Modeling Aircraft Contrails And Emission Plumes For Climate Impacts
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Modeling Aircraft Contrails And Emission Plumes For Climate Impacts
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Author : Alexander Dean Naiman
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Modeling Aircraft Contrails And Emission Plumes For Climate Impacts written by Alexander Dean Naiman and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Aircraft emissions lead to contrails and change cloud coverage in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, but their quantitative impact on climate is highly uncertain. As environmental policy turns toward regulating anthropogenic climate change components, it will be necessary to improve quantification of the climate impacts of aviation. Toward this end, we present two models of aircraft emissions. The first model is a large eddy simulation (LES) with three-dimensional, eddy-resolving flow physics and ice deposition/sublimation microphysics. Modeled ice properties, cloud optical depths, and contrail width growth rates are consistent with observational field studies. A series of sensitivity cases shows the effect of various parameters over twenty minutes of simulation time. The analysis focuses on properties such as contrail optical depth and cross-sectional width that are relevant to climate impacts. Vertical wind shear is found to have the strongest effect on these properties through the kinematic spreading of the contrail. In cases with no shear, optical depth is most sensitive to aircraft type and ambient humidity. One model parameter, the effective emission index of ice crystals, is also found to affect optical depth. A subset of the LES cases is run for two hours of simulation time to approach the scale of dynamical time steps modeled by global climate simulations. These cases use more realistic ice microphysics, including sedimentation, and forced ambient turbulence, both of which are processes that control contrail development at late times. The second model is a simple, low cost parameterization of aircraft plume dynamics, intended to be used as a subgrid plume model (SPM) within large scale atmospheric simulations. The SPM provides basic plume cross-section time advancement that has been used as a dilution model within a coupled global atmosphere-ocean climate simulation to study the effects of aviation on air quality and climate. Comparison to the twenty-minute and two-hour LES results demonstrates that the SPM captures important plume development characteristics under the effect of vertical shear and atmospheric turbulence.
Modeling Aircraft Contrails And Emission Plumes For Climate Impacts
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Author : Alexander Dean Naiman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Modeling Aircraft Contrails And Emission Plumes For Climate Impacts written by Alexander Dean Naiman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Aircraft emissions lead to contrails and change cloud coverage in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, but their quantitative impact on climate is highly uncertain. As environmental policy turns toward regulating anthropogenic climate change components, it will be necessary to improve quantification of the climate impacts of aviation. Toward this end, we present two models of aircraft emissions. The first model is a large eddy simulation (LES) with three-dimensional, eddy-resolving flow physics and ice deposition/sublimation microphysics. Modeled ice properties, cloud optical depths, and contrail width growth rates are consistent with observational field studies. A series of sensitivity cases shows the effect of various parameters over twenty minutes of simulation time. The analysis focuses on properties such as contrail optical depth and cross-sectional width that are relevant to climate impacts. Vertical wind shear is found to have the strongest effect on these properties through the kinematic spreading of the contrail. In cases with no shear, optical depth is most sensitive to aircraft type and ambient humidity. One model parameter, the effective emission index of ice crystals, is also found to affect optical depth. A subset of the LES cases is run for two hours of simulation time to approach the scale of dynamical time steps modeled by global climate simulations. These cases use more realistic ice microphysics, including sedimentation, and forced ambient turbulence, both of which are processes that control contrail development at late times. The second model is a simple, low cost parameterization of aircraft plume dynamics, intended to be used as a subgrid plume model (SPM) within large scale atmospheric simulations. The SPM provides basic plume cross-section time advancement that has been used as a dilution model within a coupled global atmosphere-ocean climate simulation to study the effects of aviation on air quality and climate. Comparison to the twenty-minute and two-hour LES results demonstrates that the SPM captures important plume development characteristics under the effect of vertical shear and atmospheric turbulence.
A Review Of Nasa S Atmospheric Effects Of Stratospheric Aircraft Project
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-10-05
A Review Of Nasa S Atmospheric Effects Of Stratospheric Aircraft Project written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The NRC Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (PAEAN) was established to provide guidance to NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Program (AEAP) by evaluating the appropriateness of the program's research plan, appraising the project-sponsored results relative to the current state of scientific knowledge, identifying key scientific uncertainties, and suggesting research activities likely to reduce those uncertainties. Over the last few years, the panel has written periodic reviews of both the subsonic aviation (Subsonic Assessment-SASS) and the supersonic aviation (Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft-AESA) components of AEAP, including: An Interim Review of the Subsonic Assessment Project (1997); An Interim Assessment of AEAP's Emissions Characterization and Near-Field Interactions Elements (1997); An Interim Review of the AESA Project: Science and Progress (1998); Atmospheric Effects of Aviation: A Review of NASA's Subsonic Assessment Project (1998). This report constitutes the final review of AESA and will be the last report written by this panel. The primary audience for these reports is the program managers and scientists affiliated with AEAP, although in some cases the topics discussed are of interest to a wider audience.
Aviation And The Global Atmospheric Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Aviation And The Global Atmospheric Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Aircraft exhaust emissions categories.
"Based essentially on the Special Report on Aviation and Global Atmosphere, this booklet summarises the authoritative assessments of the effects of aviation emissions on the environment."--Forward.
