Modeling Trade And Income Distribution In Six Developing Countries
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Modeling Trade And Income Distribution In Six Developing Countries
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Author : Britz, W., Jafari, Y., Nekhay, O., Roson, R.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2022-03-04
Modeling Trade And Income Distribution In Six Developing Countries written by Britz, W., Jafari, Y., Nekhay, O., Roson, R. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-04 with Political Science categories.
This paper presents an empirical exercise, aimed at investigating the implications on poverty and income distribution of a reference scenario (SSP2) of economic development. It does so by coupling a dynamic general equilibrium model of the global economy, specifically designed to capture structural change dynamics in the medium and long run, with detailed micro data on household income in six countries: Albania, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nicaragua and Viet Nam. We also consider an alternative scenario of accelerated international trade integration, with a higher degree of trade openness. We found that long run structural change widens income inequality in all six developing countries. Accelerated trade integration amplifies the effect further, but most of it is already generated in the baseline scenario. A decrease in the relative value of land property and an increase in the relative value of capital ownership appear as key determinants. We decompose income differentials in three dimensions. Structural change worsens the income gap between male and female headed households, but the additional impact of trade is minimal. The effect of structural change is not uniform across countries when the income of rural households is contrasted with that of urban households, yet more trade reduces the relative rural income. Relative poverty increases in both the baseline and the larger trade volume case. However, we found that absolute poverty would be eradicated in almost all countries by the year 2050.
Modeling Trade And Income Distribution In Six Developing Countries
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Author : Wolfgang Britz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Modeling Trade And Income Distribution In Six Developing Countries written by Wolfgang Britz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Agricultural Trade Reform And The Doha Development Agenda
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Agricultural Trade Reform And The Doha Development Agenda written by Kym Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This paper examines the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. The World Bank's LINKAGE model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries. Real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes, would rise substantially in those developing country regions, thereby helping to reduce poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could take the world some way towards those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut, and the more not just high-income but also developing countries choose to engage in the process of reform.
The Impact Of Macroeconomic Policies On Poverty And Income Distribution
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Author : Luiz A. Pereira da Silva
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-06-19
The Impact Of Macroeconomic Policies On Poverty And Income Distribution written by Luiz A. Pereira da Silva and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-19 with Political Science categories.
A companion to the bestseller, The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution, this title deals with theoretical challenges and cutting-edge macro-micro linkage models. The authors compare the predictive and analytical power of various macro-micro linkage techniques using the traditional RHG approach as a benchmark to evaluate standard policies, such as a typical stabilization package and a typical structural reform policy.
Modeling Developing Countries Policies In General Equilibrium
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Author : Jaime De Melo
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-02-26
Modeling Developing Countries Policies In General Equilibrium written by Jaime De Melo and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-26 with Political Science categories.
Policies affecting resource allocation across tradable sectors and those affecting the incentives to produce tradable activities are key determinants of macroeconomic balance and growth. Computable general equilibrium models have made significant contributions to both types of policies. With advancements in computing power and software, these models have become easy to implement and are now widespread. The question then is when and how to formulate them to avoid the ‘black box’ syndrome.This book seeks to address these issues through carefully selected essays that analyse how to model general equilibrium linkages in a single economy, across developing and developed economies, and across both micro and macro policies. Micro policies examined include tariffs quotas and VERs, the choice of taxes to maximize government revenue, migration and remittances, and the political economy of tariff setting. Applications on macro policies cover capital inflows, real exchange rate determination, and the modeling of the effects of adjustment policies on income distribution.The book provides insights on the development of a family of models for diverse policy choices, focusing on the ways to model the following: links between tradable and non-tradable activities, labor markets, and portfolio choices given limited capital mobility. Selected essays are all inspired by specific policy problems, including the adaptation to external shocks (i.e. oil), consequences of capital inflows, determinants of migration and associated remittances, the productivity of foreign aid, and rent-seeking activities under trade regimes with non-price trade restrictions. Examples in this book lay out the theoretical foundations, alongside a variety of applications, to help formulate coherent and transparent models for policy analysis. Archetype economies are extensively used to show how differences in economic structure influence the effects of policies. Graduate students and policy analysts interested in modeling will find this a useful compendium of studies.
