Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan
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Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan
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Author : Samuel Kirkland Lothrop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan written by Samuel Kirkland Lothrop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with Antiquities categories.
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan By Samuel Kirkland Lothrop With Sections By W C Root And Tatiana Proskouriakoff And An Appendix By William Harvey
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Author : W. C. Root
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan By Samuel Kirkland Lothrop With Sections By W C Root And Tatiana Proskouriakoff And An Appendix By William Harvey written by W. C. Root and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with categories.
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan
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Author : Samuel Kirkland Lothrop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan written by Samuel Kirkland Lothrop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with Chichén Itzá Site (Mexico) categories.
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice
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Author : S. K. Lothrop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974-01-01
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice written by S. K. Lothrop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974-01-01 with categories.
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chicken Itza Yucaten
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Author : Samuel Kirkland Lothrop
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Metals From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chicken Itza Yucaten written by Samuel Kirkland Lothrop and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with categories.
Cenote Of Sacrifice
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Author : Clemency Chase Coggins
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2014-10-03
Cenote Of Sacrifice written by Clemency Chase Coggins and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-03 with Social Science categories.
Chichén Itzá ("mouth of the well of the Itza") was one of the great centers of civilization in prehistoric America, serving between the eighth and twelfth centuries A.D. as a religious, economic, social, and political capital on the Yucatán Peninsula. Within the ancient city there were many natural wells or cenotes. One, within the ceremonial heart of the city, is an impressive natural feature with vertical limestone walls enclosing a deep pool of jade green water some eighty feet below ground level. This cenote, which gave the city its name, became a sacred shrine of Maya pilgrimage, described by one post-Conquest observer as similar to Jerusalem and Rome. Here, during the city's ascendancy and for centuries after its decline, the peoples of Yucatán consulted their gods and made ritual offerings of precious objects and living victims who were thought to receive prophecies. Although the well was described by Bishop Diego de Landa in the late sixteenth century, its contents were not known until the early 1900s when revealed by the work of Edward H. Thompson. Conducting excavations for the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, Thompson recovered almost thirty thousand artifacts, most ceremonially broken and many beautifully preserved by burial in the deep silt at the bottom of the well. The materials were sent to the Peabody Museum, where they remained, unexhibited, for over seventy years. In 1984, for the first time, nearly three hundred objects of gold, jade, copper, pottery, wood, copal, textile, and other materials from the collection were gathered into a traveling interpretive exhibition. No other archaeological exhibition had previously given this glimpse into Maya ritual life because no other collection had objects such as those found in the Sacred Cenote. Moreover, the objects from the Cenote come from throughout Mesoamerica and lower Central America, representing many artistic traditions. The exhibit and this, its accompanying catalog, marked the first time all of the different kinds of offerings have ever been displayed together, and the first time many have been published. Essays by Gordon R. Willey and Linnea H. Wren place the Cenote of Sacrifice and the great Maya city of Chichén Itzá within the larger context of Maya archaeology and history. The catalog entries, written by Clemency Chase Coggins, describe the objects displayed in the traveling exhibition. Some entries are brief descriptive statements; others develop short scholarly themes bearing on the function and interpretation of specific objects. Coggins' introductory essay describes how the objects were collected by Thompson and how the exhibition collection has been studied to reveal the periods of Cenote ritual and the changing practices of offering to the Sacred Cenote.
Artifacts From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan
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Author : Clemency Coggins
language : en
Publisher: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University Publications Department
Release Date : 1992
Artifacts From The Cenote Of Sacrifice Chichen Itza Yucatan written by Clemency Coggins and has been published by Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University Publications Department this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Social Science categories.
In this volume, specialists analyze the great variety of objects found in the Well of Sacrifice and debate whether they represent evidence of dateable prehistorical ritual. The collection includes the rare remains of hundreds of textiles, wooden objects, and copal incense offerings, as well as lithics, ceramics, and bone and shell artifacts.
The Metals From The Cenote Sagrado Chich N Itz As Windows On Technological And Depositional Communities
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Author : Bryan Cockrell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Metals From The Cenote Sagrado Chich N Itz As Windows On Technological And Depositional Communities written by Bryan Cockrell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This project is the first to reconcile metals recovered from the Cenote Sagrado at Chichén Itzá, Mexico from three museums in the US and Mexico in which Cenote objects are held. 148 of these metals were characterized through archaeometric studies. Through non-invasive and nondestructive analyses, this project involved the documentation of individual metals, including bells, sandals, and figurines, searched for patterning across the assemblage to identify distinct technological styles, and then compared data to published literature to determine the metallurgical communities in Mesoamerica and Lower Central America indexed by these styles. After performing a visual inspection of each object with a magnifying glass and recording measurements with calipers, optical microscopy with visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light was then employed to comprehensively document object surfaces. Bulk compositions were evaluated with portable-Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry. After carrying out these analyses in museum storerooms, with the permission of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 15 objects were brought to laboratories in New York for finer-resolution studies, including synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, which permitted the evaluation of artificial enrichments on the metals. The assemblage consists of copper-based objects, including bronzes of arsenic and/or tin as well as brass, and tumbaga, a metal containing gold, silver, and copper. Many show post-fabrication alteration, including indentation, tearing, and wrinkling, practices that may have taken place in ritualized deposition. Two zoomorphic bells were hammered to shape after their lost-wax casting. Two sandals were artificially enriched in silver and gold through electrochemical replacement gilding. Reconciliation of the data with pre-existing literature reveals the contributions of metallurgists in Guerrero and Michoacán (axe-monies), the Tarascan state (tweezers), Veraguas/Chiriquí (anthropomorphic figurines), and Gran Coclé (rolled tubes) to the Cenote deposit. The documentation of sandals in 16th-century literature and the presence of brass suggest that the deposition was developed through connections to the Mexica tributary system and through the working of metal imported from Europe, thus, centuries after the main occupation of Chichén (8th-11th century AD). Experimental lost-wax casting and hammering has allowed for exploration of metallurgy as a performative and fully embodied practice and to recognize that the individuals who altered the objects after their fabrication were themselves metallurgists, enacting technical knowledge.
New Perspectives On Human Sacrifice And Ritual Body Treatments In Ancient Maya Society
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Author : Vera Tiesler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-02-15
New Perspectives On Human Sacrifice And Ritual Body Treatments In Ancient Maya Society written by Vera Tiesler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-15 with Social Science categories.
This book examines Maya sacrifice and related posthumous body manipulation. The editors bring together an international group of contributors from the area studied: archaeologists as well as anthropologists, forensic anthropologists, art historians and bioarchaeologists. This interdisciplinary approach provides a comprehensive perspective on these sites as well as the material culture and biological evidence found there
Analysis Of Ancient Metals
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Author : Earle R. Caley
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Analysis Of Ancient Metals written by Earle R. Caley and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Analysis of Ancient Metals provides a guide to the identification and analysis of ancient metals and alloys. The title details the various analytical methods and procedures in dealing with different metals and alloys. The text first discusses the heterogeneity of ancient metals and the sampling problem, and then proceeds to covering preliminary observations and measurements, qualitative tests, and choice of quantitative method. The next series of chapters details the methods and procedures in the analysis of gold, silver, copper, iron, and steel, as well as various nonferrous metals. The last chapter discusses the concerns in reporting the findings. The book will be of great interest to materials engineers and metallurgists. Archeologists and museologists will also greatly benefit from the text.