Modeling Advanced Temperature Measurement And Control Algorithms In Thermoforming
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Modeling Advanced Temperature Measurement And Control Algorithms In Thermoforming
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Author : Seyed-Rahi Modirnia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Modeling Advanced Temperature Measurement And Control Algorithms In Thermoforming written by Seyed-Rahi Modirnia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"Thermoforming is a plastic manufacturing process consisting of three major phases: heating, forming, and cooling. During the heating phase, the plastic sheet has to be heated to a precise temperature set-point (profile) at which it is flexible enough to be molded. Often, because of the complexity of the final product's shape, uneven temperature set-points are required across the plastic sheet. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically control the heaters' temperatures so that the exact temperature profile is achieved across and through the depth of the plastic sheet. In the first part of this thesis, advanced temperature measurement algorithms are developed, namely model-based virtual sensors (MBVS) and core-temperature observers. The concept of MBVSs allows for extra surface-temperature measurement points in addition to the existing infrared sensors. This leads to improved observability of the sheet's temperature and increased accuracy in achieving uneven temperature profiles, thus eliminating the use of extra infrared sensors and significantly reducing the cost of the control system. Additionally, core-temperature observers are developed in order to precisely monitor the core-temperature of the plastic sheet, as it is crucial for the center-plane of the sheet to be within the forming temperature window at the end of the cycle. In the second part of this thesis, the application of the Watanabe-modified Smith predictor control technique (an internal-model control technique) is studied for the thermoforming heating phase in order to reduce the heating-cycle time of the process. The third part of the thesis addresses the temperature control of multilayered plastic sheets during the heating phase. Thermoforming of multilayered sheets has proven to be quite challenging since different plastic materials contain their own distinctive rheological properties and forming temperatures. In this thesis, a dynamical temperature evolution model of multilayered plastic sheets is presented, followed by a proposed discrete-time model predictive control (DTMPC) algorithm to solve, for the first time, the non-uniform temperature tracking problem of all the layers, while incorporating the nonlinear dynamics of the actuators in the design. Finally, the last part of this thesis covers the important problem of parameter variations in thermoforming. During the thermoforming heating phase, temperature evolution models of plastic sheets consist of nonlinear temperature-dependent parameters, which have yet to be accounted for when solving the temperature tracking problem. These equations are subsequently modeled in the hybrid systems framework based on the segmentation of the parameter varying elements. Employing a proposed constrained hybrid optimal control (HOC) algorithm based on the Hybrid Minimum Principle (HMP), which contains the nonlinear actuator constraints of the heating phase, the temperature tracking problem is solved for this parameter varying system, for the first time. The HOC algorithm is also designed to minimize the energy consumption of the heaters during the heating phase. Moreover, a closed-loop hybrid controller (CLHC) is developed, based on the proposed HOC, to provide robustness against perturbations. Successful application of the proposed HOC algorithm also serves as a proof of concept to show that HMP based HOCs can be implemented on large-scaled nonlinear industrial processes containing parameter variations and nonlinear actuator constraints." --
Advanced Temperature Measurement And Control
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Author : Gregory K. McMillan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Advanced Temperature Measurement And Control written by Gregory K. McMillan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Science categories.
Measurement error. Controllers. Temperature loop analysis. Exchangers. Reactors. Columns. Vessels, desuperheators, dryers, kilns, calciners and other process equipment.
Estimation And Control Of Plastic Temperature In Heating Phase Of Thermoforming Process
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Author : Md Chy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Estimation And Control Of Plastic Temperature In Heating Phase Of Thermoforming Process written by Md Chy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
"The first problem in controlling any process is to understand the system and develop a relationship between inputs and outputs. Having a well-developed mathematical model that represents the system's behavior is important in developing model based controller. An accurate mathematical model is also very important to get a good idea about the process and for the simulation of the developed control technique to guarantee the future prospects of the proposed technique before it is implemented in real-time. System modeling is a useful tool in efficient controller design to achieve the desired output temperature of the sheet at the end of the heating cycle in the thermoforming process. An improved model is presented in this thesis to define a better mathematical relationship between inputs and outputs.Another problem for ill-posed system like heating phase of thermoforming process is to find the set-points of heater temperatures that will heat the plastic sheet to the desired temperature at the end of the heating cycle. In this thesis, a new method is presented using conjugate gradient method to solve this problem along with details analysis of the proposed method. Sensing two dimensional space signals accurately using limited number of sensors is a big challenge in developing a close loop controller. This thesis presents a new method for the estimation of surface temperature and thereby modifies it in such a way that it can estimate sheet temperature independent of sensor positions on the sheet. The proposed method estimate the temperature profile over the entire sheet through its spatial harmonics and the controller can control the spatial harmonics to obtain the desired temperature profile.Although control techniques have been developed for the heating phase of the thermoforming process, oven heater temperatures in the thermoforming industry are still largely adjusted by trial and error based on the experience of the operator. In next part of this thesis, controllers are developed step by step that will achieve desired sheet temperature at the end of the cycle. The first controller developed in this thesis to control the surface temperature of a plastic sheet uses model predictive control (MPC) as a first step. MPC is one of the advanced methods for process control that can handle