Modeling Individual Differences In Perceptual Decision Making
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Modeling Individual Differences In Perceptual Decision Making
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Author : Joseph W. Houpt
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-01-18
Modeling Individual Differences In Perceptual Decision Making written by Joseph W. Houpt and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-18 with Cognitive psychology categories.
To deal with the abundant amount of information in the environment in order to achieve our goals, human beings adopt a strategy to accumulate some information and filter out other information to ultimately make decisions. Since the development of cognitive science in the 1960s, researchers have been interested in understanding how human beings process and accumulate information for decision-making. Researchers have conducted extensive behavioral studies and applied a wide range of modeling tools to study human behavior in simple-detection tasks and two-choice decision tasks (e.g., discrimination, classification). In general, researchers often assume that the manner in which information is processed for decision-making is invariant across individuals given a particular experimental context. Independent variables, including speed-accuracy instructions, stimulus properties (i.e., intensity), and characteristics of the participants (i.e., aging, cognitive ability) are assumed to affect the parameters in a model (i.e., speed of information accumulation, response bias) but not the way that participants process information (e.g., the order of information processing). Given these assumptions, much modeling has been accomplished based on the grouped data, rather than the individual data. However, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that there were individual differences in the perceptual decision process. In the same task context, different groups of the participants may process information in different manners. The capacity and architecture of the decision mechanism were found to vary across individuals, implying that humans’ decision strategies can vary depending on the context to maximize their performance. In this special issue, we focused on a particular subset of cognitive models, particularly accumulator models, multinomial processing trees and systems factorial technology (SFT) as applied to perceptual decision making. The motivation for the focus on perceptual decision-making is threefold. Empirical studies of perception have grown out of a history of making a large number of observations for each individual so as to achieve precise estimates of each individual’s performance. This type of data, rather than a small number of observations per individual, is most amenable to achieving precision in individual-level and group-level cognitive modeling. Second, the interaction between the acquisition of perceptual information and the decisions based on that information (to the extent that those processes are distinguishable) offers rich data for scientific exploration. Finally, there is an increasing interest in the practical application of individual variation in perceptual ability, whether to inform perceptual training and expertise, or to guide personnel decisions. Although these practical applications are beyond the scope of this issue, we hope that the research presented herein may serve as the foundation for future endeavors in that domain.
Organizational Simulation
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Author : William B. Rouse
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2005-07-22
Organizational Simulation written by William B. Rouse and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
From modeling and simulation to games and entertainment With contributions from leaders in systems and organizational modeling, behavioral and social sciences, computing and visualization, and gaming and entertainment, Organizational Simulation both articulates the grand vision of immersive environments and shows, in detail, how to realize it. This book offers unparalleled insight into the cutting edge of the field, since it was written by those who actually researched, designed, developed, deployed, marketed, sold, and critiqued today's best organizational simulations. The coverage is divided into four sections: * Introduction outlines the need for organizational simulation to support strategic thinking, design of unprecedented systems, and organizational learning, including the functionality and technology required to enable this support * Behaviors covers the state of knowledge of individual, group, and team behaviors and performance, how performance can best be supported, how performance is affected by national differences, and how organizational performance can best be measured * Modeling describes the latest approaches to modeling and simulating people, groups, teams, and organizations, as well as narrative contexts and organizational environments within which these entities act, drawing from a rich set of modeling methods and tools * Simulations and Games illustrates a wide range of fielded simulations, games, and entertainment, including the methods and tools employed for designing, developing, deploying, and evaluating these systems, as well as the social implications for the associated communities that have emerged Addressing all levels of organizational simulation architecture with theories and applications, and enabling technologies for each, Organizational Simulation offers students and professionals the premier reference and practical toolbox for this dynamic field.
Ethics In Public Management
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Author : H George Frederickson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07-22
Ethics In Public Management written by H George Frederickson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-22 with Business & Economics categories.
The groundbreaking "Ethics in Public Administration" set the agenda for a decade's worth of research in the theory and practice of ethics in the public sector. This long-awaited follow-up volume represents the state of the art in research on administrative ethics. It features all new contributions by many of the leading figures in the field, and addresses both the managerial and individual/moral dimensions of ethical behavior as well as new challenges to administrative ethics posed by globalization. A detailed introduction, opening passage, and conclusion lend context to each of the book's four main sections. "Ethics in Public Management" is must reading for any graduate level course in public sector ethics.
An Introduction To Model Based Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : Birte U. Forstmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-04-20
An Introduction To Model Based Cognitive Neuroscience written by Birte U. Forstmann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-20 with Medical categories.
Two recent innovations, the emergence of formal cognitive models and the addition of cognitive neuroscience data to the traditional behavioral data, have resulted in the birth of a new, interdisciplinary field of study: model-based cognitive neuroscience. Despite the increasing scientific interest in model-based cognitive neuroscience, few active researchers and even fewer students have a good knowledge of the two constituent disciplines. The main goal of this edited collection is to promote the integration of cognitive modeling and cognitive neuroscience. Experts in the field will provide tutorial-style chapters that explain particular techniques and highlight their usefulness through concrete examples and numerous case studies. The book will also include a thorough list of references pointing the reader towards additional literature and online resources.
Dimensionality Reduction In Machine Learning
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Author : Jamal Amani Rad
language : en
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Release Date : 2025-02-04
Dimensionality Reduction In Machine Learning written by Jamal Amani Rad and has been published by Morgan Kaufmann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-04 with Computers categories.