Atmospheric Effects Of Aviation
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-02-19
Atmospheric Effects Of Aviation written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aviation is an integral part of the global transportation network, and the number of flights worldwide is expected to grow rapidly in the coming decades. Yet, the effects that subsonic aircraft emissions may be having upon atmospheric composition and climate are not fully understood. To study such issues, NASA sponsors the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Program (AEAP). The NRC Panel on Atmospheric Effects of Aviation is charged to evaluate AEAP, and in this report, the panel is focusing on the subsonic assessment (SASS) component of the program. This evaluation of SASS/AEAP was based on the report Atmospheric Effects of Subsonic Aircraft: Interim Assessment Report of the Advanced Sub-sonic Technology Program, on a strategic plan developed by SASS managers, and on other relevant documents.
Aviation And Climate Change
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Author : Frank Fichert
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-05-19
Aviation And Climate Change written by Frank Fichert and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-19 with Business & Economics categories.
This book analyses the political, economic and managerial challenges for policy makers and the air transport industry as they face climate change. Based on an overview of the scientific background and technological options for emissions reduction, Aviation and Climate Change provides an in-depth assessment of environmental regulation and management. It provides an up-to-the-minute analysis of the effects of aviation on climate change, and an economic analysis of policies to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. The main emphasis of the book is on the economic mechanisms used to lessen emissions – carbon taxes, emissions trading schemes and offset schemes. It pays particular attention to the ways these policies work, and to the interaction between them – for instance, the interaction between taxes and emissions trading schemes. One feature of the book is that it analyses the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) which has been developed by ICAO for international aviation, and which is due to commence operation shortly. The advantages and disadvantages of this controversial scheme are discussed. This book will be of interest to researchers in diverse areas (economics, political science, engineering, natural sciences), to air transport policy makers, and to managers in the aviation industry.
Aviation And The Global Atmosphere
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Author : Joyce E. Penner
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-06-28
Aviation And The Global Atmosphere written by Joyce E. Penner and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-28 with Science categories.
This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report is the most comprehensive assessment available on the effects of aviation on the global atmosphere. The report considers all the gases and particles emitted by aircraft that modify the chemical properties of the atmosphere, leading to changes in radiative properties and climate change, and modification of the ozone layer, leading to changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. This volume provides accurate, unbiased, policy-relevant information and is designed to serve the aviation industry and the expert and policymaking communities.
Aircraft Design For Reduced Climate Impact
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Author : Emily Dallara
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Aircraft Design For Reduced Climate Impact written by Emily Dallara and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Aircraft affect global climate through emissions of greenhouse gases and their precursors and by altering cirrus cloudiness. Changes in operations and design of future aircraft may be necessary to meet goals for limiting climate change. One method for reducing climate impacts involves designing aircraft to fly at altitudes where the impacts of NOx emissions are less severe and persistent contrail formation is less likely. By considering these altitude effects and additionally applying climate mitigation technologies, impacts can be reduced by 45-70% with simultaneous savings in total operating costs. Uncertainty is assessed, demonstrating that relative climate impact savings can be expected despite large scientific uncertainties. Strategies for improving climate performance of existing aircraft are also explored, revealing potential climate impact savings of 20-40%, traded for a 2% increase in total operating costs and reduced maximum range.
The Federal Aviation Administration S R D Budget Priorities For Fiscal Year 2008
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Federal Aviation Administration S R D Budget Priorities For Fiscal Year 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Aeronautics, Commercial categories.
Climate Change And Aviation
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Author : Stefan Gossling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-05-04
Climate Change And Aviation written by Stefan Gossling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-04 with Business & Economics categories.
'This is a timely, challenging and fascinating book on a topic of central importance to the success or otherwise of our climate change policies. It sets down a clear marker for what has to be done in the aviation sector.' Professor John Whitelegg, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, UK 'Climate Change and Aviation presents a clear picture of the transport sector's greatest challenge: how to reconcile aviation's immense popularity with its considerable environmental damage and its dependence on liquid hydrocarbon energy sources. This book avoids wishful thinking and takes the much harder, but more productive, path of considering difficult solutions that clash with short-term and short-sighted expectations about the unlimited growth potential for flying.' Professor Anthony Perl, Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Canada 'A convincing and timely collection that brings together an impressive range of expertise. The book integrates various perspectives into a powerful core argument - we must do something, and quickly, to tackle the impact of aviation on our environment. The authors recognise the political difficulties associated with promoting change but present constructive options for policy makers. Required reading, especially for transport ministers set on promoting the growth of air travel.' Professor Jon Shaw, Director of the Centre for Sustainable Transport, University of Plymouth, UK Trends such as the massive growth in availability of air travel and air freight are among those which have led to aviation becoming one of the fastest growing emitters of greenhouse gases. These trends have also caused a shift in expectations of how we do business, where we go on holiday, and what food and goods we can buy. For these reasons aviation is (and is set to stay) high up on global political, organizational and media agendas. This textbook is the first to attempt a comprehensive review of the topic, bringing together an international team of leading scientists. Starting with the science of the environmental issues, it moves on to cover drivers and trends of growth, socio-economics and politics, as well as mitigation options, the result being a broad yet detailed examination of the field. This is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in transport, tourism, the environment, geography and beyond, while also being a valuable resource for professionals and policymakers seeking a clear understanding of this complex yet urgently pressing issue.