Microbial Versatility In Varied Environments
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Microbial Versatility In Varied Environments
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Author : Raghvendra Pratap Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-09
Microbial Versatility In Varied Environments written by Raghvendra Pratap Singh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-09 with Science categories.
The book compiles the latest studies on microorganisms thriving in extreme conditions. Microbes have been found in extremely high and low temperatures, highly acidic to saline conditions, from deserts to the Dead sea, from hot-springs to underwater hydrothermal vents- the diversity is incredible. The various chapters highlight the microbial life and describe the mechanisms of tolerance to these harsh conditions, and show how an understanding of these phenomena can help us exploit the microbes in biotechnology. The theme of the book is highly significant since life in these environments can give vital clues about the origin and evolution of life on earth, as a lot of these conditions simulate the environment present billions of years ago. Additionally, the study of adaptation and survival of organisms in such environments can be important for finding life on other planets. This book shall be useful for students, researchers and course instructors interested in evolution, microbial adaptations and ecology in varied environments.
Microbial Life In The Cryosphere And Its Feedback On Global Change
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Author : Susanne Liebner
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Microbial Life In The Cryosphere And Its Feedback On Global Change written by Susanne Liebner and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Science categories.
The cryosphere stands for environments where water appears in a frozen form. It includes permafrost, glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice and is currently more affected by Global Change than most other regions of the Earth. In the cryosphere, limited water availability and subzero temperatures cause extreme conditions for all kind of life which microorganisms can cope with extremely well. The cryosphere’s microbiota displays an unexpectedly large genetic potential, and taxonomic as well as functional diversity which, however, we still only begin to map. Also, microbial communities influence reaction patterns of the cryosphere towards Global Change. Altered patterns of seasonal temperature fluctuations and precipitation are expected in the Arctic and will affect the microbial turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Activation of nutrients by thawing and increased active layer thickness as well as erosion renders nutrient stocks accessible to microbial activities. Also, glacier melt and retreat stimulate microbial life in turn influencing albedo and surface temperatures. In this context, the functional resilience of microbial communities in the cryosphere is of major interest. Particularly important is the ability of microorganisms and microbial communities to respond to changes in their surroundings by intracellular regulation and population shifts within functional niches, respectively. Research on microbial life exposed to permanent freeze or seasonal freeze-thaw cycles has led to astonishing findings about microbial versatility, adaptation, and diversity. Microorganisms thrive in cold habitats and new sequencing techniques have produced large amounts of genomic, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic data that allow insights into the fascinating microbial ecology and physiology at low and subzero temperatures. Moreover, some of the frozen ecosystems such as permafrost constitute major global carbon and nitrogen storages, but can also act as sources of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. In this book we summarize state of the art knowledge on whether environmental changes are met by a flexible microbial community retaining its function, or if the altered conditions also render the community in a state of altered properties that affect the Earth’s element cycles and climate. This book brings together research on the cryosphere’s microbiota including permafrost, glaciers, and sea ice in Arctic and Antarctic regions. Different spatial scales and levels of complexity are considered, spanning from ecosystem level to pure culture studies of model microbes in the laboratory. It aims to attract a wide range of parties with interest in the effect of climate change and/or low temperatures on microbial nutrient cycling and physiology.
Microbial Diversity In Asia Technology And Prospects
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Author : Been Hen Nga
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2001-08-29
Microbial Diversity In Asia Technology And Prospects written by Been Hen Nga and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-29 with Science categories.
Diversity of microbial forms in nature allows the discovery of new microorganisms that produce different types of bioactive compounds including some which may have specific physiological effects in animals. Asian countries possess numerous pristine and exotic locations for the isolation of new species of microorganisms. Research activities in such sciences have only recently been embarked upon by microbiologists from Asian countries as collaborative ventures. The present volume describes the occurrence of diverse and new microorganisms isolated from different sites in countries in Asia. This book includes papers written by eminent microbiologists on the following topics: microorganisms and metabolites which promote animal and plant growth; microbial versatility and its impact on environmental control; utilization of microbial functions and microbial diversity: isolation, systematics and molecular phylogeny of microorganisms. This volume also contains a section on the importance of culture collection network. The subject material of the chapters has been organized in the context of microbiology in the Asian scene.
