Methane Emissions In Livestock And Rice Systems
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Methane Emissions In Livestock And Rice Systems
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-09-25
Methane Emissions In Livestock And Rice Systems written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-25 with Social Science categories.
Addressing methane emissions from livestock and rice systems is vital for promoting sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change. This FAO report comprehensively addresses methane emissions in agriculture and their impact on global greenhouse gas levels. By analysing sources, sinks, quantification methods, and mitigation strategies, this publication highlights challenges and opportunities to reduce methane emissions from livestock and rice production systems.
Methane Emissions From Major Rice Ecosystems In Asia
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Author : Reiner Wassmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Methane Emissions From Major Rice Ecosystems In Asia written by Reiner Wassmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Rice production is affected by changing climate conditions and has the dual role of contributing to global warming through emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. Climate change has been recognized as a major threat to the global environment. Because of insufficient field data, rice-growing countries face a problem when trying to comply with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change stipulations to compile a national inventory of emissions and to explore mitigation options. Given the expected doubling in rice production in Asia, the need to evaluate the interaction between climate change and rice production is critical to forming a sound basis for future directions of technology developments by policy makers, agriculturists, environmentalists, rice producers, and rice consumers. The present book comprises two sections. The first part documents a comprehensive overview of the results achieved from an interregional research effort to quantify methane emission from major rice ecosystems and to identify efficient mitigation options. This research report broadens understanding of the contribution of rice cultivation to methane emissions and clarifies that emissions are relatively low, except in specific rice ecosystems, and that these high emissions could be ameliorated without sacrificing yield. The second section shows results from other projects that investigated the role of rice cultivators in field and laboratory approaches. The findings represent inputs for future modeling approaches in the role of rice cultivators. The expanded database generated by other projects is reflected in modeling efforts.
Quantification And Mitigation Strategies To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Livestock Production Systems
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Author : Mizeck Chagunda
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-06-17
Quantification And Mitigation Strategies To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Livestock Production Systems written by Mizeck Chagunda and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-17 with Science categories.
Ruminants contribute significantly to human food security. However, the production of ruminants contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for climate change. GHGs such as methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are produced from different processes of ruminant production. Ruminant enteric methane is a substantial component of methane produced by agriculture. This book presents novel and established methods in quantifying and reducing enteric methane emission from ruminants in different production systems. The book covers different types of ruminants including cattle, sheep, and goats. The chapters are contributed by scientists and authors from different parts of the world, demonstrating the importance of this problem and the universal drive for immediate and sustainable solutions. Although, biologically speaking, the production of enteric methane cannot be reduced to zero, high emissions are an indicator of inefficient digestion of feed in the rumen and low utilisation of feed energy. By presenting research that could lead to robust and yet practical quantification methods and mitigation strategies, this book not only contributes to the discourse and new knowledge on the magnitude of the problem but also brings forward potential solutions in different livestock production systems.
Reducing Methane Emissions From Livestock
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Author : Michael J. Gibbs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Reducing Methane Emissions From Livestock written by Michael J. Gibbs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Air categories.
Methane And Climate Change
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Author : Dave Reay
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-08-12
Methane And Climate Change written by Dave Reay and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-12 with Nature categories.
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is estimated to be responsible for approximately one-fifth of man-made global warming. Per kilogram, it is 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time horizon -- and global warming is likely to enhance methane release from a number of sources. Current natural and man-made sources include many where methane-producing micro-organisms can thrive in anaerobic conditions, particularly ruminant livestock, rice cultivation, landfill, wastewater, wetlands and marine sediments. This timely and authoritative book provides the only comprehensive and balanced overview of our current knowledge of sources of methane and how these might be controlled to limit future climate change. It describes how methane is derived from the anaerobic metabolism of micro-organisms, whether in wetlands or rice fields, manure, landfill or wastewater, or the digestive systems of cattle and other ruminant animals. It highlights how sources of methane might themselves be affected by climate change. It is shown how numerous point sources of methane have the potential to be more easily addressed than sources of carbon dioxide and therefore contribute significantly to climate change mitigation in the 21st century.
