Modeling Optimal Transition Pathways To A Low Carbon Economy In California
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Modeling Optimal Transition Pathways To A Low Carbon Economy In California
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Author : Edward Arens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Modeling Optimal Transition Pathways To A Low Carbon Economy In California written by Edward Arens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Air quality management categories.
Carbon Governance Climate Change And Business Transformation
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Author : Adam Bumpus
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-07-17
Carbon Governance Climate Change And Business Transformation written by Adam Bumpus and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Transformation to a low carbon economy is a central tenet to any discussion on the solutions to the complex challenges of climate change and energy security. Despite advances in policy, carbon management and continuing development of clean technology, fundamental business transformation has not occurred because of multiple political, economic, social and organisational issues. Carbon Governance, Climate Change and Business Transformation is based on leading academic and industry input, and three international workshops focused on low carbon transformation in leading climate policy jurisdictions (Canada, USA and the UK) under the international Carbon Governance Project (CGP) banner. The book pulls insights from this innovative collaborative network to identify the policy combinations needed to create transformative change. It explores fundamental questions about how governments and the private sector conceptualize the problem of climate change, the conditions under which business transformation can genuinely take place and key policy and business innovations needed. Broadly, the book is based on emerging theories of multi-levelled, multi-actor carbon governance, and applies these ideas to the real world implications for tackling climate change through business transformation. Conceptually and empirically, this book stimulates both academic discussion and practical business models for low carbon transformation.
Understanding The Role Of Transportation In Meeting California S Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target
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Author : Saleh Zakerinia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Understanding The Role Of Transportation In Meeting California S Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target written by Saleh Zakerinia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The CA-TIMES is an energy economic optimization model that is being developed at UC Davis to study how California can meet its stringent GHG emissions target in 2050. The focus of the CA-TIMES is on identifying optimal and feasible pathways that can potentially be used to achieve the GHG reduction target by 2050. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to learn about the future options and policies for a low carbon energy system and transportation sector. It consists of three chapters build upon and extend the CA-TIMES framework, and address three key issues in energy/economic modeling. Cost-effectiveness is an imperative performance measure in the policy world to evaluate any potential technology/policy measures considered for adoption to meet the long-term reduction target. Currently, insufficient attention has been paid to individual technology options or policy measures and their relative cost-effectiveness in the results of CA-TIMES, e.g. how cost-effective are electric vehicles under different scenarios/policies. In the first chapter, I address the shortcomings of conventional cost-effectiveness curves, which are widely used in the policy world. The obtained curves in this chapter show cost-effectiveness of various technology and policy options considering system-wide behavioral, technological, and intertemporal interactions. The underlying assumption of a technology-forcing policy, where a regulator specifies a standard that cannot be met with the existing technology without switching to more expensive options, is that technology costs will eventually come down with more investments in R&D and/or deployment of technologies due to so-called “learning by doing”. The current version of the CA-TIMES model does not consider endogenous technological learning and the effects of technology-forcing policies on technological learning. In this chapter, I will incorporate endogenous learning into the CA-TIMES model where future values of technology costs are no longer a function of time alone, but they depend on the cumulative investment decisions taken by the model. The results show the ZEV mandate play a critical role in promoting zero-emissions vehicles in the absence of carbon cap as well as in the medium-term. However, carbon cap is a single important policy in promoting zero-emissions vehicles in the long-term. In the third chapter, I expand the existing California TIMES (CA-TIMES) model and include the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) electricity region into this model, I explore the impact of California's policies on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council grid. My analysis shows that a climate target on California only and not on the other states could contribute to the greening of power plants in the Western States, driven by the possibility to export electricity to California. When a carbon target is extended to the grid of all Western States, as well as the entire energy system of California, there cannot be zero emissions without adopting carbon capture and storage. Together this dissertation presents novel methodological improvements to the CA-TIMES energy/economic framework, enabling a more nuanced view of California's transition to a low Carbon transportation energy system, under different policy and technology assumptions.
Optimal Climate Policy As If The Transition Matters
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Author : Emanuele Campiglio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Optimal Climate Policy As If The Transition Matters written by Emanuele Campiglio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
The optimal transition to a low-carbon economy must account for adjustment costs in switching from dirty to clean capital, technological progress, and economic and climatic shocks. We study the low-carbon transition using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with emissions abatement costs calibrated on a large energy modelling database, solved with recursive methods. We show how capital inertia puts upward pressure on emissions and temperatures in the short run, but that nonetheless it is optimal to actively disinvest from - to 'strand' - a significant share of the dirty capital stock. Conversely, clean technological progress, as well as uncertainty about climatic and economic factors, lead to lower emissions and temperatures in the long run. Putting these factors together, we estimate a net premium of 33% on the optimal carbon price today relative to a 'straw man' model with perfect capital mobility, fixed abatement costs and no uncertainty.
