Models Of Economic Liberalization
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Models Of Economic Liberalization
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Author : Sebastián Etchemendy
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-26
Models Of Economic Liberalization written by Sebastián Etchemendy and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-26 with Political Science categories.
This book aims to explain the variation in the models of economic liberalization across Ibero-America in the last quarter of the twentieth century, and the legacies they produced for the current organization of the political economies. Although the macroeconomics of effective market adjustment evolved in a similar way, the patterns of compensation delivered by neoliberal governments and the type of actors in business and the working class that benefited from them were remarkably different. Etchemendy argues that the most decisive factors that shape adjustment paths are the type of regime and the economic and organizational power with which business and labor emerged from the inward-oriented model. The analysis spans from the origins of state, business and labor industrial actors in the 1930s and 1940s to the politics of compensation under neoliberalism across the Ibero-American world, combined with extensive field work material on Spain, Argentina and Chile.
Foreign Economic Liberalization
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Author : Andras Koves
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-07
Foreign Economic Liberalization written by Andras Koves and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-07 with Political Science categories.
This groundbreaking volume combines theories of economic liberalization with a wide variety of case studies from market and socialist economies. Internationally regarded scholars and Eastern European policymakers have collaborated to evaluate the dramatic economic changes taking place throughout the world. The opening essays contribute to the theoretical debate by showing that foreign economic liberalization goes beyond reducing import barriers to policies on investment, financial liberalization, convertability, and export promotion. Case studies compare successful and unsuccessful liberalization attempts world wide. The disintegration of the CMEA and the policy dilemmas facing Central and Eastern Europe are examined in great detail, as the authors explore the pitfalls and opportunities inherent in the transformation from a centrally planned economy. This up-to-date text will be invaluable for courses on the history and transformation of socialist economies, comparative economic systems, and international trade and investment.
Evaluating Economic Liberalization
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Author : David Greenaway
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-07-23
Evaluating Economic Liberalization written by David Greenaway and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
Liberalization - economic policy reforms to render economies more market-orientated - is a central issue in most countries of the world. This important contribution to the literature of liberalization analyzes theoretical issues and experiences of reform. Existing approaches to evaluating the effects of reform are reviewed, difficulties of measuring liberalization are discussed, the complex ways in which reforms can impact on individuals and groups are illustrated, and the importance of political concerns are addressed. The final four chapters offer detailed case studies of Pakistan, Mozambique, Vietnam and Sri Lanka.
Liberalization And Entrepreneurship
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Author : Branko Milanović
language : en
Publisher: M.E. Sharpe
Release Date : 1989
Liberalization And Entrepreneurship written by Branko Milanović and has been published by M.E. Sharpe this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.
This book starts from the premise that economic liberalization - reduced state interference in economic life - is the common element in the current trend towards privatization and deregulation in the West and economic reform and restructuring in the East. In popular parlance, "privatization" and "perestroika" are its watchwords, Margaret Thatcher and Mikhail Gorbachev its heralds. But the specific character of the liberalization will be determined by the social characteristics of different societies. In order to study the reform process in the two systems, it is necessary to dispose of a general conceptual framework capable of embracing both a (predominantly) market economy and a (predominantly) centrally planned economy. The key objective of this work is to provide such a unified framework, and on that basis to analyze the policy conflicts that dominated both systems in the 1980s and the prospects for further change in the years ahead.
The Origins Of Liberty
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Author : Paul W. Drake
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-09
The Origins Of Liberty written by Paul W. Drake and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Why would sovereigns ever grant political or economic liberty to their subjects? Under what conditions would rational rulers who possess ultimate authority and who seek to maximize power and wealth ever give up any of that authority? This book draws on a wide array of empirical and theoretical approaches to answer these questions, investigating both why sovereign powers might liberalize and when. The contributors to this volume argue that liberalization or democratization will only occur when those in power calculate that the expected benefits to them will exceed the costs. More specifically, rulers take five main concerns into account in their cost-benefit analysis as they decide to reinforce or relax controls: personal welfare, personal power, internal order, external order, and control over policy--particularly economic policy. The book shows that repression is a tempting first option for rulers seeking to maximize their benefits, but that liberalization becomes more attractive as a means of minimizing losses when it becomes increasingly certain that the alternatives are chaos, deposition, or even death. Chapters cover topics as diverse as the politics of seventeenth-century England and of twentieth-century Chile; why so many countries have liberalized in recent decades; and why even democratic governments see a need to reduce state power. The book makes use of formal modeling, statistical analysis, and traditional historical analysis. The contributors are Paul Drake, Stephen Haggard, William Heller, Robert Kaufman, Phil Keefer, Brian Loveman, Mathew McCubbins, Douglass North, Ronald Rogowski, and Barry Weingast.
The Expected Benefits Of Trade Liberalization For World Income And Development
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Author : Antoine Bouët
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2008-01-01
The Expected Benefits Of Trade Liberalization For World Income And Development written by Antoine Bouët and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Political Science categories.
Development experts often promote trade liberalization as a path to economic development and poverty alleviation. This study examines the trade models used to support such claims. The author surveys the methodologies used to assess trade liberalization’s impact and examines the extent to which assessments of impact diverge. Through careful analysis of models and their results, the author provides a more nuanced assessment of the liberalization’s possible benefits
Economic Liberalization And Integration In East Asia
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Author : Yung Chul Park
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-12-15
Economic Liberalization And Integration In East Asia written by Yung Chul Park and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Several years before the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, most East Asian economies with the exception of China had engaged in the liberal reform prescriptions of the Washington Consensus. The Asian financial crisis added impetus to the transformation process as the crisis countries accepted the Washington Consensus as part of their commitment to the IMF policy conditionality. In this book the author argues for the continuing validity of an 'East Asian' model of economic development that differs distinctly from the Washington Consensus. He argues that, while this model was undermined to some extent by the 1997-98 financial crisis, it remains robust and important in explaining economic events in East Asia. In doing so, he covers the accomplishments and failures of the East Asian development model and the reform agenda for a new East Asian paradigm for post-crisis development.