Quantification And Mitigation Strategies To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Livestock Production Systems
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Author : Mizeck Chagunda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Quantification And Mitigation Strategies To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Livestock Production Systems written by Mizeck Chagunda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Ruminants contribute significantly to human food security. However, the production of ruminants contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for climate change. GHGs such as methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are produced from different processes of ruminant production. Ruminant enteric methane is a substantial component of methane produced by agriculture. This book presents novel and established methods in quantifying and reducing enteric methane emission from ruminants in different production systems. The book covers different types of ruminants including cattle, sheep, and goats. The chapters are contributed by scientists and authors from different parts of the world, demonstrating the importance of this problem and the universal drive for immediate and sustainable solutions. Although, biologically speaking, the production of enteric methane cannot be reduced to zero, high emissions are an indicator of inefficient digestion of feed in the rumen and low utilisation of feed energy. By presenting research that could lead to robust and yet practical quantification methods and mitigation strategies, this book not only contributes to the discourse and new knowledge on the magnitude of the problem but also brings forward potential solutions in different livestock production systems.
Methods For Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances And Evaluating Mitigation Options In Smallholder Agriculture
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Author : Todd S. Rosenstock
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-23
Methods For Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances And Evaluating Mitigation Options In Smallholder Agriculture written by Todd S. Rosenstock and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.
Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Livestock Production
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Author : Pierre J. Gerber
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 2013
Mitigation Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Nature categories.
The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
Tropical Agriculture In Transition Opportunities For Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Author : Reiner Wassmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Tropical Agriculture In Transition Opportunities For Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Reiner Wassmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Production from tropical agricultural systems will need to increase to satisfy the rising food demand of an increasing population coupled with changes in consumption patterns. At the same time, the agricultural sector is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) in many developing countries, which can be attributed mainly to land-use change and methane emissions from rice and livestock. But how can we reconcile less GHG emissions from tropical agricultural systems while increasing productivity? Due to the interactive nature of these issues, this book is compiled of articles on natural resource management, as well as the socio-economic aspects of GHG mitigation. The scope of mitigation options in tropical agriculture is discussed for three different activities: (a) agroforestry; (b) rice-based production systems; (c) pasture/animal husbandry. Agronomic solutions alone will not be sufficient, as the institutional and economic frameworks within which farmers operate dictate whether a recommended agronomic management practice is acceptable. The prevention of deforestation, and the re-forestation of degraded land, could become key elements to national climate protection programs of some developing countries. Alternative management practices in rice-based and pasture systems may offer win-win options to reduce emissions and improve resource-use efficiencies.
Methane Emission From Wetland Rice Fields
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Author : H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Methane Emission From Wetland Rice Fields written by H. A. C. Denier van der Gon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Agricultural pollution categories.
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and plays a key role in tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Wetland rice fields are an important source of methane, accounting for approximately 20% of the global anthropogenic methane emission. Methane fluxes from wetland rice fields in the Philippines were monitored with a closed chamber technique in close cooperation with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The field studies were complemented by laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Up to 90 % of the methane emitted from a rice field may be transported from soil to atmosphere through the rice plant. It was shown that this plant-mediated transport is diffusion controlled. Methane emitted from a rice field is the net effect of methane production and methane oxidation. Methane oxidation in the rice rhizosphere depended on the growth stage of the rice plant and becomes of much less importance when the rice plant reaches the ripening stage. Maximum rhizospheric methane oxidation efficiency observed was about 30%, which is much lower than the 70-90% estimated from indirect measurements in previous studies. A higher percentage of oxygen in the air resulted in lower methane emission indicating that breeding rice cultivars that transport more oxygen to their rhizosphere may be a promising mitigation option. Field studies with several soil related factors that influence methane emission were conducted; salinity, sulfate availability, organic amendments and soil types. Organic amendments strongly stimulated methane emission. The impact of organic amendments on methane emission can be described by a dose-response curve. This approach proofed successful for data from various locations of the world. Salinity partly inhibited methane production but methane oxidation in the salt-amended plot was even more inhibited, indicating that a reduction in CH4 production does not necessarily cause a proportional reduction in CH4 emission. This illustrates the importance of both production and oxidation of methane when designing mitigation strategies to reduce methane emission. Different soil types had different methane emission levels. Wetland rice fields on saline, low-sulfate soils emit less methane than comparable non-saline rice fields. On soils high in sulfate or amended with large amounts of sulfate containing substances, methane emissions are reduced even more. Continuous monitoring of methane fluxes showed that upon soil drying considerable amounts of soil-entrapped methane may be released. In previous monitoring studies these periods were not included, which may cause an underestimation of, total seasonal emission by 10-15%.