Mitochondrial Genetics And Epigenetics
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Mitochondrial Genetics And Epigenetics
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Author : Caterina Garone
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-12-15
Mitochondrial Genetics And Epigenetics written by Caterina Garone and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-15 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
The Effect Of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase On The Epigenetics Of Human Mitochondrial Dna
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Author : John Andrew Strang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Effect Of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase On The Epigenetics Of Human Mitochondrial Dna written by John Andrew Strang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Aberrant metabolism has become an increasingly interesting area of cancer biology. In many cancers including lower grade glioma, glioblastomas and some leukemias, a mutation in the metabolic enzyme Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH), has been found in more than 70% of cases and has been shown to lead to a distinct hypermethylator phenotype. IDH commonly converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in normal cell metabolism. Three isoforms of this enzyme are found in humans: IDH1, IDH2 and IDH3. Studies on IDH1, the cytosolic isoform, have revealed that mutations in the enzyme's binding site lead to a novel gain of function: the synthesis of an oncogenic metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). 2HG competitively inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate dependent enzymes such as the TET 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxygenases and histone demethylases. These oxygenases are responsible for the hydroxymethylation (5hmC) of cytosine residues, ultimately leading to demethylation and gene re-expression. Thus, mutant IDH may lead to an elevation in 5mC levels producing the hypermethylator phenotype described. A similar gain-of-function mutation in IDH2, the mitochondrial isoform of IDH1, has been associated with leukemias and gliomas lacking IDH1 mutations. Mutations in IDH1, IDH2 and TET2 are mutually exclusive, and each yields a similar hypermethylator phenotype. IDH2, along with IDH3, is primarily involved in the TCA cycle and energy production for the cell. Recently, the Taylor lab has uncovered evidence of 5mC and 5hmC residues in mitochondrial DNA, established and maintained by mtDNMT1 and TET2. Changing levels of mtDNMT1 appears to alter the patterns and levels of mtDNA transcription from the mitochondrial genome. We hypothesized that mutant IDH would produce a similar effect on the mitochondrial genome as that found in the nuclear genome and result in a decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, as well as a subsequent increase in the level of 5-methylcytosine caused by the competitive inhibition of the TET enzymes by 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulation. Using molecular biology techniques such as Western blots and MeDIP (methylated DNA immunoprecipitation) I aim to uncover the role of IDH mutation on mitochondrial DNA methylation and its effect on energy production in mammalian cells.
Mitochondrial Dna And Diseases
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Author : Hongzhi Sun
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-25
Mitochondrial Dna And Diseases written by Hongzhi Sun and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-25 with Science categories.
The book describes molecular principles and mechanisms by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can drive the occurrence of diseases and the latest understanding of mtDNA biology. The book explores roles of mtDNA mutation and genetic changes in cancer, with a special focus on lung cancer, and the significance of approach, application, and bioethics of mtDNA sequencing. Authors made a great effort to overview roles of mtDNA signaling pathways, base excision repair, methylation, USP30-mediated regulation, mitochondrial ribosome, autophagy pathways, or ROS-dependent signaling in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. It also demonstrates the importance of basic mitochondrial genetics and the relationship between mutations and disease phenotypes and ageing. This book covers not only the basic information of mtDNA, the relationship of mtDNA and disease, but also mtDNA in stem cell and mitochondria and metabolism etc. The book is written for biological and clinical students and researchers in the field of mtDNA–associated diseases.
Hormones And Epigenetics
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Author : Gerald Litwack
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-02-28
Hormones And Epigenetics written by Gerald Litwack and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-28 with Science categories.
Hormones and Epigenetics, Volume 122, the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting timely, interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series Includes the latest information on Hormones and Epigenetics
Mitochondrial Dna Mitochondria Disease And Stem Cells
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Author : Justin C. St. John
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-27
Mitochondrial Dna Mitochondria Disease And Stem Cells written by Justin C. St. John and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-27 with Science categories.
