Microscopic Simulation Of Lane Changing Behaviour At Freeway Weaving Sections
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Microscopic Simulation Of Lane Changing Behaviour At Freeway Weaving Sections
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Author : A. F. Al-Kaisy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Microscopic Simulation Of Lane Changing Behaviour At Freeway Weaving Sections written by A. F. Al-Kaisy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Modelling Heavy Vehicle Lane Changing
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Author : Sara Moridpour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modelling Heavy Vehicle Lane Changing written by Sara Moridpour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Lane changing manoeuvres have a substantial impact on microscopic and macroscopic traffic flow characteristics due to the interference effect they have on surrounding vehicles. The interference effects of heavy vehicles' lane changing manoeuvres on surrounding traffic are likely to be greater than when passenger cars execute lane changing manoeuvre. While heavy vehicles account for a minority of traffic stream, heavy vehicles have a pronounced effect on traffic flow and produce a disproportionate effect particularly during heavy traffic conditions. Heavy vehicles impose physical and psychological effects on surrounding traffic which are the results of physical and operational characteristics of heavy vehicles. The number of heavy vehicles on urban freeways has increased over the past three decades and this trend is likely to continue over the next decade. Despite the increasing number of heavy vehicles on freeways, previous studies have predominantly focused on the behaviour of passenger car drivers. In the previous lane changing models, heavy vehicles are accommodated in current lane changing models by calibrating the parameters of a general lane changing model for heavy vehicles rather than by incorporating a lane changing model developed specifically for the heavy vehicle drivers. However, heavy vehicle and passenger car drivers may have fundamentally different lane changing behaviour.In this study, the trajectory dataset is based on the video images of two freeway sections. In general, extracting the trajectory dataset from video images makes it impossible to capture some physical (e.g. weight) and operational (e.g. power) characteristics of vehicles. The length of vehicles is one of their physical characteristics that can be extracted from video images. Therefore, vehicle length is used to identify heavy vehicles in this research. The vehicles with the length of equal to or greater than 6 meters are classified as heavy vehicles. This classification is consistent with the definition of the heavy vehicles in the trajectory dataset used for this study.In this research, the lane changing behaviour of a driver has been characterized as a sequence of three stages including motivation to change lanes, selection of the target lane and the execution of the lane change. This research has provided new insight into the role that traffic parameters associated with the surrounding vehicles plays in the lane changing behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger car drivers. From detailed examination of vehicle trajectory data, differences were identified in the lane changing of heavy vehicle and passenger car drivers in terms of the three stages of lane changing behaviour.To understand the influencing factors on heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing, it is required to analyse the surrounding traffic characteristics at the time that the heavy vehicle drives change lanes as well as when they do not wish to execute lane changing manoeuvre. From detailed examination of the surrounding traffic characteristics, the explanatory variables in heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing decision were identified.A reliable model has been developed in this thesis to estimate the lane changing behaviour of heavy vehicle drivers. Drivers' lane changing behaviour has been characterised as a sequence of two stages: the decision to change lanes and the execution of the lane change. Hence, separate models were considered for those two stages of the heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing behaviour. Fuzzy logic was used to develop a model of the lane changing decision of heavy vehicle drivers. The lane changing decision has been defined as the motivation for selecting either the right adjacent lane (slower lane) or the left adjacent lane (faster lane). Therefore, two separate models were developed for the lane changing decision of heavy vehicle drivers: Lane Changing to Slower Lane (LCSL) and Lane Changing to Faster Lane (LCFL). The explanatory variables in motivating heavy vehicle drivers to move into the slower lane include: the front space gap, the rear space gap, the lag space gap in the right lane and the average speed of the surrounding vehicles in the current lane. The explanatory variables in motivating heavy vehicle drivers to move into the faster lane include: the front relative speed, the lag relative speed in the left lane and the average speeds of the surrounding vehicles in the current lane and the left lane. A triangular membership function was used for all fuzzy sets in the lane changing decision model. The leave-one-out cross-validation method was used to examine the accuracy of the models in estimating the lane changing manoeuvres of heavy vehicle drivers. The obtained results showed that the LCFL model has higher percentage of accurately estimating the heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing decision. This may be due to the fact that heavy vehicle drivers mainly move into the faster lane to gain speed advantages which could be modelled by the microscopic traffic characteristics of surrounding vehicles in the current and the left lanes. However, the heavy vehicle drivers may have other motivations for moving into the slower lane than only the differences in microscopic traffic characteristics in the current and the right lanes.The speed and acceleration/deceleration profiles of heavy vehicles were analysed in detail from the start to the end of lane changing manoeuvres. The results showed that heavy vehicle drivers maintain an almost constant speed during lane changing execution. They do not accelerate or decelerate to adjust their speed according to the speeds of the surrounding vehicles in the target lane. Subsequently, a simple constant speed model could be assumed for the heavy vehicles during the lane changing execution.Finally, the performance of the heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing model was examined macroscopically and microscopically using VISSIM (German abbreviation for 'traffic simulation in cities') microscopic traffic simulation model. The heavy vehicle lane changing model in VISSIM was substituted with a combination of the fuzzy logic heavy vehicle lane changing decision model and a constant speed lane changing execution model. The traffic measurements obtained from the fuzzy logic model were compared to those obtained from a calibrated VISSIM lane changing model and the actual field observations. The results show that using the fuzzy logic heavy vehicle lane changing model provided more accurate estimates of the macroscopic traffic measurements. The number of heavy vehicle lane changing manoeuvres estimated by the fuzzy logic model was found to be more accurate than the estimates from default lane changing model in VISSIM. The microscopic analysis of the lane changing manoeuvres shows that using the fuzzy logic model more accurately replicated the microscopic lane changing behaviour of the heavy vehicle drivers. In particular, the fuzzy logic model accurately replicates the observed speed profile of heavy vehicles and the observed space gap and speed profiles of the surrounding vehicles during lane changing manoeuvres. The superior performance of the fuzzy logic heavy vehicle drivers' lane changing model highlights the importance of developing an exclusive lane changing model for heavy vehicle drivers. Employing a purpose built heavy vehicle lane changing model has been shown to increase the accuracy of the microscopic traffic simulation model.
Observations On Traffic Behavior In Freeway Weaving Bottlenecks
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Author : Joon ho Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Observations On Traffic Behavior In Freeway Weaving Bottlenecks written by Joon ho Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Weavsim
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Author : Mohsen Zarean
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Weavsim written by Mohsen Zarean and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Traffic flow categories.
Modeling Safety And Traffic Operations At Freeway Weaving Sections
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Author : Joseph Fazio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Modeling Safety And Traffic Operations At Freeway Weaving Sections written by Joseph Fazio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
A Proposed Analytical Technique For The Design And Analysis Of Major Freeway Weaving Sections
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Author : Michael James Cassidy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
A Proposed Analytical Technique For The Design And Analysis Of Major Freeway Weaving Sections written by Michael James Cassidy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Automobile driving on highways categories.
Interface And Transport Dynamics
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Author : Heike Emmerich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-09-03
Interface And Transport Dynamics written by Heike Emmerich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-03 with Computers categories.
An overview of the recent progress of research in computational physics and materials science. Particular topics are modelling of traffic flow and complex multi-scale solidification phenomena. The sections introduce novel research results of experts from a considerable diversity of disciplines such as physics, mathematical and computational modelling, nonlinear dynamics, materials sciences, statistical mechanics and foundry technique. The book intends to create a comprehensive and coherent image of the current research status and illustrates new simulation results of transport and interface dynamics by high resolution graphics. Various possible perspectives are formulated for future activities. Special emphasis is laid on exchanging experiences concerning numerical tools and on the bridging of the scales as is necessary in a variety of scientific and engineering applications. An interesting possibility along this line was the coupling of different computational approaches leading to hybrid simulations.
Modeling Capacity
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Author : Sheida Khademi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Modeling Capacity written by Sheida Khademi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Express highway interchanges categories.
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Traffic congestion on freeway systems is one significant concern in urban areas throughout the U.S.A. In this era, building new freeways to reduce congestion is less feasible due to the high capital and social costs. Thus, the effective management and operation of existing freeway facilities has become a preferred approach to reduce traffic congestion.A weaving section is a common design on major highway facilities that always has been an interest to researchers. Weaving areas are characterized by frequent lane changes, which significantly reduce the capacity of the freeway system. The HCM defined weaving capacity as "any combination of flows that causes the density to reach the LOS E/F boundary condition of 43 pc/m/ln for freeways" based on configuration, number of lanes in the weaving section, free-flow speed, length of the weave, and volume ratio (VR). Weaving sections are often problematic because of the increase in lane changing. These are common design elements on freeway facilities between an on ramp and off ramp with an auxiliary lane. They are located between merge and diverge points, near ramps where a lane is added or dropped, and at multilane ramps. A weaving section is a freeway segment in which traffic flows cross each other without traffic control (Minderhoud et al. 2003).Traffic demands exceeding segment capacity at weaving areas cause congestion, which affects the operation of the entire freeway section. Traffic operation problems often exist at weaving areas even when traffic demands are less than capacity and may be experienced at lower traffic flows because of the complexity of vehicle interactions, that is, increased lane changing, resulting in a degradation in level of service (LOS) and potential safety problems (Skabardonis et al. 2012).A significant amount of research has been done to estimate quality of service and capacity in weaving sections. However, little has been done to address multiple weaves. A multiple weaving area is one where two or more weaving areas overlap. No satisfactory means of estimating capacity has been found. Current procedures make assumptions about where weaving occurs in the individual weaving segments. A multiple weaving area is found when "a series of closely spaced merge and diverge areas create overlapping weaving movements (between different merge-diverge points)." (HCM 2016) This work examines capacity and quality of service conditions for a specific example of a multiple weave. Capacity is evaluated through micro-simulation by gradually raising flows for a range of geometric and fraction of weaving-traffic conditions. Models are developed to express capacity in terms of lane configuration, flow ratios, traffic mix (heavy traffic percentages), and overall flow rate. This study will be limited to cases where there are two overlapping weaving movements created by two entry ramps following by an exit ramp.The study will develop relations for capacity and service volume for a range of geometric, flow conditions, and traffic mix. Geometric conditions will include number of lanes on the main lane entry and each entrance ramp into and exit ramp from the weaving area (n), and distances (Ls) between ramps. Flow conditions will include a range of flows from each of the entry and exit roadways (V) in the multiple weaving area. The traffic mix represents the fraction of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream (PHV).In order to estimate the capacity of the weaving area, repeated simulations are performed under varying factors, number of lanes, flow range, heavy vehicle percentage, and routing. VISSIM outputs include link evaluation (average values for the link), and data collection (point measurement) files are extracted. These output files allow us to extract parameters, such as space mean speed for links, to identify the point at which speed start to drop. Also, entry and exit volumes to see if they are the same as the summation of input volume that we specified in the run. The poin tthat speed starts dropping significantly, or the summation of exit or entrance volume is much lower than what we entered in the system, suggests that we have reached the capacity point. VISSIM simulation runs are done using COM programming. This VISSIM scripting tool will enable the user to automate the analysis process. Using COM programming, this research has been able to performs many more simulation iterations than otherwise would have been possible in the same time period. Not only for the factors but also for the driving behavior parameters (following,lane change, and car following). To estimate capacity, we will consider all possible combinations of car following parameters to see what gives us the maximum capacity.At the same time, we will adjust different variables/factors we have introduced (number of lanes, flow, etc.) to see which one will give us a higher throughput, which is the capacity.This work's result will be presented to DOTs and MPOs as a guidebook. The file would be highly useful and money-saving for these agencies as they prefer to obtain higher capacity by managing existing freeways rather than buying rights of ways.
Canadian Journal Of Civil Engineering
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Canadian Journal Of Civil Engineering written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Civil engineering categories.
Development And Testing Of Intras
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Development And Testing Of Intras written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.