The Macroeconomics Of Developing Countries
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Author : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Macroeconomics Of Developing Countries written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Business & Economics categories.
The book focuses on the short- and long-term macroeconomic challenges faced by developing countries characterized by missing, incomplete and dualistic markets and weak institutions. Such problems affect long-term growth, short-term macroeconomic equilibrium, employment and inequality far more than in the advanced economies. A central message of the book is that ignoring these features and applying to developing countries models inspired by the reality of advanced economies may lead to wrong conclusions and policies. These challenges are discussed for a number of architypes of developing economies dependent on land and natural resources, affected by supply rigidities in agriculture, and featuring dualistic markets, a dominant informal sector, fast population growth, and chronic dependence on the export of commodities and a volatile external finance. Finally, the book discusses the impact on growth, inequality and poverty of the stabilization and structural adjustment reforms that were increasingly implemented during the last 30 years. These issues have acquired center stage after the launch of the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals initiatives that have not spelled out a clear macroeconomic approach. There is a risk therefore that wrong policies and sudden shocks may derail the progress towards the SDGs achieved by means of social policies
Modelling Macroeconomic Adjustment With Growth In Developing Economies
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Author : Sushanta K. Mallick
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-08-13
Modelling Macroeconomic Adjustment With Growth In Developing Economies written by Sushanta K. Mallick and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-13 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1999, this influential volume explores Macroeconomic Adjustment with a particular focus on India. Its inspiration originated from the introduction of stabilisation and structural adjustment policies in India in 1991. Mallick examines the application of this policy package by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to Developing Economies. First looking at the initial conditions and generators of imbalances, the appropriate policy framework for India’s initial conditions and structural characteristics is considered. While the effectiveness of the IMF had been strongly criticised, Mallick explains how it could be used more effectively. He argues that the programs applied are often contradictory and, using India as an example, examines the effects of policy reform on its trade sector, the repercussions on the direct economy and the costs associated with such policies in restoring stability and future economic growth, with particular support for the Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. Mallick forwards a new structural model for policy purposes, evaluated for overall performance and optimal control.
Academic Studies On Social And Economic Issues
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Author : Prof. Dr. Berna BALCI İZGİ
language : en
Publisher: Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim Yayın Gıda Sanayi ve Pazarlama Tic. Ltd. Şti.
Release Date : 2022-12-21
Academic Studies On Social And Economic Issues written by Prof. Dr. Berna BALCI İZGİ and has been published by Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim Yayın Gıda Sanayi ve Pazarlama Tic. Ltd. Şti. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Globalization And Poverty
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Author : Ann Harrison
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
Globalization And Poverty written by Ann Harrison and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Economic Growth And Sustainable Development
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Author : Peter N. Hess
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-26
Economic Growth And Sustainable Development written by Peter N. Hess and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic growth, reflected in increases in national output per capita, makes possible an improved material standard of living and the alleviation of poverty. Sustainable development, popularly and concisely defined as ‘meeting the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs,' directly addresses the utilization of natural resources, the state of the environment, and intergenerational equity. Now in its second edition, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development features expanded discussion of income distribution, social capital and the insights of behavioural economics for climate change mitigation. Boxed case studies have been added which explore the impact of economic growth on people and countries in both the developed and developing world. This text addresses the following fundamental questions: What causes economic growth? Why do some countries grow faster than others? What accounts for the extraordinary growth in the world’s population over the past two centuries? What are the current trends in population and will these trends continue? How do we measure sustainable development and is sustainable development compatible with economic growth? Why is climate change the greatest market failure of all time? What can be done to mitigate climate change and global warming? With a blend of formal models, empirical evidence, history and policy, this text provides a coherent and comprehensive treatment of economic growth and sustainable development. It is suitable for those who study development economics, sustainable development and ecological economics.