Evaluation Of Financial Liberalization
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Author : Robert Townsend
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Evaluation Of Financial Liberalization written by Robert Townsend and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Financial institutions categories.
The objective of this paper is to assess both the aggregate growth effects and the distributional consequences of financial liberalization as observed in Thailand from 1976 to 1996. A general equilibrium occupational choice model with two sectors, one without intermediation, and the other with borrowing and lending, is taken to Thai data. Key parameters of the production technology and the distribution of entrepreneurial talent are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of transition into business given initial wealth as observed in two distinct datasets. Other parameters of the model are calibrated to try to match the two decades of growth as well as observed changes in inequality, labor share, savings, and the number of entrepreneurs. Without an expansion in the size of the intermediated sector, Thailand would have evolved very differently, namely, with a drastically lower growth rate, high residual subsistence sector, non-increasing wages, but lower inequality. The financial liberalization brings welfare gains and losses to different subsets of the population. Primary winners are talented would-be entrepreneurs who lack credit and cannot otherwise go into business (or invest little capital). Mean gains for these winners range from 17 to 34 percent of observed overall average household income. But liberalization also induces greater demand by entrepreneurs for workers resulting in increases in the wage and lower profits of relatively rich entrepreneurs of the same order of magnitude as the observed overall average income of firm owners. Foreign capital has no significant impact on growth or the distribution of observed income. This paper--a product of Finance, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand financial liberalization and its impact on growth.
The Order Of Economic Liberalization
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Author : Ronald I. Mckinnon
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 1993-10
The Order Of Economic Liberalization written by Ronald I. Mckinnon and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Can knowledge of financial policies in developing countries over four decades help the socialist economies of Asia and Eastern Europe become open market economies in the 1990s? In all these countries the loss of fiscal and monetary control has often resulted in high inflation that undermines the liberalization process itself. In the second edition of The Order of Economic Liberalization, Ronald McKinnon builds on his influential work on the liberalization of financial markets in less developed countries and outlines the progression necessary to move from a "repressed" to an open economy. New to this edition are chapters that contrast the gradual Chinese approach to liberalizing domestic and foreign trade with the "big bang" approach followed by some Eastern European countries and republics of the former Soviet Union. Financial control and macroeconomic stability, McKinnon argues, are more critical to a successful transition than is any crash program to privatize state-owned industrial assets and the banking system.
Trade Liberalisation And The Poverty Of Nations
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Author : A. P. Thirlwall
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Trade Liberalisation And The Poverty Of Nations written by A. P. Thirlwall and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This is a meticulously researched and well written book on a subject of immense contemporary academic and policy interest. Prema-chandra Athukorala, Journal of Development Studies The book is a valuable contribution to the analysis of the links between trade liberalisation, poverty and inequality . . . The book is a coherent piece of work offering an abundance of well-researched and argued information, effectively establishing it as a notable contribution to the investigation and understanding of this very important field. Therefore this book is highly recommended as an important publication for everyone interested in this field as it is a powerful guide to the complex questions that emerge when dealing with the issues of trade liberalisation and poverty elimination at international level. Marios Koutsias, International Trade Law and Regulation Thirlwall and Pacheco-López s book makes its contribution by serving as a clearly written synthesis of a diversity of literatures on trade liberalization and its impacts on growth, inequality and wages, and poverty. . . . the book is an excellent one. It should be a required reading companion to any graduate-level trade course. Kevin P. Gallagher, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities This book breaks out of the standard distinction between free trade and protectionism , and shows how to think constructively about trade policy as an instrument of national economic strategy. It is highly recommended for those who wish to think beyond orthodoxy, and especially for those in developing countries who wish to influence negotiations with developed countries and western-based international organisations. Robert Wade, London School of Economics, UK This is a gem of a book. Based on deep understanding of diverse economic theories and empirical evidence, it offers us a succinct but highly informative overview of the controversies surrounding the impact of trade policy on growth, inequality, and macroeconomics. Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge, UK, and author of Kicking Away the Ladder, and Bad Samaritans Free-trade fundamentalism is gradually making way for a more nuanced and historically well-informed understanding of the role that trade policy plays in economic development. Thirlwall and Pacheco-López provide an excellent review of the relevant literature as well as a sophisticated critique of the earlier, simplistic views. As they explain, it is the details the timing, sequencing, and context that determine whether liberalization will succeed. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University, US This book will infuriate the free trade ultras who believe that liberalisation is the answer to every problem and a good thing too. The real world, as Thirlwall and Pacheco-López show clearly and vividly, is different from the world of theoretical models so beloved by today s economic orthodoxy, and they take delight in tweaking the noses of the Washington consensus. History suggests they are right to argue that managed trade is better for developing countries than swallowing large doses of free-trade medicine. Larry Elliott, The Guardian Orthodox trade and growth theory, and the world s multilateral development institutions, extol the virtues of trade liberalisation and free trade for more rapid economic development of poor countries. However, the contemporary reality and history seem to tell a different story. The world economy has experienced an unprecedented period of trade liberalisation in the last thirty years, and yet international and global inequality is widening; domestic poverty (outside of China) is increasing; poor countries exports have grown more slowly than their imports leading to balance of payments crises, and the so-called globalising economies of the world (excluding China and India) have fared no better, and in some cases worse, than those countries that have not liberalised so extensively. This book argues that orthodox theory is based on many unreal assumptions,