Microbial Connections Between The Subsurface Sulfur Cycle And Other Elemental Cycles
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Microbial Connections Between The Subsurface Sulfur Cycle And Other Elemental Cycles
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Author : Alexandra V. Turchyn
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-11-16
Microbial Connections Between The Subsurface Sulfur Cycle And Other Elemental Cycles written by Alexandra V. Turchyn and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-16 with categories.
Sulfur has many redox states and is a major metabolite in suboxic and anaerobic environments including, but not restricted to, marine and marginal marine sediments, the water column of oxygen minimum zones, salt marshes and oil wells. Microbially mediated redox cycling of sulfur typically comprises dissimilatory sulfate reduction (MSR), sulfide reoxidation, disproportionation and the oxidation and reduction of sulfur redox intermediates. These processes contribute to the degradation of organic matter, link the cycles of sulfur and carbon, control the production and consumption of methane and are critical for the long term budget of O2 in the atmosphere. Microbial and abiotic processes at redox interfaces also connect the sulfur cycle to the redox cycles of nitrogen, iron and other elements, producing distinctive geochemical and molecular signatures. Studies that couple microbiology with stable isotope geochemistry have informed interpretations of microbial sulfur cycling in modern and past environments. Laboratory-based studies and models of MSR have sought to understand the physiological and environmental controls of the magnitude of sulfur isotope fractionation. The fractionations of stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes during MSR are also used to track enzymatic activity during MSR and processes that oxidize sulfide in the presence of environmental oxidants. Outstanding questions in the field concern the importance of oxidative processes within the natural environment, the delivery of oxidants and carbon sources to the zones of sulfate reduction and the ability to detect or reconstruct oxidative processes from the chemical, isotopic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomics profiles in the environment. Recent studies have emphasized the complex connections between sulfur and methane, iron, nitrogen and other elements. These links may involve the redox cycling of species that occur at concentrations difficult to detect by standard geochemical techniques or that are cycled at very rapid rates (cryptic cycles). Of particular interest is the use of isotope geochemistry to quantify links among various electron acceptors, including sulfate, ferric iron, and nitrate, during the anaerobic methane oxidation. For example, recent geochemical measurements have hinted that microbial sulfate reduction coupled to organic matter oxidation is mechanistically different to when sulfate reduction is coupled to methane oxidation. Recent studies have also suggested a possible contribution of a number of previously uncultured microbial groups in sulfur cycling in sulfidic environments, inspiring further studies of these organisms and their partnerships in anaerobic environments. This Research Topic highlights studies of microbial interactions, processes and communities that couple the sulfur cycle to the cycles of other elements in aphotic environments.
The Microbiology Of Nuclear Waste Disposal
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Author : Jonathan R. Lloyd
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-10-22
The Microbiology Of Nuclear Waste Disposal written by Jonathan R. Lloyd and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-22 with Science categories.
The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified. Encompasses expertise from both the bio and geo disciplines, aiming to foster important collaborations across this disciplinary divide Includes reviews and research papers from leading groups in the field Provides helpful guidance in light of plans progressing worldwide for geological disposal facilities Includes timely research for planning and safety case development
Ecological Distribution Functional Diversity And The Biogeochemical Cycle Of Microorganisms In Karst
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Author : Hongchen Jiang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-09-06
Ecological Distribution Functional Diversity And The Biogeochemical Cycle Of Microorganisms In Karst written by Hongchen Jiang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-06 with Science categories.
The Microbial Sulfur Cycle
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Author : Martin G. Klotz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2011-12-01
The Microbial Sulfur Cycle written by Martin G. Klotz and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-01 with categories.
Sulfur is the tenth most abundant element in the universe and the sixth most abundant element in microbial biomass. By virtue of its chemical properties, particularly the wide range of stable redox states, sulfur plays a critical role in central biochemistry as a structural element, redox center, and carbon carrier. In addition, redox reactions involving reduced and oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds can be utilized by microbes for the generation and conservation of biochemical energy. Microbial transformation of both inorganic and organic sulfur compounds has had a profound effect on the properties of the biosphere and continues to affect geochemistry today. For these reasons, we present here a collection of articles from the leading edge of the field of sulfur microbiology, focusing on reactions and compounds of geochemical significance.
Astrobiology At The Interface Interactions Between Biospheres Geospheres Hydrospheres And Atmospheres Under Planetary Conditions
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Author : Tetyana Milojevic
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-03-23
Astrobiology At The Interface Interactions Between Biospheres Geospheres Hydrospheres And Atmospheres Under Planetary Conditions written by Tetyana Milojevic and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-23 with Science categories.
