Modellierung Und Bewertung Von Prozessketten Zur Herstellung Von Biokraftstoffen Der Zweiten Generation
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Modellierung Und Bewertung Von Prozessketten Zur Herstellung Von Biokraftstoffen Der Zweiten Generation
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Author : Pierre Kerdoncuff
language : de
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2008
Modellierung Und Bewertung Von Prozessketten Zur Herstellung Von Biokraftstoffen Der Zweiten Generation written by Pierre Kerdoncuff and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Physics categories.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methodik zur techno-ökonomischen und ökologischen Analyse und Bewertung von Prozessketten zur Herstellung synthetischer Kraftstoffe vorgestellt. Die Methodik kann in einer frühen Planungsphase angewendet werden und schließt eine Standortplanung zur Ausarbeitung und Bewertung von Realisierungsszenarien für ein festgelegtes Zielgebiet ein. Sie wird anhand ausgewählter Szenarien zur Realisierung einer Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese in Baden-Württemberg dargestellt.
Modellierung Und Bewertung Von Prozessketten Zur Herstellung Von Biokraftstoffen Der Zweiten Generation
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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Modellierung Und Bewertung Von Prozessketten Zur Herstellung Von Biokraftstoffen Der Zweiten Generation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Mit Hilfe mikrotechnischer Fertigungsverfahren und Aufbau- und Verbindungstechniken wurde ein mikrofluidisches System mit integrierten weichmagnetischen Strukturen hergestellt. Magnetpartikel können ins System gebracht und über ein externes Magnetfeld separiert werden. Das Transport- und Separationsverhalten der Magnetpartikel im mikrofluidischen System wurde untersucht.
Challenges For Sustainable Biomass Utilisation Proceedings Of The Chilean German Biociclo Workshop Karlsruhe 26 03 2009
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Author : Michael Hiete
language : en
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Challenges For Sustainable Biomass Utilisation Proceedings Of The Chilean German Biociclo Workshop Karlsruhe 26 03 2009 written by Michael Hiete and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biomass chemicals categories.
"The industrial or energetic use of woody or herbal biomass can provide solutions to the ecologic and economic problems of the growing worldwide demand for energy and fuel. A two-year research exchange named Biociclo between the Universidad de Concepcion (Chile) and the Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) (Germany) aimed at establishing contracts for supporting joint research in the field. This book contains the contributions for the final workshop of this exchange funded by the German BMBF and the Chilean CONICYT. It reflects the internationality and interdisciplinarity of the workshop's participants and the scope of the contributed papers about Biomass Utilization Paths in Chile, Pyrolysis and Life-Cycle Assessment of Biomass and Logistic Concepts of Biomass Utilization Concepts. We are glad to offer a documentation, which may foster the exchange of scientific approaches and their practical application."--Publisher's description.
Sustainability And Life Cycle Assessment In Industrial Biotechnology
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Author : Magnus Fröhling
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-16
Sustainability And Life Cycle Assessment In Industrial Biotechnology written by Magnus Fröhling and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-16 with Science categories.
This book reviews the assessment of industrial biotechnology products and processes from a sustainable perspective. Industrial Biotechnology is a comparably young field which comes along with high expectations with regard to sustainability issues. These stem from the promise of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and replacing fossil resources in the near or later future and using green technology, i.e. more environmentally friendly technologies. The intended economic, ecological and social benefits, however, need to be proven, resulting in a variety of challenges, both from a methodological and application point of view. In this book, specific assessment and application topics of industrial biotechnology are addressed, highlighting challenges and solutions for both developers and users of assessment methods. In twelve chapters, experts in their particular fields define the scope, characterize industrial biotechnology and show in their contributions the state of the art, challenges and prospects of assessing industrial biotechnology products and processes. The chapter 'Societal and Ethical Aspects of Industrial Biotechnology' of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Optimization Of Biomass To Liquid Plant Setups And Capacity Using Nonlinear Programming
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Author : Lars-Peter Lauven
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2011-10-12
Optimization Of Biomass To Liquid Plant Setups And Capacity Using Nonlinear Programming written by Lars-Peter Lauven and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Potentially rising oil prices caused by an increasing relative scarcity of mineral oil have farreaching consequences for the transportation sector, the chemical industry and mineral oil companies in particular. As national laws in Germany require biofuels to be mixed into conventional fuel to an increasing extend (BioKraftQuG 2009), mineral oil companies need to identify economically competitive as well as technically feasible biofuel production processes to meet these requirements. A first generation of biofuels was introduced on a large scale but has been criticized for competing with the agricultural production of food and for yielding relatively modest quantities of fuel per hectare of agricultural land. For this reason, 2nd generation biofuel production pathways such as Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL), which convert lignocellulosic material into liquid hydrocarbons using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, have been developed. While 2nd generation biofuels are superior to their 1st generation counterparts from a yield-per-hectare-perspective and cause less competition for agricultural soils, a significant disadvantage is the considerable investment required for the construction of Biomass-to-Liquid plants. The corresponding investment-related costs affect the competitiveness of 2nd generation biofuels negatively, leaving it in doubt whether BtL fuels could become an economically viable option. A frequently discussed way to improve specific investment-related costs is to increase plant sizes to improve economies of scale. While this improvement has been realized in several conventional