Microphone Array Signal Processing
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Microphone Array Signal Processing
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Author : Jacob Benesty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-11
Microphone Array Signal Processing written by Jacob Benesty and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the past few years we have written and edited several books in the area of acousticandspeechsignalprocessing. Thereasonbehindthisendeavoristhat there were almost no books available in the literature when we ?rst started while there was (and still is) a real need to publish manuscripts summarizing the most useful ideas, concepts, results, and state-of-the-art algorithms in this important area of research. According to all the feedback we have received so far, we can say that we were right in doing this. Recently, several other researchers have followed us in this journey and have published interesting books with their own visions and perspectives. The idea of writing a book on Microphone Array Signal Processing comes from discussions we have had with many colleagues and friends. As a c- sequence of these discussions, we came up with the conclusion that, again, there is an urgent need for a monograph that carefully explains the theory and implementation of microphone arrays. While there are many manuscripts on antenna arrays from a narrowband perspective (narrowband signals and narrowband processing), the literature is quite scarce when it comes to s- sor arrays explained from a truly broadband perspective. Many algorithms for speech applications were simply borrowed from narrowband antenna - rays. However, a direct application of narrowband ideas to broadband speech processing may not be necessarily appropriate and can lead to many m- understandings.
Microphone Arrays
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Author : Michael Brandstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Microphone Arrays written by Michael Brandstein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The study and implementation of microphone arrays originated over 20 years ago. Thanks to the research and experimental developments pursued to the present day, the field has matured to the point that array-based technology now has immediate applicability to a number of current systems and a vast potential for the improvement of existing products and the creation of future devices. In putting this book together, our goal was to provide, for the first time, a single complete reference on microphone arrays. We invited the top re searchers in the field to contribute articles addressing their specific topic(s) of study. The reception we received from our colleagues was quite enthusi astic and very encouraging. There was the general consensus that a work of this kind was well overdue. The results provided in this collection cover the current state of the art in microphone array research, development, and technological application. This text is organized into four sections which roughly follow the major areas of microphone array research today. Parts I and II are primarily the oretical in nature and emphasize the use of microphone arrays for speech enhancement and source localization, respectively. Part III presents a num ber of specific applications of array-based technology. Part IV addresses some open questions and explores the future of the field.
Acoustic Array Systems
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Author : Mingsian R. Bai
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-03-07
Acoustic Array Systems written by Mingsian R. Bai and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-07 with Science categories.
Presents a unified framework of far-field and near-field array techniques for noise source identification and sound field visualization, from theory to application. Acoustic Array Systems: Theory, Implementation, and Application provides an overview of microphone array technology with applications in noise source identification and sound field visualization. In the comprehensive treatment of microphone arrays, the topics covered include an introduction to the theory, far-field and near-field array signal processing algorithms, practical implementations, and common applications: vehicles, computing and communications equipment, compressors, fans, and household appliances, and hands-free speech. The author concludes with other emerging techniques and innovative algorithms. Encompasses theoretical background, implementation considerations and application know-how Shows how to tackle broader problems in signal processing, control, and transudcers Covers both farfield and nearfield techniques in a balanced way Introduces innovative algorithms including equivalent source imaging (NESI) and high-resolution nearfield arrays Selected code examples available for download for readers to practice on their own Presentation slides available for instructor use A valuable resource for Postgraduates and researchers in acoustics, noise control engineering, audio engineering, and signal processing.
Fundamentals Of Spherical Array Processing
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Author : Boaz Rafaely
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-18
Fundamentals Of Spherical Array Processing written by Boaz Rafaely and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of spherical microphone arrays. It is written for graduate students, researchers and engineers who work with spherical microphone arrays in a wide range of applications. The first two chapters provide the reader with the necessary mathematical and physical background, including an introduction to the spherical Fourier transform and the formulation of plane-wave sound fields in the spherical harmonic domain. The third chapter covers the theory of spatial sampling, employed when selecting the positions of microphones to sample sound pressure functions in space. Subsequent chapters present various spherical array configurations, including the popular rigid-sphere-based configuration. Beamforming (spatial filtering) in the spherical harmonics domain, including axis-symmetric beamforming, and the performance measures of directivity index and white noise gain are introduced, and a range of optimal beamformers for spherical arrays, including beamformers that achieve maximum directivity and maximum robustness, and the Dolph-Chebyshev beamformer are developed. The final chapter discusses more advanced beamformers, such as MVDR and LCMV, which are tailored to the measured sound field.
Microphone Arrays
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Author : Jacob Benesty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-08-09
Microphone Arrays written by Jacob Benesty and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explains the motivation for using microphone arrays as opposed to using a single sensor for sound acquisition. The book then goes on to summarize the most useful ideas, concepts, results, and new algorithms therein. The material presented in this work includes analysis of the advantages of using microphone arrays, including dimensionality reduction to remove the redundancy while preserving the variability of the array signals using the principal component analysis (PCA). The authors also discuss benefits such as beamforming with low-rank approximations, fixed, adaptive, and robust distortionless beamforming, differential beamforming, and a new form of binaural beamforming that takes advantage of both beamforming and human binaural hearing properties to improve speech intelligibility. The book makes the microphone array signal processing theory and applications available in a complete and self-contained text. The authors attempt to explain the main ideas in a clear and rigorous way so that the reader can easily capture the potentials, opportunities, challenges, and limitations of microphone array signal processing. This book is written for those who work on the topics of microphone arrays, noise reduction, speech enhancement, speech communication, and human-machine speech interfaces.
Acoustic Signal Processing For Telecommunication
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Author : Steven L. Gay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Acoustic Signal Processing For Telecommunication written by Steven L. Gay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
158 2. Wiener Filtering 159 3. Speech Enhancement by Short-Time Spectral Modification 3. 1 Short-Time Fourier Analysis and Synthesis 159 160 3. 2 Short-Time Wiener Filter 161 3. 3 Power Subtraction 3. 4 Magnitude Subtraction 162 3. 5 Parametric Wiener Filtering 163 164 3. 6 Review and Discussion Averaging Techniques for Envelope Estimation 169 4. 169 4. 1 Moving Average 170 4. 2 Single-Pole Recursion 170 4. 3 Two-Sided Single-Pole Recursion 4. 4 Nonlinear Data Processing 171 5. Example Implementation 172 5. 1 Subband Filter Bank Architecture 172 173 5. 2 A-Posteriori-SNR Voice Activity Detector 5. 3 Example 175 6. Conclusion 175 Part IV Microphone Arrays 10 Superdirectional Microphone Arrays 181 Gary W. Elko 1. Introduction 181 2. Differential Microphone Arrays 182 3. Array Directional Gain 192 4. Optimal Arrays for Spherically Isotropic Fields 193 4. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 193 4. 2 Maximum Directivity Index for Differential Microphones 195 4. 3 Maximimum Front-to-Back Ratio 197 4. 4 Minimum Peak Directional Response 200 4. 5 Beamwidth 201 5. Design Examples 201 5. 1 First-Order Designs 202 5. 2 Second-Order Designs 207 5. 3 Third-Order Designs 216 5. 4 Higher-Order designs 221 6. Optimal Arrays for Cylindrically Isotropic Fields 222 6. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 222 6. 2 Optimal Weights for Maximum Directional Gain 224 6. 3 Solution for Optimal Weights for Maximum Front-to-Back Ratio for Cylindrical Noise 225 7. Sensitivity to Microphone Mismatch and Noise 230 8.
Speech Processing In Modern Communication
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Author : Israel Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-18
Speech Processing In Modern Communication written by Israel Cohen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Modern communication devices, such as mobile phones, teleconferencing systems, VoIP, etc., are often used in noisy and reverberant environments. Therefore, signals picked up by the microphones from telecommunication devices contain not only the desired near-end speech signal, but also interferences such as the background noise, far-end echoes produced by the loudspeaker, and reverberations of the desired source. These interferences degrade the fidelity and intelligibility of the near-end speech in human-to-human telecommunications and decrease the performance of human-to-machine interfaces (i.e., automatic speech recognition systems). The proposed book deals with the fundamental challenges of speech processing in modern communication, including speech enhancement, interference suppression, acoustic echo cancellation, relative transfer function identification, source localization, dereverberation, and beamforming in reverberant environments. Enhancement of speech signals is necessary whenever the source signal is corrupted by noise. In highly non-stationary noise environments, noise transients, and interferences may be extremely annoying. Acoustic echo cancellation is used to eliminate the acoustic coupling between the loudspeaker and the microphone of a communication device. Identification of the relative transfer function between sensors in response to a desired speech signal enables to derive a reference noise signal for suppressing directional or coherent noise sources. Source localization, dereverberation, and beamforming in reverberant environments further enable to increase the intelligibility of the near-end speech signal.
Theory And Applications Of Spherical Microphone Array Processing
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Author : Daniel P. Jarrett
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-26
Theory And Applications Of Spherical Microphone Array Processing written by Daniel P. Jarrett and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the signal processing algorithms that have been developed to process the signals acquired by a spherical microphone array. Spherical microphone arrays can be used to capture the sound field in three dimensions and have received significant interest from researchers and audio engineers. Algorithms for spherical array processing are different to corresponding algorithms already known in the literature of linear and planar arrays because the spherical geometry can be exploited to great beneficial effect. The authors aim to advance the field of spherical array processing by helping those new to the field to study it efficiently and from a single source, as well as by offering a way for more experienced researchers and engineers to consolidate their understanding, adding either or both of breadth and depth. The level of the presentation corresponds to graduate studies at MSc and PhD level. This book begins with a presentation of some of the essential mathematical and physical theory relevant to spherical microphone arrays, and of an acoustic impulse response simulation method, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate spherical array processing algorithms in reverberant environments. The chapter on acoustic parameter estimation describes the way in which useful descriptions of acoustic scenes can be parameterized, and the signal processing algorithms that can be used to estimate the parameter values using spherical microphone arrays. Subsequent chapters exploit these parameters including in particular measures of direction-of-arrival and of diffuseness of a sound field. The array processing algorithms are then classified into two main classes, each described in a separate chapter. These are signal-dependent and signal-independent beamforming algorithms. Although signal-dependent beamforming algorithms are in theory able to provide better performance compared to the signal-independent algorithms, they are currently rarely used in practice. The main reason for this is that the statistical information required by these algorithms is difficult to estimate. In a subsequent chapter it is shown how the estimated acoustic parameters can be used in the design of signal-dependent beamforming algorithms. This final step closes, at least in part, the gap between theory and practice.
Sound Source Localization
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Author : Richard R. Fay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-05-20
Sound Source Localization written by Richard R. Fay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-20 with Science categories.
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of compreh- sive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory - search. The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in ?elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer-reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.
Array Signal Processing
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Author : Don H. Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Pearson
Release Date : 1993
Array Signal Processing written by Don H. Johnson and has been published by Pearson this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is the first book on the market to bring together material on array signal processing in a coherent fashion, with uniform notation and convention of models. KEY TOPICS: Using extensive examples and problems, it presents not only the theories of propagating waves and conventional array processing algorithms, but also the underlying ideas of adaptive array processing and multi-array tracking algorithms. This manual will be valuable to engineers who wish to practice and advance their careers in the array signal processing field.