Microrna 193b Functions As A Tumor Suppressor In Malignant Melanoma
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Microrna 193b Functions As A Tumor Suppressor In Malignant Melanoma
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Author : Jiamin Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Microrna 193b Functions As A Tumor Suppressor In Malignant Melanoma written by Jiamin Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Cutaneous melanoma is an increasingly common skin cancer characterized by aggressive metastatic growth and poor prognosis. The mechanisms behind melanoma progression are not fully understood, but emerging evidence suggests that a group of newly discovered small regulatory RNAs, named microRNAs (miRNAs), plays an important role. miRNAs are ~ 22 nucleotide single strand non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation and translation inhibition. Abnormal expression of miRNAs has been observed in human malignancies and is associated with tumorigenesis. The main goals of this thesis are to investigate miRNA dysregulation in melanoma and to identify potential miRNAs involved in melanoma pathogenesis. Initially, the expression of 470 miRNAs was profiled in 8 metastatic melanoma and 8 benign nevus tissue samples. We discovered unique miRNA expression profiles and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in melanomas as compared to nevi. miR-193b was one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs in melanoma, and its function and regulatory targets were unknown. Subsequently, in vitro functional studies revealed that ectopic expression of miR-193b in melanoma cells drastically repressed cell proliferation and migration. Although it does not directly induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, miR-193b does sensitize these cells to ABT-737-mediated cell death. In concert with functional studies, gene expression analysis and in silico target prediction were performed to globally screen for mRNA targets of miR-193b. We identified eighteen genes as candidates in that they were downregulated by miR-193b and contained predicted miR-193b binding sites. Based on their known biological functions, three genes were particularly interesting: cyclin D1 (CCND1), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), and stathmin 1 (STMN1). CCND1 and Mcl-1 are two well-known melanoma oncogenes, and we validated their role in cell proliferation and apoptosis respectively. Furthermore, using similar approach, we were the first to identify STMN1 as a novel melanoma oncogene. We demonstrated that CCND1, Mcl-1, and STMN1 were directly regulated by miR-193b. During melanoma progression, reduced expression of miR-193b may promote cell proliferation, migration and survival. Taken together, this thesis describes the dysregulation of miRNAs in melanoma and demonstrates that miR-193b functions as a tumor suppressor.
The Role Of Microrna 340 In The Development And Progression Of Melanoma
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Author : Ashley M. Poenitzsch Strong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Role Of Microrna 340 In The Development And Progression Of Melanoma written by Ashley M. Poenitzsch Strong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Melanoma is responsible for only 4% of skin cancer diagnoses, however 80% of skin cancer deaths are attributed to melanoma annually [1]. microRNA (miRNA)-dependent regulation of gene expression is increasingly linked to development and progression of melanoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of a gene network by individual miRNAs remain uncharacterized. Elucidating the roles gene regulatory networks play in cellular biology is critical for understanding diseases and developing treatment options. Understanding how miRNAs function remains to be fully determined. To this end, a pathway-specific miRNA function model is explored to further conceptualize miRNA regulatory networks. In this regulatory paradigm, the focus is centered around the simultaneous miRNA-dependent regulation of multiple components from numerous pathways, highlighting the complex effects miRNAs impart on cellular biology and function. A key hypothesis for this project was miR-340 functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by inhibiting key oncogenic pathways through its pleiotropic effects on multiple components of these networks. The results discussed here demonstrate miR-340 inhibits the tumorigenic phenotype in melanoma cells. Data presented also establish miR-340 regulates RAS-RAF-Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling by modulating the expression of multiple components of this pathway, highlighting a pathway-specific miRNA regulatory role. microRNA IFAST (miFAST, pronounced "my-fast"), a novel efficient method for the characterization of miRNA direct target networks is presented. Data from miFAST experiments demonstrate several mRNAs, most from the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway, are directly targeted by miR-340. Given the importance of MAPK signaling in melanoma, these results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of this cancer. Overall, the data discussed here characterized and established a novel gene regulatory paradigm for miR-340 in melanoma, e.g. a pathway-specific miRNA targetome
Research On Melanoma
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Author : Mandi Murph
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-09-12
Research On Melanoma written by Mandi Murph and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-12 with Medical categories.
The book Research on Melanoma: A Glimpse into Current Directions and Future Trends, is divided into sections to represent the most cutting-edge topics in melanoma from around the world. The emerging epigenetics of disease, novel therapeutics under development and the molecular signaling aberrations are explained in detail. Since there are a number of areas in which unknowns exist surrounding the complex development of melanoma and its response to therapy, this book illuminates and comprehensively discusses such aspects. It is relevant for teaching the novice researcher who wants to initiate projects in melanoma and the more senior researcher seeking to polish their existing knowledge in this area. Many chapters include visuals and illustrations designed to easily guide the reader through the ideas presented.
Micrornas In Cancer
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Author : Cesar Lopez-Camarillo
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-02-22
Micrornas In Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-22 with Medical categories.
MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Oncogene And Cancer
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Author : Yahwardiah Siregar
language : en
Publisher: Inst za onkologiju i radiol
Release Date : 2013-01-24
Oncogene And Cancer written by Yahwardiah Siregar and has been published by Inst za onkologiju i radiol this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-24 with Medical categories.
This book describes a course of cancer growth starting from normal cells to cancerous form and the genomic instability, the cancer treatment as well as its prevention in form of the invention of a vaccine. Some diseases are also discussed in detail, such as breast cancer, leucaemia, cervical cancer, and glioma. Understanding cancer through its molecular mechanism is needed to reduce the cancer incidence. How to treat cancer more effectively and the problems like drug resistance and metastasis are very clearly illustrated in this publication as well as some research result that could be used to treat the cancer patients in the very near future. The book was divided into six main sections: 1. HER2 Carcinogenesis: Etiology, Treatment and Prevention; 2. DNA Repair Mechanism and Cancer; 3. New Approach to Cancer Mechanism; 4. New Role of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes; 5. Non Coding RNA and Micro RNA in Tumorigenesis; 6. Oncogenes for Transcription Factors
Prominin 1 Cd133 New Insights On Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology
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Author : Denis Corbeil
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-19
Prominin 1 Cd133 New Insights On Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology written by Denis Corbeil and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-19 with Medical categories.
Prominin-1 or otherwise known as CD133 is a glycoprotein that is present in humans and mice. Since the first description of prominin in 1997, in mouse neuroepithelial cells and in human hematopoietic stem cells as AC133 antigen, this molecule has aroused a large interest especially, as a stem cell marker, that gave rise to an ever growing body of publications and more recently its expression in cancer stem cells. Controversies as to its role as a cancer stem and its detection in different models, as well as its use as a prognostic marker have emerged. Yet, beyond its use as a stem cell and cancer stem cell marker, prominin-1/CD133 displays unique biological features and appears of importance in other processes like for example in retinal biogenesis. Indeed, this five-transmembrane plasma membrane glycoprotein, which marks membrane protrusions is associated with several essential processes like cell polarity, asymmetric cell division and membrane remodeling. We propose to review current knowledge about this intriguing molecule and present pertinent information to determine the biological role of prominins and assess their importance in medicine and cancer research. The primary audience for this book is geared towards scientists and researchers with interest in cancer stem cells, stem cells, cell biology, neurobiology, and regenerative medicine.
Microrna In Cancer
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Author : Suresh Alahari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-01
Microrna In Cancer written by Suresh Alahari and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-01 with Medical categories.
The field of microRNA biology is really emerging in the last couple of years. Several investigators highlighted the importance of miRNAs in cancer. Although there is so much literature on microRNAs exist, a comprehensive book is still not available. Thus this book will be a great use to the scientists in the field of cancer biology. In addition, this book will be a good source of information for undergraduate, graduate students who want to develop their research careers in cancer biology.
Biomarker
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Author : Ghousia Begum
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-09-05
Biomarker written by Ghousia Begum and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-05 with Medical categories.
This book investigates the emerging use of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for the identification of patients with an abnormal condition or as a tool for staging the extent of disease, as an indicator of disease prognosis. Chapters in Part I focus on biomarkers for cancer, including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, as well as circulating microRNA profiling in cancer biomarker discovery. Chapters in Part II focus on biomarkers of other diagnoses/diseases, including sepsis, childhood renal diseases, pulmonary diseases, Alzheimer's, leishmaniasis, and heart failure. This book investigates the emerging use of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for the identification of patients with an abnormal condition or as a tool for staging the extent of disease, as an indicator of diseases prognosis. The book is of considerable importance for a broad range of people including researchers, clinicians, and university students.
Vasculogenic Mimicry
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Author : Emily Marques dos Reis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-30
Vasculogenic Mimicry written by Emily Marques dos Reis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-30 with Medical categories.
This volume provides detailed protocols for the identification and understanding of vasculogenic mimicry process in vitro and in vivo, in addition to protocols for microscopy and histology. Chapters guide readers through different materials, commercial and homemade scaffolds, Matrigel, cancer spheroids, 3D tissue constructs, vasculogenic processes, and mathematical model building. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Vasculogenic Mimicry: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.
Sunlight Vitamin D And Skin Cancer
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Author : Jörg Reichrath
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-11
Sunlight Vitamin D And Skin Cancer written by Jörg Reichrath and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-11 with Medical categories.
The third edition is a comprehensive and updated overview of positive and negative effects of UV-exposure, with a focus on Vitamin D and skin cancer. Researchers, oncologists,and students will be provided with the most significant and timely information related to topics such as the epidemiology of skin cancer, the immune system and skin cancer, ultraviolet damage, DNA repair and Vitamin D in Nonmelanoma skin cancer and malignant melanoma. There have been a number of new, scientific findings in this fast moving field that necessitated a thoroughly updated and revised edition including new Vitamin D metabolites and skin cancer, new findings on the beneficial effects of UV and solar UV and skin cancer, adverse effects of sun protection and sunscreens, sun exposure and mortality, and more. The book will summarize essential, up-to-date information for every clinician or scientist interested in how to balance the positive and negative effects of UV‐exposure to minimize the risks of developing vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer.