Militant Puerto Ricans
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Militant Puerto Ricans
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Author : Michael González-Cruz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-08
Militant Puerto Ricans written by Michael González-Cruz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08 with categories.
Facing discrimination from fellow members in unions, organizations, and political parties, Militant Puerto Ricans tells the story of how Puerto Ricans in the United States participated in traditional politics, while creating clandestine organizations. By 1965, Puerto Ricans had created over six-hundred different political and communal organizations, with different approaches, methods, and tactics. Many organizations focused on improving conditions in Puerto Rican communities, and others aimed at freeing Puerto Rico from its colonial status. Militant Puerto Ricans focuses on the formation and the strategies of the Young Lords Party (YLP), the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), the Puerto Rican National Left Movement (or the "Comité MINP"), the Puerto Rican Student Union (PRSU), the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN), the Nationalist Party (PN) and the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP). Militant Puerto Ricans tells the story of how leaders and activists who belonged to these organizations, constantly travelled between Puerto Rico and the U.S., strengthening the bonds between activists and organizations in and outside Puerto Rico. Additionally, Militant Puerto Ricans tells us the story of how clandestine organizations, such as the FALN and the Macheteros, organized to make others conscious about Puerto Rico's colonial status. Militant Puerto Ricans' timeline starts in 1868, when Puerto Ricans rebelled against the Spanish colonial government in "El Grito de Lares." After El Grito, rebel bands in Puerto Rico continued their resistance by assaulting landowners, burning their fields, and destroying credit books. These bands were known as the "Tiznados," who despite their efforts, did not organize into a large-scale revolutionary movement. Puerto Rico would not see a large revolutionary movement until the 1930s, when Pedro Albizu Campos was elected the president of the Nationalist Party, a working-class movement that threatened corporate and colonial powers. The U.S. fought the Nationalist Party by implementing a Gag Law, they tortured and executed Nationalists, and shot peaceful protesters. Facing violent oppression from the colonial government, the armed struggle became clandestine. The Chicago-based Armed Forces of National Liberation (FALN) and the Boricua Popular Army (EPB) [otherwise known as the "Macheteros"] took command. They attacked and destroyed banks, oil pipelines, military equipment, and federal offices. Their aim was not to overthrow the government, but to protest Puerto Rico's colonial status. The FBI and Puerto Rican police's tactics against activists were vicious and brutal. Besides their assassinations of activists without due process, one of the most shocking facts this chapter reports on was how a bomb was planted in the Puerto Rican Socialist Party's daycare center. It was only after 150,000 dossiers on independence supporters were revealed to the public in the late 1980s, that the FBI scaled back its vicious assassination campaign. Instead, their tactics shifted to harassment of key individuals, infiltration of activist organizations and a massive media brainwashing campaign to demonize leftist militant tactics.Militant Puerto Ricans concludes with a chapter on the lives of Pedro Albizu Campos' revolutionary disciples. In 1999, the U.S. released twelve Puerto Rican political prisoners after a massive protest took place in the island. Puerto Rico received them with hugs, ovations, and parades. Michael González-Cruz tells us that these revolutionaries were radicalized by the tragic circum-stances of their nation, their communities, and their reality. In the United States, many became radicalized when they witnessed the police and FBI violently repress the Black Panther Party. Puerto Ricans who have been born and raised in the United States have faced racism and discrimination to this day. Our militants have fought for liberation, occupied buildings and rescued their history.
Radical Imagination Radical Humanity
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Author : Rose Muzio
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 2017-01-25
Radical Imagination Radical Humanity written by Rose Muzio and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-25 with Social Science categories.
