Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling
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Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
The main objectives of this work are to quantify and compare intra- and inter-vehicle variability in fuel use and emissions and to develop capabilities of measuring and estimating fuel use and emissions at the micro-scale. This dissertation developed methodology to achieve the objectives, including experimental design for on-road data collection using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), road grade estimation, evaluation of measurement accuracy, quantification of intra- and inter-vehicle variability in emissions, and micro-scale emissions modeling. A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)-based method for road grade estimation was shown to be accurate and reliable. Measurement accuracy on a trip or mode basis was shown to be adequate. Routes, drivers, road grade, and time of day are significant sources of intra-vehicle variability. Significant inter-vehicle variability in emissions was observed, although only a small number of vehicles were tested and all belong to the same vehicle class. Thus, for accurate emission inventory development, both intra- and inter-vehicle variability should be taken into account. Consecutive averages were used for micro-scale emissions modeling to account for the response time of the PEMS. Choice of averaging time determines the model spatial and temporal resolution of prediction. Models for all pollutants are generally accurate, and precise in fuel use and CO2 emission estimation and moderately precise for other pollutants for various averaging times. Furthermore, models are capable of capturing the micro-scale events in emissions. Thus, the modeling schemes developed here can be used for a variety of applications including identification of the hotspots in emissions, transportation improvement programs on a corridor or intersection level, and more representative and accurate regional emission inventories development.
Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling
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Author : Kaishan Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Micro Scale On Road Vehicle Specific Emissions Measurement And Modeling written by Kaishan Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Keywords: vehicle emissions, emissions modeling, road grade, response time, emissions measurements.
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-08-14
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-14 with Science categories.
The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements
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Author : Nikolaos Tsanakas
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-24
Emission Estimation Based On Traffic Models And Measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-24 with categories.
Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
1 2
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Author : 蘇振維等
language : zh-CN
Publisher: 中華民國政府出版品
Release Date : 2011-08-01
1 2 written by 蘇振維等 and has been published by 中華民國政府出版品 this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-01 with categories.
為落實推動運輸部門節約能源與減少溫室氣體排放量各項行動方案，本所於近年著手發展車輛動態(行進間)能耗排放與永續運輸規劃關聯模式。希藉由強化運輸部門基線資料庫，逐步修正國內耗油率及排放係數相關資料，建立運輸活動與能耗排放之關聯，以期將此兩大環境永續層面之議題納入評估體系。 為強化運輸計畫評估體系之完整性，本計畫以96-98年能耗排放與運輸規劃作業關聯，以及小客車動態能耗排放推估模式為基礎，為有效明確評估運具移轉對於道路服務績效及能耗排放之影響，99年度的研究目的為蒐集調查大客車之動態能耗排放特性，並以此實測資料建構大客車動態之能耗排放推估模式雛型，後續應用時可搭配交通模擬、運輸規劃模式等，進行方案間之評估，提供運輸部門決策參考。預計本計畫可應用於運輸建設的政策評估，探討運輸建設投入情境下之節能減碳效果。 本(99)年度計畫具體研究成果如下： 1.本計畫於車載設備技術相對成熟之際，於國內首次進行大客車於實際道路運行之能耗/排放研究，凸顯在研究創新層面的努力。所蒐集的龐大資料可驗證推估模式之有效性並與國外資料相比較。 2.本計畫根據蒐集的臺北—羅東國道客運運行瞬時資料，建立了國內第一套之能耗/排放隨道路類型、隨車速轉換曲線。 此外，本計畫下一年度將繼續蒐集市區公車運行瞬時資料，以完成國內大客車能耗/排放推估模式，預期將可應用於運輸政策的節能減碳效果評估。
Measurement And Modeling Of The Activity Energy And Emissions Of Conventional And Alternative Vehicles
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Measurement And Modeling Of The Activity Energy And Emissions Of Conventional And Alternative Vehicles written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Since the transportation sector is a significant contributor of air pollution, the capabilities of estimating fuel use and emissions for various vehicles is important to air quality studies as well as the development of environmental guidelines and policy recommendations. In this thesis, a common or similar modeling approach based on second-by-second data using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was developed to estimate energy and emission estimation for a wide variety of on-road and non-road sources with conventional and alternative technology. Based on vehicle-specific power (VSP) and speed-acceleration modal models, two correction factors were developed to estimate fuel consumption and emissions for vehicles which were driven with high and constant speed on highway. The corrected emission factors for NOx, HC, CO, and CO2 were significantly higher for high speeds and lower for low speeds than base emission factors estimated using MOBILE6 which is based on transient test cycles with durations on the order of 10 minutes. A similar methodology was used to estimate energy use and emissions for a plug-in hybrid diesel-electric school bus (PHSB) and conventional diesel school bus (CDSB) for typical school bus routes in NC. To quantify the reduction of fuel use and emissions between PHSB and CDSB for same driving routes, the mixed-modal models based on manifold absolute pressure and VSP versus emissions were developed. Plug-in hybrid technology showed significant emission reductions for stop-and-go driving pattern. These results could provide a support for transportation and air quality management. This thesis also introduces a simplified emission estimation methodology for locomotives based on rail-yard measurements using PEMS. This alternative measurement method is faster and cheaper than a federal reference method (FRM). The fuel-based emission rates based on PEMS measurement were comparable to FRM. It should serve as a useful basis of comparison to data in.
Microscale Emissions Modeling System
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Author : Jeffrey Brian Gerfen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Microscale Emissions Modeling System written by Jeffrey Brian Gerfen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Automobiles categories.
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-07-14
Modeling Mobile Source Emissions written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-14 with Science categories.
The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Emissions Modeling And Implentation Into Corsim
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Author : Jack Hulsberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Emissions Modeling And Implentation Into Corsim written by Jack Hulsberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Transportation accounts for much of the world's energy use and emissions. Transportation professionals are becoming more and more concerned about air quality, and there needs to be an accurate way to predict emissions on a micro-scale basis. This project used the traffic micro-simulation program, CORSIM, and it changed the way that CORSIM predicts emissions. CORSIM currently uses lookup tables for fuel use and emissions. The program looks up the speed, acceleration, and road grade for every second and assigns an emissions value to each vehicle for each second. The data for these values come from research conducted in the 1980's. Also, CORSIM does not account for cold starts, which can contribute to up to 40% of trip-based emissions. In this project, the current emissions and fuel use estimation method was replaced by the vehicle specific power (VSP) method. In this method, the VSP, which is a measure of engine load, was calculated for each second for every vehicle in the simulation. VSP was separated into 14 different modes, and CORSIM assigned emissions and fuel use rates based on which VSP mode the vehicle was in. The CORSIM code was also expanded to account for cold starts. The VSP method was verified using code written in C♯, and the cold start method was easily verifiable by hand calculations. Users of CORSIM will now be able to view emissions that are coming from data that is much more up to date, and addition of the cold start method will prevent CORSIM from underestimating emissions on networks with many cold starts.
Traffic Related Air Pollution
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Author : Haneen Khreis
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-08-20
Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-20 with Transportation categories.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects