Modality In English And Chinese
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Modality In English And Chinese
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Author : Renzhi Li
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Modality In English And Chinese written by Renzhi Li and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Modality is a grammatical, or semantic-grammatical, category. It is an important component of human languages. This is at least the case in most European languages. To what extent is it a near-universal? This thesis is to contribute to the question. It focuses on modal verbs in English and Chinese, two genetically and geographically unrelated languages, and analyzes what these two languages have in common and how they differ in their systems of modality. To achieve the aim, the thesis adopts the theoretical framework proposed by van der Auwera (1996, 1998 with Plungian, 2001) for the typological study of modality. Its language-specific descriptions involve the morphosyntactic features, notional functions, modal logic, and diachronic development. With these descriptions, it constructs a cross-linguistic database in a uniform, parallel structure. Then on the basis of this database, it deals with the cross-linguistic issues about modality in English and Chinese. Like many of the studies in this area, this research makes use of the well-sampled data in the relevant literature, thereby assuring the same degree of representativeness. When the data do not meet this need, it resorts to computer-based corpora. In the diachronic study of Chinese modality, quantitative analysis is adopted in proposing a development path for the senses of a modal. English translation is given particular attention in the description of Chinese modality and cross-linguistic analyses. One can only know one's own language only if one compares it with other languages. The present study is conducive to a better understanding of English and Chinese. It contributes not only to the investigation of language universals, but also to the study of human cognition and other linguistic or applied linguistic issues.
Intensification And Modal Necessity In Mandarin Chinese
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Author : Jiun-Shiung Wu
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-11-15
Intensification And Modal Necessity In Mandarin Chinese written by Jiun-Shiung Wu and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-15 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This book addresses intensification and modal necessity in Mandarin Chinese. Intensification is used in this book to describe the speaker’s emphasis on a proposition, because, by emphasizing on a proposition, the speaker intensifies the degree of his/her confidence and affirmativeness toward the truth of a proposition, cf. the distinction between ‘weaker’ and ‘stronger’. Modal necessity discussed in this book refers either to the speaker’s certainty regarding the truth of an inference, judgment or stipulation, that is, epistemic necessity or to the speaker’s certainty concerning the obligatoriness of a proposition, based on rules or regulations, i.e., deontic necessity. This book examines a series of lexical items in Mandarin Chinese that express either intensification or modal necessity, provides a unified semantics and also presents how these lexical items are semantically distinct. Intensification and Modal Necessity in Mandarin Chinese is aimed at instructors, researchers and post-graduate students of Chinese Linguistics.
Modality And The English Modals
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Author : F.R. Palmer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-04
Modality And The English Modals written by F.R. Palmer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A detailed account of the many uses and functions of these verbs. The nature of modality, and some controversial issues, are also discussed.
The Reconstruction Of Modality In Chinese English Government Press Conference Interpreting
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Author : Xin Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-12
The Reconstruction Of Modality In Chinese English Government Press Conference Interpreting written by Xin Li and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book investigates a special genre of interpreting in the Chinese context, namely Government Press Conference (GPC) Interpreting. Drawing on the modality system from Systemic Functional Grammar and a corpus of 21 interpreting events, the project explores the regular patterns of modality shifts in Chinese-English GPC interpreting and seeks explanations in the sociocultural context. As a corpus-based project, the book covers qualitative analysis of the sociocultural context, qualitative analysis of the interpersonal effects of modality shifts, and quantitative analysis of modality shifts. This book will contribute to the understanding of the distinctive features of GPC interpreting in China, shed new light on the rendition of modality between Chinese and English in specific contexts, and also inspire new thoughts on the nature of interpreting in general.
Modality And The English Modals
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Author : Frank Robert Palmer
language : en
Publisher: Longman Publishing Group
Release Date : 1979
Modality And The English Modals written by Frank Robert Palmer and has been published by Longman Publishing Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
New Perspectives On Aspect And Modality In Chinese Historical Linguistics
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Author : Barbara Meisterernst
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-28
New Perspectives On Aspect And Modality In Chinese Historical Linguistics written by Barbara Meisterernst and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-28 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This book presents new perspectives on the study of Aspect and Modality in Chinese Historical Linguistics. Based on the international Workshop on Aspect and Modality in Chinese, the book includes the latest research findings in the field to make them available not only to specialists in Classical and Buddhist Chinese, but also to researchers and students of general linguistics and of the universals of language. It also discusses different aspects of the AM (Aspect-Modality) and the TAM (Tense-Aspect-Modality) system of Chinese. It provides a comprehensive overview of both of the universally related systems of aspect and modality. The first part of the book focuses on aspectual features of Chinese; these include basic studies on the syntactic representation of the aspectual structure of the verb phrase in Archaic Chinese, the aspectual function of different object constructions and their development, temporal features of the verb phrase, and the aspectual functions of no minalization processes. The second part includes articles highlighting different aspects of the modal system or the interplay between tense, aspect and modality in Chinese, including a survey on the history of studies on modality in Chinese and the modal and temporal aspectual/markers indicating future meanings, a specialized study on modal deontic verbs in the Buddhist Vinaya texts, the modal function of rhetorical questions in Buddhist Chinese, and a study on the diachronic development of the aspectual and modal system in Chinese.
A Systemic Functional Study Of Modality In Modern Chinese
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Author : Shu Yang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-12-10
A Systemic Functional Study Of Modality In Modern Chinese written by Shu Yang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-10 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents a systematic and relatively comprehensive account of the system of MODALITY in Modern Chinese and the functions that realizations of modality serve in the clause and clause complex. Grounded in SFL, the research begins by introducing the system of types of modality in Modern Chinese, investigating the subtypes of modality and their realizations. The study then explores the systems of Orientations that characterize the realization of modalization and modulation in Chinese. After establishing the complete system of modality in Modern Chinese, the research finally examines the functions that realizations of modality serve in the textual structure of the clause and in the clause complex. The study finds that the system of MODALITY is an important interpersonal clause system at the lexicogrammatical stratum of Chinese. There are two distinct types of modality in Chinese: modalization and modulation. Modalization concerns the assessment of probability of the proposition; modulation is concerned with the assessment of the proposal in terms of obligation, inclination, and ability. The systems of ORIENTATIONS make a basic distinction between subjective and objective modality, and between the explicit and implicit realizations. The research also reveals that in the thematic structure of the clause, realizations of modality can serve as the interpersonal Theme in the clause, in the information structure of the clause, realizations of modality can function as the unmarked information focus of the clause or introduce the marked information focus, and in the clause complex, realizations of modality can encode modal meanings and simultaneously construct clauses into a clause complex.
Corpus Linguistics And Sociolinguistics
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Author : Beke Hansen
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2018-12-24
Corpus Linguistics And Sociolinguistics written by Beke Hansen and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In Corpus Linguistics and Sociolinguistics, Beke Hansen provides an in-depth analysis of variation and change in the expression of modality in second-language varieties of English by adopting an integrated sociolinguistic and corpus-based approach.
Hypothetical Modality
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Author : Debra Ziegeler
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2000-07-15
Hypothetical Modality written by Debra Ziegeler and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book marks a new development in the field of grammaticalisation studies, in that it extends the field of grammaticalisation studies from relatively homogeneous languages to those possessing well-established and institutionalised second language varieties. In Hypothetical Modality, special reference is made to Singaporean English, a native-speaker L2 dialect of considerable importance in the South-East Asian region, and to the expression in the dialect of hypothetical modality, which appears to be indistinguishable from non-hypothetical modality in terms of the use of preterite or past forms of modal verbs. Within a grammaticalisation framework, a number of factors can be seen to be relevant to an explanation, including substratum and contact features such as tense/aspect marking, levels of lexical retention as an individual (psychological) phenomenon, and the fact that such dialects have a discontinuity in their development. In addition, the book defines pragmatic approaches to the understanding of hypothetical modality, in both diachronic and synchronic terms.
Covert Patterns Of Modality
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Author : Werner Abraham
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2012-11-15
Covert Patterns Of Modality written by Werner Abraham and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This typological overview compares the degree to which different languages have means to give expression to modality (possibility, necessity) without lexical and direct inflectional means. The criterial patterns derive from a variety of languages such as German, English, Chinese, French, Scandinavian, Italian, Romanian, Russian, Polish, and Gothic as well as Old High German. They encompass mainly the auxiliaries HAVE and BE, together with either an infinitival embedding of a full verb linked by the infinitival preposition TO, or other aspectual means. It is demonstrated that what appears as typical covert modal expressions in the Germanic languages, and the Indo-European ones in a wider sense, cannot be seen as a recurrent pattern in non-Indo-European languages. Yet, there are recurrent and plausible forms that allow for generalizations.