This volume investigates how the mitochondrial genome is transmitted, segregated, and inherited. It starts by describing mtDNA mutations and deletions and how these impact on the offspring’s well-being. It progresses to discuss how mutations to the mtDNA-nuclear-encoded transcription, replication and translational factors lead to mtDNA-depletion syndromes and how these affect cellular function and lead to the pathology of human mitochondrial disease. It also highlights the importance of the mitochondrial assembly factors and how mutations to these can lead to mitochondrial disease. The reader is then introduced to how mtDNA is transmitted through the oocyte and how stem cells can be used to study mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA replication and transcription in undifferentiated pluripotent and differentiating cells and how mitochondria adapt during this process. It then discusses how diseases like cancer are initiated and regulated by mutations to mitochondrial DNA and dysfunctional mitochondria. Finally, it draws on assisted reproductive technologies to discuss how some of these approaches might be adapted to prevent the transmission of mutant and deleted mtDNA from one generation to the next.
Human Mitochondrial Dna And The Evolution Of Homo Sapiens
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Author : Hans-Jürgen Bandelt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-09-05
Human Mitochondrial Dna And The Evolution Of Homo Sapiens written by Hans-Jürgen Bandelt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-05 with Medical categories.
Mitochondrial DNA is one of the most closely explored genetic systems, because it can tell us so much about the human past. This book takes a unique perspective, presenting the disparate strands that must be tied together to exploit this system. From molecular biology to anthropology, statistics to ancient DNA, this first volume of three presents a comprehensive global picture and a critical appraisal of human mitochondrial DNA variation.
Epigenetics And Metabolomics
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Author : Paban K. Agrawala
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-08-25
Epigenetics And Metabolomics written by Paban K. Agrawala and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-25 with Medical categories.
Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology
Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Genetics
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Author : Giuseppe Attardi
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 1996
Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Genetics written by Giuseppe Attardi and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Aging categories.
The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerlyawaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 250 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Key Features * Structural and functional analysis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes * Import of proteins and RNA into mitochondria * Ion and metabolite transport systems in mitochondria * Biophysical methods for mitochondrial function analysis * Mitochondrial inheritance and turnover.
Mitochondrial Genome Evolution
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Author : Laurence Marechal-Drouard
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-10-03
Mitochondrial Genome Evolution written by Laurence Marechal-Drouard and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-03 with Science categories.
Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on Mitochondrial genome evolution. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology This thematic volume features reviews on mitochondrial genome evolution
The Human Mitochondrial Genome
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Author : Giuseppe Gasparre
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-07-23
The Human Mitochondrial Genome written by Giuseppe Gasparre and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-23 with Science categories.
The Human Mitochondrial Genome: From Basic Biology to Disease offers a comprehensive, up-to-date examination of human mitochondrial genomics, connecting basic research to translational medicine across a range of disease types. Here, international experts discuss the essential biology of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including its maintenance, repair, segregation, and heredity. Furthermore, mtDNA evolution and exploitation, mutations, methods, and models for functional studies of mtDNA are dealt with. Disease discussion is accompanied by approaches for treatment strategies, with disease areas discussed including cancer, neurodegenerative, age-related, mtDNA depletion, deletion, and point mutation diseases. Nucleosides supplementation, mitoTALENs, and mitoZNF nucleases are among the therapeutic approaches examined in-depth. With increasing funding for mtDNA studies, many clinicians and clinician scientists are turning their attention to mtDNA disease association. This book provides the tools and background knowledge required to perform new, impactful research in this exciting space, from distinguishing a haplogroup-defining variant or disease-related mutation to exploring emerging therapeutic pathways. Fully examines recent advances and technological innovations in the field, enabling new mtDNA studies, variant and mutation identification, pathogenic assessment, and therapies Disease discussion accompanied by diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently implemented clinically Outlines and discusses essential research protocols and perspectives for young scientists to pick up Features an international team of authoritative contributors from basic biologists to clinician-scientists