in the cement and concrete industry as well as those involved in waste reduction and disposal. Discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters covering fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements Assesses the application and commercialisation of geopolymers with particular focus on applications in waste management Reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials
Synthesis Of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer And Its Performance As Sole Stabilizer Of Expansive Soils
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Author : Rinu Ann Samuel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Synthesis Of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer And Its Performance As Sole Stabilizer Of Expansive Soils written by Rinu Ann Samuel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Inorganic polymers categories.
Expansive soils have been stabilized using conventional soil stabilizers such as lime and cement for many decades. These conventional stabilizers form cementitious productions that enhance the strength properties and reduce the swelling and shrinkage potential of expansive soils. However, the energy-intensive production operations of conventional soil stabilizers release substantial amounts of harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In addition, conventional soil stabilizers are also prone to durability issues, which make them somewhat ineffective as long-term solutions. Furthermore, the use of calcium-based stabilizers cause excessive swelling and shrinkage in sulfate-bearing subgrade soils due to the formation of highly expansive minerals like Ettringite. This study investigates the use of geopolymers as an alternative soil stabilizer for expansive soils. Geopolymers are alumino-silicate binders that have received much attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical additives. Geopolymers have high compressive strengths and can be processed at room temperatures from aqueous solutions by utilizing waste materials (e.g. fly ash) or abundant natural sources (e.g. clay). Geopolymers have been investigated by a few researchers for the purpose of soil stabilization, although most studies were performed on non-expansive soils and focused solely on the ability of geopolymers to enhance soil strength. This study evaluates the performance of a metakaolin-based geopolymer in enhancing strength/stiffness, volume change, and long-term performance characteristics of expansive soils. The objective of this research is to synthesize a metakaolin-based geopolymer and evaluate its efficiency as the sole binder to stabilize expansive soils. Two expansive soils from north Texas were obtained and treated with the in house synthesized metakaolin-based geopolymer at different dosages for different curing periods. The following tasks were outlined to accomplish the objectives of this research: (1) synthesize metakaolin-based geopolymer and treat expansive soils with three different dosages, (2) perform basic, chemical, engineering, and mineralogical testing of control and geopolymer-treated soils, (3) treat expansive soils with lime to compare with geopolymer treatment, (4) analyze test results to evaluate efficiency of geopolymer to improve expansive soils, and (5) assess and compare sustainability and resiliency benefits of geopolymer and lime treatment for expansive soils. Three dosages of the in-house synthesized metakaolin-based geopolymer was applied to both expansive soils and tested for different properties. The geopolymer dosages applied in this study are defined as the percentage weight of metakaolin in the geopolymer, with respect to the dry weight of soil to be treated. Geopolymer treatment was found to decrease the plasticity index of the expansive soils, with increasing dosage and curing period. Significant strength and stiffness enhancement was observed in geopolymer-treated soils. Negligible swelling and shrinkage potential were observed in soils treated with just low geopolymer dosages. Modified durability and leachability tests conducted revealed low strength loss in geopolymer-treated soils. Strength, swell, and modified durability test results of lime-treated soils were found to be comparable to results from geopolymer-treated soils. Microstructural studies provided insight into geopolymer gel formation that explains the enhanced macro-behavior of geopolymer-treated soils. Additionally, sustainability and resiliency assessment studies showed that geopolymers have a much lower impact on the environment than lime. Metakaolin-based geopolymers are evidently found to be quite efficient in stabilizing expansive soils. It is expected that the present research findings will be valuable for future investigations and design implementations of geopolymers as a more sustainable and 'green' alternative to conventional soil stabilizers.
Mechanical Properties Of Sodium And Potassium Activated Metakaolin Based Geopolymers
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Author : Hyunsoo Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Mechanical Properties Of Sodium And Potassium Activated Metakaolin Based Geopolymers written by Hyunsoo Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Geopolymers (GPs) are a new class of inorganic polymers that have been considered as good candidate materials for many applications, including fire resistant and refractory panels, adhesives, and coatings, waste encapsulation material, etc. The aim of this study is to establish relationship between structural and mechanical properties of geopolymers with different chemical compositions. The metakaolin-based geopolymers were prepared by mechanically mixing metakaolin and alkaline silicate aqueous solutions to obtain samples with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio that ranges from 2.5 to 5, and Na/Al or K/Al atomic ratios equal to 1. Geopolymer samples were cured in a laboratory oven at 80°C and ambient pressure for different times in the sealed containers. Structural characterization of the samples with different chemical compositions was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic-Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical characterization included Micro-indentation, Vickers indentation and fracture toughness measurement, as well as compressive testing. It was found that structure and mechanical properties of GPs depend on their chemical composition. The Na-GPs with ratio 3 have a highest compressive strength and Young's modulus of 39 MPa and 7.9 GPa, respectively. The results of mechanical testing are discussed in more detail in this thesis and linked to structural properties of processed geopolymers.