China S Power Sector Decarbonization
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Author : Anne-Perrine Martine Avrin (Louise)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
China S Power Sector Decarbonization written by Anne-Perrine Martine Avrin (Louise) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
China has become the “world’s factory” and lifted up several millions of people out of poverty through decades of economic reforms. However, this socio-economic development, fueled by coal, has heavily impacted the energy landscape and the environment. Today, China is both the global largest polluter and largest developer of clean energy systems. The unprecedented extent of the country’s power sector challenges and opportunities requires to refine current capacity planning models to better inform policy making. Focusing on climate urgency, this study contributes to filling this need by proposing new modeling frameworks. These models offer a fine-grain analysis of China’s power sector decarbonization potential, by grounding long-term electricity mix expansion planning into inter-sectoral development. Using large datasets of technical, economic and social factors, levers of the clean power transition are analyzed by quantifying and comparing their decarbonization potential, technical feasibility, and cost efficiency over time and across regions and resources. The first lever lies in the coordinated expansion of a low-carbon electricity grid, resilient to renewable energy intermittency and disparities in space and time between energy resources and demand. The high-resolution model SWITCH-China is used to explore optimal capacity expansion pathways for China’s electricity mix under various low-carbon policies. Results show that, while natural gas can become a bridge between the current coal-dominated grid and a future clean electricity mix, a deep decarbonization scenario mostly relies on the concomitant deployment of nuclear—inland, encouraged by advanced nuclear technology development—, wind, solar, energy storage, coal with carbon capture and storage, and an expanded transmission network. Meeting this long-term decarbonization goal increases electricity costs significantly compared to an unconstrained scenario. A modular approach, adaptable to traditional cost-minimizing tools used by planning agencies, is proposed to reduce uncertainty of future technological costs as well as costs resulting from electricity generation intermittency. The model finds that there exist alternatives to the least-cost strategy, which present slightly higher overall electricity costs, but much lower risks. In particular, given the predominance of fossil fuel in the current electricity mix, the deployment of low-carbon systems decreases the overall risk on future costs through diversification, even by accounting for increased operational complexity resulting from renewable energy intermittency. The second lever is the integration of linkages between power and water supply into the optimization framework, as China currently faces both severe water shortages and severe water pollution. Results show that, while total costs of the South to North Water Transfer Project are 2.5 times lower than nuclear desalination, the latter emits six times less CO2. In addition, fresh water from nuclear desalination is shown to be affordable even to the poorest households. Challenges posed by the construction and operation of interregional water diversion suggest that it should only be used in dry inland areas, while low-carbon desalination could be developed at larger scale near coastal economic centers. The DESEC model is developed to explore controllable desalination, powered by nuclear, wind, or solar energy, as a mean to alleviate water scarcity in coastal regions while enabling the wide deployment of a low-curtailment clean power base. Desalination, used as a deferrable load, can transform two low-value products, seawater and excess power from non-dispatchable energies, in a high-value product, fresh water. The DESEC model finds that the North China Grid region’s entire water deficit—61.4 billion m3—can be met entirely by deferrable desalination with a total cost of about $1.5/m3, less than the global average water price. Analyses conclude that there exist local alternatives to current national-scale power and water diversion projects, more adapted to regional characteristics, less prone to risks and disruptions. The third lever is the electrification of urban passenger cars, as the sector is poised for massive expansion in the next decade. Findings show that the near-term deployment of electric vehicles cannot be enabled by technology cost decrease alone. If the current impact from favorable policy is maintained but not amplified, CO2 emissions from urban passenger cars will peak around 2040, or ten years past the official 2030 carbon peak target. In fact, although it demonstrates higher costs in the near term, large-scale vehicle electrification is the least-cost, least-CO2-emission pathway for China’s urban transportation expansion in the long run. Generally, model results reveal that massive investment is needed in R&D and infrastructure capacity deployment, and that utilities and institutions must be reformed to manage resources rationally, hand-in-hand. Many of the studied decarbonization options have not reached a mature stage or have not been deployed at utility-scale today, and future work is required to better account for modeling and data uncertainty. Yet, models developed, used and presented in this study all reveal the existence of viable, cost-efficient options to enable meaningful decarbonization while alleviating water scarcity and air pollution. These strategies can only be achieved by combining central-scale coordination with local-scale implementation, to take advantage of China’s diverse and rich territory while minimizing risks. This dissertation provides new approaches for identifying realistic, affordable capacity expansion pathways, rigorously designed by mathematical optimization and large datasets, to reduce CO2 emissions related to the power sector in line with climate targets. The impact that China will have on climate change and its ability to ensure its long-term sustainability will depend on actual decisions and actions undertaken by governmental and private entities. The success of the clean energy transition is contingent on the country’s ability to encourage technological, economic and institutional innovation.