The Topic Editors would like to acknowledge Dr. Yuko Kawaguchi for her contribution in designing and organizing this editorial project.
Allies And Enemies
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Author : Anne Maczulak
language : en
Publisher: FT Press
Release Date : 2010-07-08
Allies And Enemies written by Anne Maczulak and has been published by FT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-08 with Education categories.
Bacteria are invisible, mysterious, deadly, self-sufficient…and absolutely essential for all life, including yours. No other living things combine their elegant simplicity with their incredibly complex role: Bacteria keep us alive, supply our food, and regulate our biosphere. We can’t live a day without them, and no chemical, antibiotic, or irradiation has ever successfully eradicated them. They’re our partners, like it or not--even though some of them will happily kill us. Allies and Enemies tells the story of this amazing, intimate partnership. Authored by Anne Maczulak, a microbiologist who’s hunted and worked with an extraordinary array of bacteria, this book offers a powerful new perspective on Earth’s oldest creatures. You’ll discover how bacteria work, how they evolve, their surprising contributions and uses, the roles they’ve played in human history, and why you can't survive without them. No form of life is more important, and in Maczulak’s hands, none is more fascinating. Outlasted, outnumbered, outsmarted They’ve been here four billion years--and they even outnumber you in your own body How bacteria keep you alive… …and how to keep them from killing you “Humans Defeat Germs!” But not for long… The Invisible Universe The stunning hidden relationships between bacteria and the rest of nature
Sulfur Biogeochemistry
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Author : Jan P. Amend
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2004
Sulfur Biogeochemistry written by Jan P. Amend and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia Of Caves
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Author : William B. White
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-05-10
Encyclopedia Of Caves written by William B. White and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-10 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of Caves, Third Edition, provides detailed background information to anyone with a serious interest in caves. This includes students, both undergraduate and graduate, in the earth, biological and environmental sciences, and consultants, environmental scientists, land managers and government agency staff whose work requires them to know something about caves and the biota that inhabit them. Caves touch on many scientific interests in geology, climate science, biology, hydrology, archaeology, and paleontology, as well as more popular interests in sport caving and cave exploration. Case studies and descriptions of specific caves selected for their special features and public interest are also included. This book will appeal to these audiences by providing in-depth essays written by expert authors chosen for their expertise in their assigned subject. Features 14 new chapters and 13 completely rewritten chapters Contains beautifully illustrated content, with more than 500 color images of cave life and features Provides extensive bibliographies that allow readers to access their subject of interest in greater depth
Extremophilic Microbial Processing Of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks To Biofuels Value Added Products And Usable Power
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Author : Rajesh K. Sani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-02
Extremophilic Microbial Processing Of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks To Biofuels Value Added Products And Usable Power written by Rajesh K. Sani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-02 with Science categories.
This book presents a review and in-depth analyses of improved biotechnological processes emphasizing critical aspects and challenges of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into biofuels and value-added products especially using extremophiles and recombinant microorganisms. The book specifically comprises extremophilic production of liquid and gaseous biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, biohydrogen, and biogas) as well as value added products (e.g. single cell protein, hydrocarbons, lipids, exopolysaccharides, and polyhydroxyalkanoates). The book also provides the knowledge on how to develop safe, more efficient, sustainable, and economical integrated processes for enhanced conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to liquid and gaseous biofuels. Finally the book describes how to perform the techno-economical and life-cycle assessments of new integrated processes involving extremophiles. These modeling exercises are critical in addressing any deficiencies associated with the demonstration of an integrated biofuels and value-added products production process at pilot scale as well as demonstration on the commercialization scale.
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria And Archaea
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Author : Larry L. Barton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-17
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria And Archaea written by Larry L. Barton and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-17 with Science categories.
The abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea (SRBA) is impressive and new isolates are being reported continuously. A few decades ago, only two genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) had been identified. As of 2018, 92 genera containing more than 420 species of SRB have been isolated and characterized and there are several species of archaea. This book addresses the development of the research with SRBA and includes historical background of this field. Biochemical characterization of the enzymes, cytochromes and electron carriers involved with dissimilatory sulfate reduction are reviewed and the presence of relevant genes in cultured and uncultured SRBA are assessed using genome analysis. The contributions of transmembrane electron transport complexes as related to cell energetics are discussed. This book highlights the unique cellular and molecular features of the SRBA and discusses the biochemical interactions behind their metabolic capabilities which enable SRBA to grow in extreme environments. Examples are provided to detoxify and alleviate pollution situations, to evaluate mechanisms proposed for corrosion of ferrous metals and to examine the effects of SRB on human and animal hosts.