Dimensionality Reduction in Machine Learning covers both the mathematical and programming sides of dimension reduction algorithms, comparing them in various aspects. Part One provides an introduction to Machine Learning and the Data Life Cycle, with chapters covering the basic concepts of Machine Learning, essential mathematics for Machine Learning, and the methods and concepts of Feature Selection. Part Two covers Linear Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Part Three covers Non-Linear Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Linear Local Embedding, Multi-dimensional Scaling, and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding.Finally, Part Four covers Deep Learning Methods for Dimension Reduction, with chapters on Feature Extraction and Deep Learning, Autoencoders, and Dimensionality reduction in deep learning through group actions. With this stepwise structure and the applied code examples, readers become able to apply dimension reduction algorithms to different types of data, including tabular, text, and image data. - Provides readers with a comprehensive overview of various dimension reduction algorithms, including linear methods, non-linear methods, and deep learning methods - Covers the implementation aspects of algorithms supported by numerous code examples - Compares different algorithms so the reader can understand which algorithm is suitable for their purpose - Includes algorithm examples that are supported by a Github repository which consists of full notebooks for the programming code
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Ocd Across The Lifespan Current Diagnostic Challenges And The Search For Personalized Treatment
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Author : Roseli Gedanke Shavitt
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-03
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Ocd Across The Lifespan Current Diagnostic Challenges And The Search For Personalized Treatment written by Roseli Gedanke Shavitt and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-03 with Medical categories.
Business Management And Organizational Behaviour
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Author : Karam Pal
language : en
Publisher: Techsar Pvt. Ltd.
Release Date : 2011-07-13
Business Management And Organizational Behaviour written by Karam Pal and has been published by Techsar Pvt. Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Business Management and Organizational Behaviour is divided into two parts. The first part contains the fundamentals of business management including management process and the second part deals with organizational behaviour. The theories in the book are supported by many examples from different business sectors in the Indian scenario. It is written in a simple, self-instructional style for easy understanding of the students. Every chapter begins with an introduction followed by learning objectives of that chapter and is followed by a summary and review questions to help students structure their learning. A glossary of key terms has also been appended at the end of the book to enable students to locate the relevant information quickly. The book has been written in accordance with the UGC guidelines and provides comprehensive coverage of the subject.
Cognitive Choice Modeling
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Author : Zheng Joyce Wang
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-03-09
Cognitive Choice Modeling written by Zheng Joyce Wang and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-09 with Science categories.
The emerging interdisciplinary field of cognitive choice models integrates theory and recent research findings from both decision process and choice behavior. Cognitive decision processes provide the interface between the environment and brain, enabling choice behavior, and the basic cognitive mechanisms underlying decision processes are fundamental to all fields of human activity. Yet cognitive processes and choice processes are often studied separately, whether by decision theorists, consumer researchers, or social scientists. In Cognitive Choice Modeling, Zheng Joyce Wang and Jerome R. Busemeyer introduce a new cognitive modeling approach to the study of human choice behavior. Integrating recent research findings from both cognitive science and choice behavior, they lay the groundwork for the emerging interdisciplinary field of cognitive choice modeling.
Modeling Human Behavior With Integrated Cognitive Architectures
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Author : Kevin A. Gluck
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2006-04-21
Modeling Human Behavior With Integrated Cognitive Architectures written by Kevin A. Gluck and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-21 with Computers categories.
Modeling Human Behavior With Integrated Cognitive Architectures summarizes the results of four years of collaborative research within the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research.
Dynamics Of Decision Making From Evidence To Preference And Belief
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Author : Erica Yu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-10-24
Dynamics Of Decision Making From Evidence To Preference And Belief written by Erica Yu and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-24 with Decision making categories.
At the core of the many debates throughout cognitive science concerning how decisions are made are the processes governing the time course of preference formation and decision. From perceptual choices, such as whether the signal on a radar screen indicates an enemy missile or a spot on a CT scan indicates a tumor, to cognitive value-based decisions, such as selecting an agreeable flatmate or deciding the guilt of a defendant, significant and everyday decisions are dynamic over time. Phenomena such as decoy effects, preference reversals and order effects are still puzzling researchers. For example, in a legal context, jurors receive discrete pieces of evidence in sequence, and must integrate these pieces together to reach a singular verdict. From a standard Bayesian viewpoint the order in which people receive the evidence should not influence their final decision, and yet order effects seem a robust empirical phenomena in many decision contexts. Current research on how decisions unfold, especially in a dynamic environment, is advancing our theoretical understanding of decision making. This Research Topic aims to review and further explore the time course of a decision - from how prior beliefs are formed to how those beliefs are used and updated over time, towards the formation of preferences and choices and post-decision processes and effects. Research literatures encompassing varied approaches to the time-scale of decisions will be brought into scope: a) Speeded decisions (and post-decision processes) that require the accumulation of noisy and possibly non-stationary perceptual evidence (e.g., randomly moving dots stimuli), within a few seconds, with or without temporal uncertainty. b) Temporally-extended, value-based decisions that integrate feedback values (e.g., gambling machines) and internally-generated decision criteria (e.g., when one switches attention, selectively, between the various aspects of several choice alternatives). c) Temporally extended, belief-based decisions that build on the integration of evidence, which interacts with the decision maker's belief system, towards the updating of the beliefs and the formation of judgments and preferences (as in the legal context). Research that emphasizes theoretical concerns (including optimality analysis) and mechanisms underlying the decision process, both neural and cognitive, is presented, as well as research that combines experimental and computational levels of analysis.