Provides firsthand accounts of militant Puerto Rican activists in 1970s New York City. In this book Rose Muzio analyzes how structural and historical factorsincluding colonialism, economic marginalization, racial discrimination, and the Black and Brown Power movements of the 1960sinfluenced young Puerto Ricans to reject mainstream ideas about political incorporation and join others in struggles against perceived injustices. This analysis provides the first in-depth account of the origins, evolution, achievements, and failures of El Comité-Movimiento de Izquierda Nacional Puertorriqueño, one of the main organizations of the Puerto Rican Left in the 1970s in New York City. El Comité fought for bilingual education programs in public schools, for access to quality jobs and higher education, and against health care budget cuts. The organization mobilized support nationally and internationally to end the US Navys occupation of Vieques, denounced colonial rule in Puerto Rico, and opposed US aid to authoritarian regimes in Latin America and Africa. Muzio bases her project on dozens of interviews with participants as well as archival documents and news coverage, and shows how a radical, counterhegemonic political perspective evolved organically, rather than as a product of a priori ideology.
The Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Organization
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
The Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Organization written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Subversive activities categories.
The Cia Makes Science Fiction Unexciting 4
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Author : Joe Biel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-07
The Cia Makes Science Fiction Unexciting 4 written by Joe Biel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07 with categories.
Illuminating the events of Friday, September 23, 2005, when the FBI fired more than 120 bullets into the home of Puerto Rican independence leader Filiberto Ojeda Rios, this zine goes deep into the reasons behind it. The FBI considered Ojeda Rios the head of a domestic terrorist group, the militant Puerto Rican independence group Los Macheteros, and he was their most wanted man until 9/11. But in Puerto Rico he has long been viewed as a hero and now many Puerto Ricans of all political stripes have questioned the FBI's actions, especially because the shooting took place on the anniversary of an 1868 uprising against imposed Spanish rule. This zine investigates why this didn’t appear on the nightly news and questions whether agencies of the U.S. government are still carrying out vigilante justice.
Puerto Ricans In The U S
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Author : Catarino Garza
language : en
Publisher: Pathfinder Press (NY)
Release Date : 1977
Puerto Ricans In The U S written by Catarino Garza and has been published by Pathfinder Press (NY) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Social Science categories.
War Against All Puerto Ricans
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Author : Nelson A Denis
language : en
Publisher: Bold Type Books
Release Date : 2015-04-07
War Against All Puerto Ricans written by Nelson A Denis and has been published by Bold Type Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-07 with Political Science categories.
The powerful, untold story of the 1950 revolution in Puerto Rico and the long history of U.S. intervention on the island, that the New York Times says "could not be more timely." In 1950, after over fifty years of military occupation and colonial rule, the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico staged an unsuccessful armed insurrection against the United States. Violence swept through the island: assassins were sent to kill President Harry Truman, gunfights roared in eight towns, police stations and post offices were burned down. In order to suppress this uprising, the US Army deployed thousands of troops and bombarded two towns, marking the first time in history that the US government bombed its own citizens. Nelson A. Denis tells this powerful story through the controversial life of Pedro Albizu Campos, who served as the president of the Nationalist Party. A lawyer, chemical engineer, and the first Puerto Rican to graduate from Harvard Law School, Albizu Campos was imprisoned for twenty-five years and died under mysterious circumstances. By tracing his life and death, Denis shows how the journey of Albizu Campos is part of a larger story of Puerto Rico and US colonialism. Through oral histories, personal interviews, eyewitness accounts, congressional testimony, and recently declassified FBI files, War Against All Puerto Ricans tells the story of a forgotten revolution and its context in Puerto Rico's history, from the US invasion in 1898 to the modern-day struggle for self-determination. Denis provides an unflinching account of the gunfights, prison riots, political intrigue, FBI and CIA covert activity, and mass hysteria that accompanied this tumultuous period in Puerto Rican history.
Vieques The Navy And Puerto Rican Politics
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Author : Amílcar Antonio Barreto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Vieques The Navy And Puerto Rican Politics written by Amílcar Antonio Barreto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with History categories.