Recent Advancements In Microbial Diversity
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Author : Surajit de Mandal
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Recent Advancements In Microbial Diversity written by Surajit de Mandal and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Science categories.
Microorganisms are a major part of the Earth’s biological diversity. Although a lot of research has been done on microbial diversity, most of it is fragmented. This book creates the need for a unified text to be published, full of information about microbial diversity from highly reputed and impactful sources. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity brings a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in microbial diversity research focused on different bodily systems, such as the gut. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity also discusses how the application of advanced sequencing technologies is used to reveal previously unseen microbial diversity and show off its function. Gives insight into microbial diversity in different bodily systems Explains novel approaches to studying microbial diversity Highlights the use of omics to analyze the microbial community and its functional attributes Discusses the techniques used to examine microbial diversity, including their applications and respective strengths and weaknesses
Microbes In Microbial Communities
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Author : Raghvendra Pratap Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Microbes In Microbial Communities written by Raghvendra Pratap Singh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Science categories.
The book overviews the complex interactions amongst the microbes and their possible applications. Emphasis has been made to include a wide spectrum of experimental and theoretical contributions from eminent researchers in the field. Microbial communities are the assemblages of microorganisms of various species which live together in the same environment and continuously interact with each other. The microbial cells in communities display unique phenotypes that affect the survival and reproduction of other cells present around them. These phenotypes constitute the social adaptations that drive the interactions between microbial cells. The interactions, further determine the productivity, stability and the ability of community to resist the environmental perturbations. These microbial communities live with extremely competitive niche and fight for their survival and genetic persistence. But they frequently appear in niche with multifaceted and interactive webs rather than the planktonic nature. This can be within the same species or with different species, or even with diverse genera and families. It either a competitive winner community whereas the “weaker” strain goes extinct or a competitor that coexist with their metabolic secretory potentials or a separator that assigned their own community territorial niches. Sometimes, it can be neutral or tritagonist. These microbial associations within the microbiome provides the foundation for diverse forms of microbial ecology and determined the applied perspectives for agriculture, clinical and industrial sectors. This book will be useful to postgraduate students, researchers from academic as well as industry working in the field of microbial exploration with keen interest in survival factors and mechanism of their survival by various ecological and functional strategies.
Microbial Evolution Under Extreme Conditions
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Author : Corien Bakermans
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2015-03-10
Microbial Evolution Under Extreme Conditions written by Corien Bakermans and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-10 with Nature categories.
Today's microorganisms represent the vast majority of biodiversity on Earth and have survived nearly 4 billion years of evolutionary change. However, we still know little about the processes of evolution as applied to microorganisms and microbial populations. Microbial evolution occurred and continues to take place in a vast variety of environmental conditions that range from anoxic to oxic, from hot to cold, from free-living to symbiotic, etc. Some of these physicochemical conditions are considered "extreme", particularly when inhabitants are limited to microorganisms. It is easy to imagine that microbial life in extreme environments is somehow more constrained and perhaps subjected to different evolutionary pressures. But what do we actually know about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and how can we apply that knowledge to other conditions? Appealingly, extreme environments with their relatively limited numbers of inhabitants can serve as good model systems for the study of evolutionary processes. A look at the microbial inhabitants of today's extreme environments provides a snapshot in time of evolution and adaptation to extreme conditions. These adaptations manifest at different levels from established communities and species to genome content and changes in specific genes that result in altered function or gene expression. But as a recent (2011) report from the American Academy of Microbiology observes: "A complex issue in the study of microbial evolution is unraveling the process of evolution from that of adaptation. In many cases, microbes have the capacity to adapt to various environmental changes by changing gene expression or community composition as opposed to having to evolve entirely new capabilities." We have learned much about how microbes are adapted to extreme conditions but relatively little is known about these adaptations evolved. How did the different processes of evolution such as mutation, immigration, horizontal (lateral) gene transfer, recombination, hybridization, genetic drift, fixation, positive and negative selection, and selective screens contribute to the evolution of these genes, genomes, microbial species, communities, and functions? What are typical rates of these processes? How prevalent are each of these processes under different conditions? This book explores the current state of knowledge about microbial evolution under extreme conditions and addresses the following questions: What is known about the processes of microbial evolution (mechanisms, rates, etc.) under extreme conditions? Can this knowledge be applied to other systems and what is the broader relevance? What remains unknown and requires future research? These questions will be addressed from several perspectives including different extreme environments, specific organisms, and specific evolutionary processes.