Metakaolin Based Geopolymers To Encapsulate Nuclear Waste
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Author : Carsten Künzel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Metakaolin Based Geopolymers To Encapsulate Nuclear Waste written by Carsten Künzel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This thesis investigates the potential use of geopolymers to encapsulate intermediate level waste (ILW), particularly Magnox swarf contaminated with Al metal and Cs/Sr-loaded clinoptilolite. Both wastes have different interactions with the encapsulation matrix. For Magnox swarf waste containing trace Al metal, the pH of the encapsulating matrix is a key factor that controls corrosion and release of hydrogen. Cs and Sr can leach from contaminated clinoptilolite into the encapsulating geopolymer and therefore the chemical interactions of these ions with the matrix have been investigated. A fundamental understanding of the geopolymer system used for encapsulation was developed. This involved investigating the influence of different precursor on the mechanical properties. It was shown showed that metakaolin based geopolymers are unstable at room temperature when in contact with an atmosphere with a low relative humidity and excessive drying shrinkage occurs. This shrinkage can be reduced by adding inert fillers which have low impact on the mortar viscosity and mechanical strength. Magnox waste and Al-metal have been encapsulated in metakaolin based geopolymers and surface interactions studied using SEM-EDX and XRD. In addition the corrosion rates were determined. Magnox swarf does not react with the geopolymers matrix, while Al-metal rapidly corrodes. However, by using a metakaolin with a low molar Si:Al ratio and controlling the molar Al:Na ratio in geopolymers the corrosion can be significantly reduced and allows encapsulation of this difficult waste stream. Surface reactions of Cs/Sr-contaminated clinoptilolite and geopolymers were also studied. Simulated wastes containing Cs+ and Sr2+ salts were mixed with geopolymers and the influence of the cations on the geopolymer microstructure and leaching were investigated. Mixing Cs/Sr-contaminated clinoptilolite with activation solution causes surface dissolution of clinoptilolite with release of Cs and Sr ions into the matrix. Leaching of Cs contaminated geopolymers showed that Cs+ ions can be immobilised at concentrations up to 10 wt%. Sr2+ reacts with the activating solution and dissolved metakaolin and is build chemically into the structure. The research has resulted in a number of key conclusions related to the stability of metakaolin derived geopolymers and their interactions with the selected wastes.
Study On Metakaolin Based Geopolymer And Its Use On Joining Alumina
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Author : 許正衍
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Study On Metakaolin Based Geopolymer And Its Use On Joining Alumina written by 許正衍 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Building Code Requirements For Structural Concrete Aci 318 05 And Commentary Aci 318r 05
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Author : ACI Committee 318
language : en
Publisher: American Concrete Institute
Release Date : 2005
Building Code Requirements For Structural Concrete Aci 318 05 And Commentary Aci 318r 05 written by ACI Committee 318 and has been published by American Concrete Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Law categories.
Structural Evolution And Ceramic Formation In Metakaolin Based Geopolymers
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Author : Jonathan Lee Bell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Structural Evolution And Ceramic Formation In Metakaolin Based Geopolymers written by Jonathan Lee Bell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Geopolymers are increasingly being considered in a variety of refractory applications and as precursors to ceramic formation. However, fundamental details regarding their structure, thermal stability, and crystallization on heating are not well understood. In this dissertation, the structural evolution and crystallization of 4SiO2•Al2O3• M2O•11H2O (where M = K, or Cs) composition geopolymers on heating was investigated.
A Practical Guide To Microstructural Analysis Of Cementitious Materials
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Author : Karen Scrivener
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-09
A Practical Guide To Microstructural Analysis Of Cementitious Materials written by Karen Scrivener and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A Practical Guide from Top-Level Industry Scientists As advanced teaching and training in the development of cementitious materials increase, the need has emerged for an up-to-date practical guide to the field suitable for graduate students and junior and general practitioners. Get the Best Use of Different Techniques and Interpretations of the Results This edited volume provides the cement science community with a state-of-the-art overview of analytical techniques used in cement chemistry to study the hydration and microstructure of cements. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique, not only describing the basic principles behind the technique, but also providing essential, practical details on its application to the study of cement hydration. Each chapter sets out present best practice, and draws attention to the limitations and potential experimental pitfalls of the technique. Databases that supply examples and that support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results strengthen a very valuable ready reference. Utilizing the day-to-day experience of practical experts in the field, this book: Covers sample preparation issues Discusses commonly used techniques for identifying and quantifying the phases making up cementitious materials (X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis) Presents good practice oncalorimetry and chemical shrinkage methods for studying cement hydration kinetics Examines two different applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state NMR and proton relaxometry) Takes a look at electron microscopy, the preeminent microstructural characterization technique for cementitious materials Explains how to use and interpret mercury intrusion porosimetry Details techniques for powder characterization of cementitious materials Outlines the practical application of phase diagrams for hydrated cements Avoid common pitfalls by using A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials. A one-of-a-kind reference providing the do’s and don’ts of cement chemistry, the book presents the latest research and development of characterisation techniques for cementitious materials, and serves as an invaluable resource for practicing professionals specializing in cement and concrete materials and other areas of cement and concrete technology.