kinds of plants like mineral oil refineries, power plants and Coal-to-Liquid plants, the application on BtL plants is complicated by the fact that larger plants are associated with higher specific biomass transportation costs. This is because a higher biomass input requires biomass to be transported over larger distances. The unresolved antagonism between economies of scale and specific biomass transportation costs has so far hindered the realization of BtL plants. The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology to determine optimal BtL plant sizes by taking nonlinear factors into account. The methodology is required to determine a compromise between minimizing investment-related costs by applying economies of scale and minimizing specific biomass transportation costs by keeping the required transportation distances short. The optimal plant size is however influenced by a third influencing factor. Whether it is advantageous to transport biomass over a certain distance also depends on the value of a plant’s products. Biomass-to-Liquid plants can have a variety of product compositions depending on the catalyst and reaction temperature used in the biofuel synthesis reaction. Depending on which substances are produced and which are upgraded for sale, converted into fuels or combusted for electricity generation, both the value of the products and the required investment may differ considerably. While a number of processes, including biomass treatment and gasification, as well as the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis itself, are required for all considered plant setup alternatives, the choice of upgrading equipment may result in very dissimilar plant setups. By making the capacities of the individual upgrading processes the variables of the optimization model, economies of scale, specific biomass transportation costs and the products’ value are considered simultaneously for the first time. The thesis primarily focuses on the implementation of an optimization model and its application on a variety of scenarios. These scenarios are intended to represent different plant setups and logistics concepts. In order to assess the scale of differences in profitability, the essential influencing factors determining the profitability of BtL plants were included into the model calculations. As the problem at hand is neither linear nor quadratic, it cannot be solved reliably using established solvers for these two classes of problems. Instead, several solvers designed to handle non-quadratic nonlinear multidimensional problems were applied to find the most suitable way to approach the solution of the problem. The objective function has been designed to maximize the annual profit resulting from plant construction and operation. Maximizing this annual profit is subject to a number of primarily technical constraints. These result from the mass balances of the plant, its electricity demand and the specific requirements of individual processes. In addition to securing the validity of the mass balances, these constraints also ensure that the entire Fischer-Tropsch product stream undergoes some kind of upgrading, separation or combustion treatment. The sum of all processes producing salable products is used to approximate the required capacity of the plant as a whole. The total plant capacity then serves to calculate the investment required for the other plant processes and the costs for the purchase and transportation of the required input biomass. Biomass transportation distances are approximated by the radius of an assumed circular area from which biomass is supplied to the plant. Using cost functions that divide transportation costs into fixed and variable parts makes it possible to approximate the effect of rising specific biomass transportation costs in case of increasing plant capacities. The investigated scenario calculations suggest that under the assumed circumstances, fuel oriented low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch-based BtL plants are relatively competitive as long as the tax exemptions in Germany are maintained, but become significantly less attractive without them. By contrast, the combined production of both fuels and chemicals using hightemperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis appears to be a more promising alternative, as chemicals are expected to earn a higher income in scenarios without tax exemptions. A third option, the production of Substitute Natural Gas, appears to be relatively uncompetitive unless methane prices rise significantly. In addition to comparing the economic attractiveness of different potential product distributions, a number of concepts have been investigated which are intended to improve Biomass-to-Liquid economics. Decentralized pretreatment of biomass, e.g. through fastpyrolysis, leads to larger optimal plant capacities, but the additional investment for the pretreatment units appears to overcompensate the improved economies of scale. By contrast, the combined use of train and road transportation was not assumed to be associated with additional investments. If train transportation is indeed feasible for a given plant location and specific biomass transportation costs are lower than for road transportation, combined traffic concepts should be used whenever possible. The construction of BtL plants in conjunction with mineral oil refineries is a way to reduce investment-related costs instead of transportation costs. While the resulting savings are significant for small BtL plants, they diminish if larger plant sizes are investigated. Cogasification of biomass with another input material is another way to reduce the costly transportation of biomass over large distances. Unless technical requirements significantly increase the cost of the gasification equipment, co-gasification concepts can improve the plant’s profitability even at relatively low quantities of a second fuel. The choice of fuels is however restricted by the Renewable Energy Directive that needs to be abided by in order to ensure the eligibility for tax exemptions. In case of lignite and hard coal, fossil CO2 emissions further complicate the application of co-gasification, as Renewable Energy Directive also limits the amount of fossil CO2 that biofuel production is allowed to cause. As savings caused by such concepts depend on the relative inefficiency of the concept that they are applied on, the effect of the implementation of several improvements diminishes if these address the same cost item. In this work, the nonlinear effects of economies of scale and biomass transportation costs for increasing Biomass-to-Liquid plant capacities has been modeled on a product-upgradingprocess basis for the first time. Potential investors and plant operators of Biomass-to-Liquid plants are thus enabled to determine both the optimal plant size and the most promising choice of products in order to maximize the prospective competitiveness of the plant.