Microbial Secondary Metabolites Recent Developments And Technological Challenges
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Author : Bhim Pratap Singh
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-08-02
Microbial Secondary Metabolites Recent Developments And Technological Challenges written by Bhim Pratap Singh and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-02 with categories.
Research on microbes plays an essential role in the improvement of biotechnological and biomedical areas. It has turned into a subject of expanding significance as new organisms and their related biomolecules are being characterized for several applications in health and agriculture. Microbial biomolecules confer the ability of microbes to cope with a range of adverse conditions. However, these biomolecules have several advantages over the plant origin, which makes them a suitable target in drug discovery and development. The reasons could be that microbial sources can be genetically engineered to enhance the production of desired natural production by large-scale fermentation. The interaction between microbes and their biotic and abiotic environment is fundamental to numerous processes taking place in the biosphere. The natural environments and hosts of these microorganisms are extremely diverse being reflected by the fact that microbes are widespread and occur in nearly every biological community on Earth. This metabolic versatility makes microbes interesting objects for a range of economically important biotechnological applications. Most of the biotechniques are established but inefficient genetic engineering strategies are still a bottleneck for selected microbe producing industrial scale biomolecules. Therefore, untapped microbial biodiversity and related metablomics, give a noteworthy wellspring of biologicals for the advancement of meds, immunizations, enhanced plants and for other natural applications. The present eBook volume contains articles on microbial secondary metabolites, microbial biosynthetic potential including biosynthetic gene expression, and metagenomics obtained from microorganism isolated unique from habitats like marine sources, endophytes, thermal springs, deserts, etc.
Environmental Microbiology
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Author : Alan Varnam
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-09-22
Environmental Microbiology written by Alan Varnam and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09-22 with Science categories.
Micro-organisms play a major role in the geochemistry of the planet, forming the basic stage in the food chain, and thus sustaining the existence of higher evolutionary life. The continuing interaction between these living organisms and the environment, combined with their exploitation by man are shaping the material world today.Over the last few y
Microbial Essentialism
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Author : Raghvendra Pratap Singh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-03-21
Microbial Essentialism written by Raghvendra Pratap Singh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Science categories.
Microbial Essentialism: An Industrial Prospective refers to properties specifically possessed by microbes such as secretion of metabolites which make them unique and can be employed by industries. These microorganisms can be commercially exploited for beneficial purposes such as the production of whole microbial cells or their products for direct use or as starting raw material in the manufacture of other commercial products which can contribute to large-scale and profit-oriented businesses. Microbial Essentialism: An Industrial Prospective reviews the newest techniques, approaches, and options in the use of microorganisms for the manufacture of industrially important products such as pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, chemicals, proteins, foods and beverages, and fuels. It covers fundamental principles of established and innovative industrial microbiology and biotechnology processes and products. It also discusses industrial microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products. Covers key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring the versatility of microorganisms and their diverse metabolic activities and products Provides methods and various traditional and novel applications of microorganisms to industrial processes Contributed by a multidisciplinary group of experts who offer not only a thorough evaluation of the primary literature, but also invaluable first-hand experience in industrial microbiology and biotechnology
Topics In Ecological And Environmental Microbiology
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Author : Thomas Mitchell Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-09-28
Topics In Ecological And Environmental Microbiology written by Thomas Mitchell Schmidt and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-28 with Science categories.
This book provides an overview of ecological aspects of the metabolism and behavior of microbes, microbial habitats, biogeochemical cycles, and biotechnology. It was designed by selecting relevant chapters from the comprehensive Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3rd edn., and inviting the original authors to update their material to include key developments and advances in the field.