Managing The Transition To A Low Carbon Economy
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Author : Bindu N. Lohani
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2016-03-08
Managing The Transition To A Low Carbon Economy written by Bindu N. Lohani and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Asia must be at the center of the global fight against climate change. It is the world’s most populous region, with high economic growth, a rising share of global greenhouse gas emissions, and the most vulnerability to climate risks. Its current resource- and emission-intensive growth pattern is not sustainable. This study recognizes low-carbon green growth as an imperative—not an option—for developing Asia. Asia has already started to move toward low-carbon green growth. Many emerging economies have started to use sustainable development to bring competitiveness to their industries and to serve growing green technology markets. The aim of this study is to share the experiences of emerging Asian economies and the lessons learned. The book assesses the low-carbon and green policies and practices taken by Asian countries, identifies gaps, and examines new opportunities for low-carbon green growth.
Understanding Risks And Uncertainties In Energy And Climate Policy
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Author : Haris Doukas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-10
Understanding Risks And Uncertainties In Energy And Climate Policy written by Haris Doukas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-10 with Business & Economics categories.
This open access book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies’ implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.
Macroeconomic And Financial Policies For Climate Change Mitigation A Review Of The Literature
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Author : Signe Krogstrup
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-09-04
Macroeconomic And Financial Policies For Climate Change Mitigation A Review Of The Literature written by Signe Krogstrup and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Mitigation requires a large-scale transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper provides an overview of the rapidly growing literature on the role of macroeconomic and financial policy tools in enabling this transition. The literature provides a menu of policy tools for mitigation. A key conclusion is that fiscal tools are first in line and central, but can and may need to be complemented by financial and monetary policy instruments. Some tools and policies raise unanswered questions about policy tool assignment and mandates, which we describe. The literature is scarce, however, on the most effective policy mix and the role of mitigation tools and goals in the overall policy framework.
100 Renewable Energy Transition
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Author : Claudia Kemfert
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-01-23
100 Renewable Energy Transition written by Claudia Kemfert and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Energy markets are already undergoing considerable transitions to accommodate new (renewable) energy forms, new (decentral) energy players, and new system requirements, e.g. flexibility and resilience. Traditional energy markets for fossil fuels are therefore under pressure, while not-yet-mature (renewable) energy markets are emerging. As a consequence, investments in large-scale and capital intensive (traditional) energy production projects are surrounded by high uncertainty, and are difficult to hedge by private entities. Traditional energy production companies are transforming into energy service suppliers and companies aggregating numerous potential market players are emerging, while regulation and system management are playing an increasing role. To address these increasing uncertainties and complexities, economic analysis, forecasting, modeling and investment assessment require fresh approaches and views. Novel research is thus required to simulate multiple actor interplays and idiosyncratic behavior. The required approaches cannot deal only with energy supply, but need to include active demand and cover systemic aspects. Energy market transitions challenge policy-making. Market coordination failure, the removal of barriers hindering restructuring and the combination of market signals with command-and-control policy measures are some of the new aims of policies. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research papers that address the above issues using novel methods from any adequate perspective, including economic analysis, modeling of systems, behavioral forecasting, and policy assessment. The issue will include, but is not be limited to: Local control schemes and algorithms for distributed generation systems Centralized and decentralized sustainable energy management strategies Communication architectures, protocols and properties of practical applications Topologies of distributed generation systems improving flexibility, efficiency and power quality Practical issues in the control design and implementation of distributed generation systems Energy transition studies for optimized pathway options aiming for high levels of sustainability
Narratives Of Low Carbon Transitions
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Author : Taylor & Francis Group
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-30
Narratives Of Low Carbon Transitions written by Taylor & Francis Group and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-30 with categories.
"The Open Access version of this book, available at https: //doi.org/10.4324/9780429458781, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license." This book examines the uncertainties underlying various strategies for a low-carbon future. Most prominently, such strategies relate to transitions in the energy sector, on both the supply and the demand side. At the same time they interact with other sectors, such as industrial production, transport, and building, and ultimately require new behaviour patterns at household and individual levels. Currently, much research is available on the effectiveness of these strategies but, in order to successfully implement comprehensive transition pathways, it is crucial not only to understand the benefits but also the risks. Filling this gap, this volume provides an interdisciplinary, conceptual framework to assess risks and uncertainties associated with low-carbon policies and applies this consistently across 11 country cases from around the world, illustrating alternative transition pathways in various contexts. The cases are presented as narratives, drawing on stakeholder-driven research efforts. They showcase diverse empirical evidence reflecting the complex challenges to and potential negative consequences of such pathways. Together, they enable the reader to draw valuable lessons on the risks and uncertainties associated with choosing the envisaged transition pathways, as well as ways to manage the implementation of these pathways and ultimately enable sustainable and lasting social and environmental effects. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of environmental and energy policy, low-carbon transitions, renewable energy technologies, climate change action, and sustainability in general.