The European Dimension Of Germany S Energy Transition
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Author : Erik Gawel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-07
The European Dimension Of Germany S Energy Transition written by Erik Gawel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This book addresses the interactions between Germany’s energy transition and the EU’s energy policy framework. It seeks to analyze the manifold connections between the prospects of the proclaimed “Energy Union” and the future of Germany’s energy transition, and identifies relevant lessons for the transformation at the EU level that can be learned from the case of Germany, as a first-mover of transforming energy systems towards renewables. The various repercussions (political, economic and systemic) from the national transition are explored within the EU context as it responds to the German transition, taking into account both existing frictions and potential synergies between predominantly national sustainability policies and the EU’s push towards harmonized policies within a common market. The book’s overall aim is to identify the most critical issues, in order to avoid pitfalls and capitalize on opportunities.
Innovations For Sustainable Biomass Utilisation In The Upper Rhine Region
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Author : Schumacher, Kira
language : en
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2017-02-22
Innovations For Sustainable Biomass Utilisation In The Upper Rhine Region written by Schumacher, Kira and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-22 with Physics categories.
This book provides insight into the project 'OUI Biomasse' by summarising selected results. The major goal was the development of a knowledge-based sustainable biomass strategy for the transition of the energy system of the Upper Rhine Region. The 'OUI Biomasse' network studied all aspects of the biomass value chain to come up with development scenarios, analyse their potential impact in terms of sustainability criteria and to draft guidelines for the sustainable use of biomass.
Techno Konomische Bewertung Alternativer Verfahrenskonfigurationen Zur Herstellung Von Biomass To Liquid Btl Kraftstoffen Und Chemikalien
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Author : Frederik Trippe
language : de
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2014-05-19
Techno Konomische Bewertung Alternativer Verfahrenskonfigurationen Zur Herstellung Von Biomass To Liquid Btl Kraftstoffen Und Chemikalien written by Frederik Trippe and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, aus technischer sowie ökonomischer Sicht vielversprechende verfahrenstechnische Konfigurationen eines Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) Konzepts zur Herstellung von Kraftstoffen und Chemikalien aus Biomasse zu identifizieren und zu bewerten. Am Beispiel des bioliq-Verfahrens wird ein techno-ökonomisches Bewertungsmodell entwickelt, das verfahrenstechnische Auslegungsparameter direkt mit ihren wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen verknüpft.
Modellgestuetzte Bewertung Der Nutzung Von Biokohle Als Bodenzusatz In Der Landwirtschaft
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Author : Radloff, Sophia
language : de
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2017-02-28
Modellgestuetzte Bewertung Der Nutzung Von Biokohle Als Bodenzusatz In Der Landwirtschaft written by Radloff, Sophia and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-28 with Business categories.
This work provides an economic and ecological assessment of the application of biochar as soil amendment and identifies important influencing factors. Therefore, a multi-stage model including various methods, e.g. an ecosystem simulation of the soil, is developed. The assessment model is based on material and energy flow balances along the overall value chain - from biochar production to its application as soil amendment.
Kologische Und Konomische Bewertung Von Co Verg Rungsanlagen Und Deren Standortwahl
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Author : Matthias Koch
language : de
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2009
Kologische Und Konomische Bewertung Von Co Verg Rungsanlagen Und Deren Standortwahl written by Matthias Koch and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Sowohl in landwirtschaftlichen als auch in abfallwirtschaftlichen Co-Vergärungsanlagen wird Biogas zur Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung energetisch genutzt. In dieser Arbeit werden, aufbauend auf einer Stoff- und Energiestrommodellierung, verschiedene Anlagentypen zur Co-Vergärung ökologisch und ökonomisch bewertet. Mit einem gemischt-ganzzahligen linearen Planungsmodell werden exemplarisch für die Region Heilbronn optimale Standorte hinsichtlich ökologischer und ökonomischer Zielkriterien bestimmt.