"This book highlights a political struggle engaged in by Puerto Ricans which raises attention regarding the inconsistencies between the United States as a democratic society and its treatment of a nation that continues to be colonized."--James Jennings, Tufts University In this analysis of the dispute over the U.S. Navy's bombing range in Vieques, Puerto Rico, Amilcar Barreto looks at the political fallout from the accidental killing of a civilian in 1999, including its impact on Puerto Rican nationalism and ethnic mobilization. In so doing, he finds in the Vieques crisis a metaphor for a larger set of Puerto Rican crises and conflicts. Barreto sets the scene for understanding why Vieques has become a defining protest issue in Puerto Rican politics by providing a comprehensive historical account of protest by Puerto Ricans living in Puerto Rico and in the United States and by telling the story of the island's nagging colonial status under the United States. While the political nature of the Vieques issue remains the focus of the book, he highlights its military aspects, particularly the policy stances of the U.S. Navy. He demonstrates how the U.S. military in the Vieques crisis became not just a catalyst for but an unwitting accomplice in the process of Puerto Rican ethnic mobilization, helping to set the stage for the emergence of a more vigorous and militant cultural nationalism. Barreto also supplies a credible explanation for the surprisingly consensual reaction among Puerto Ricans of all political stripes to what many observers regarded as an unjust assault on the life and livelihood of Vieques residents and an example of U.S. political arrogance. In the course of identifying Vieques as a defining protest issue in Puerto Rican politics, Barreto avoids a weakness common to other treatments of the island's politics by documenting the links between protest and activism in Puerto Rico and in the United States. Amilcar Antonio Barreto is assistant professor of political science at Northeastern University.
Puerto Rico And Puerto Ricans
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Author : Adalberto López
language : en
Publisher: Halsted Press
Release Date : 1974
Puerto Rico And Puerto Ricans written by Adalberto López and has been published by Halsted Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Puerto Ricans categories.
Islands Of Resistance
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Author : Mario Murillo
language : en
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
Release Date : 2011-01-04
Islands Of Resistance written by Mario Murillo and has been published by Seven Stories Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-04 with History categories.
While 1998 marked the 100th anniversary of the United States' invasion and takeover of Puerto Rico, it wasn't until 1999 that the island's political movements reappeared on the radar screen of the American people. That year, two major developments occurred that transformed the relationship between Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C.: the limited clemency granted by then-President Clinton to eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists, and the death of Puerto Rican civilian security guard David Sanes, killed by missile fragments from U.S. naval bombing tests on the island municipality of Vieques. How does Vieques fit into the political future of Puerto Rico? While anti-Navy protesters are careful not to mix the island's political status options with their battle against the Navy, it is important to understand the role Washington has played in shaping Puerto Rico's current reality and how it has allowed the Navy to use Vieques as a bombing range for 60 years. It also helps one begin to predict what is the future of Puerto Rico. Is it to be a colony? Fifty-first state of the United States? Sovereign nation? In Islands of Resistance, Mario A. Murillo approaches these questions by examining how Puerto Rican politics have been shaped as much by 100 years of U.S. economic, military, and cultural domination of the territory, as by the enduring grassroots resistance of the Puerto Rican people. Islands of Resistance puts the contemporary situation in Puerto Rico into an historic context that will help people understand what is at stake in Vieques, not only for Viequenses, but for Puerto Ricans, both on the island and in the diaspora.
National Performances
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Author : Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2003-07-15
National Performances written by Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-15 with Political Science categories.
In this book, Ana Y. Ramos-Zayas explores how Puerto Ricans in Chicago construct and perform nationalism. Contrary to characterizations of nationalism as a primarily unifying force, Ramos-Zayas finds that it actually provides the vocabulary to highlight distinctions along class, gender, racial, and generational lines among Puerto Ricans, as well as between Puerto Ricans and other Latino, black, and white populations. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research, Ramos-Zayas shows how the performance of Puerto Rican nationalism in Chicago serves as a critique of social inequality, colonialism, and imperialism, allowing barrio residents and others to challenge the notion that upward social mobility is equally available to all Americans—or all Puerto Ricans. Paradoxically, however, these activists' efforts also promote upward social mobility, overturning previous notions that resentment and marginalization are the main results of nationalist strategies. Ramos-Zayas's groundbreaking work allows her here to offer one of the most original and complex analyses of contemporary nationalism and Latino identity in the United States.