a multivariable process with presence of non-periodic disturbance. To overcome the computation burden of MPC, Multi-parametric programming is used to compute the optimization problem.On the other hand, the thermoforming process can be described in terms of two distinct time scales, namely, the finite period of continuous time within each repeating cycle, and the cycle index. If the control formulations do not explicitly incorporate or exploit this 2D representation of cyclic systems, it can have limited success in controlling repetitive systems. Two-dimensional learning controller results in advantages over the in-cycle or cycle to cycle feedback control techniques where only in-cycle information or cycle to cycle information was used. For this reason, a real-time feedback control combining in-cycle and cycle-to-cycle strategies is proposed to improve control performance. This approach utilizes not only incoming information from the ongoing cycle, but also the information stored from the past cycles. To deal with constraints as well as non-repetitive disturbances in the process, the MPC technique is incorporated to update the control law within the cycle. To exploit the repetitive nature of the heating phase of the process, a cycle-to-cycle iterative learning control technique direction is proposed. The iterative learning strategy is useful for achieving desired temperature despite model mismatch and disturbances." --
Modeling Control And Temperature Measurement In Rapid Thermal Processing
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Author : John Douglas Stuber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Modeling Control And Temperature Measurement In Rapid Thermal Processing written by John Douglas Stuber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Rapid thermal processing categories.
Fundamentals Of Plastics Thermoforming
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Author : Peter Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Fundamentals Of Plastics Thermoforming written by Peter Klein and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Science categories.
The process of heating and reshaping plastics sheet and film materials has been in use since the beginning of the plastics industry. This process is known as thermoforming. Today this process is used for industrial products including signage, housings, and hot tubs. It also produces much of the packaging in use today including blister packs, egg cartons, and food storage containers. This process has many advantages over other methods of producing these products, but it has some limitations. This book has a twofold purpose. It is designed to be used as a text book for a course on thermoforming. It is also intended to be an application guide for professionals in the field of thermoforming including manufacturing, process and quality engineers, and managers. This book is focused on process application rather than theory. It refers to real products and processes with the intent of understanding the real issues faced in this industry. In addition to materials and processes, part and tool design are covered. Quality control is critical to any operation and this is also covered in this text. Two areas of focus in today's industry include Lean operations and environmental issues. Both of these topics are also included. Table of Contents: Introduction / Plastics Materials / Thermoforming Process Overview / The Forming Process / Part Design Mold / Tool Design / Quality Control Issues / Lean Operations / Environmental Issues
International Aerospace Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
International Aerospace Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Aeronautics categories.
Run To Run Control In Semiconductor Manufacturing
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Author : James Moyne
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-08
Run To Run Control In Semiconductor Manufacturing written by James Moyne and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Run-to-run (R2R) control is cutting-edge technology that allows modification of a product recipe between machine "runs," thereby minimizing process drift, shift, and variability-and with them, costs. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in a variety of processes, such as vapor phase epitaxy, lithography, and chemical mechanical planarization. The only barrier to the semiconductor industry's widespread adoption of this highly effective process control is a lack of understanding of the technology. Run to Run Control in Semiconductor Manufacturing overcomes that barrier by offering in-depth analyses of R2R control.
Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook
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Author : Myer Kutz
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-11-24
Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook written by Myer Kutz and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications, Third Edition presents the fundamentals of plastics engineering, helping bring readers up-to-speed on new plastics, materials, processing and technology. This revised and expanded edition includes the latest developments in plastics, including areas such as biodegradable and biobased plastics, plastic waste, smart polymers, and 3D printing. Sections cover traditional plastics, elastomeric materials, bio-based materials, additives, colorants, fillers and plastics processing, including various key technologies, plastic recycling and waste. The final part of the book examines design and applications, with substantial updates made to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and commercialization. Throughout the handbook, the focus is on engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. Properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field. Offers an ideal reference for new engineers, experienced practitioners and researchers entering a new field or evaluating a new technology Provides an authoritative source of practical advice, presenting guidance that will lead to cost savings and process improvements Includes the latest technology, covering 3D printing, smart polymers and thorough coverage of biobased and biodegradable plastics
Proceedings Of The Asme Materials Division
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Proceedings Of The Asme Materials Division written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biomedical materials categories.
Proceedings Of The Asme Materials Division 2002
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Proceedings Of The Asme Materials Division 2002 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.
Annotation These 50 papers from the November 2002 conference in New Orleans represent recent advances in materials processing science, damage mechanics, and the mechanics of granular materials. They also discuss: electric and magnetic phenomena in micro and nano-scale systems; design and manufacture of composites; and, the processing, characterization, and modeling of novel nanoengineering and surface engineered materials. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).