Models Of Modals
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Models Of Modals
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Author : Ilse Depraetere
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-04-27
Models Of Modals written by Ilse Depraetere and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-27 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Modal verbs in English communicate delicate shades of meaning, there being a large range of verbs both on the necessity side (must, have to, should, ought to, need, need to) and the possibility side (can, may, could, might, be able to). They therefore constitute excellent test ground to apply and compare different methodologies that can lay bare the factors that drive the speaker’s choice of modal verb. This book is not merely concerned with a purely grammatical description of the use of modal verbs, but aims at advancing our understanding of lexical and grammatical units in general and of linguistic methodologies to explore these. It thus involves a genuine effort to compare, assess and combine a variety of approaches. It complements the leading descriptive qualitative work on modal verbs by testing a diverse range of quantitative methods, while not ignoring qualitative issues pertaining to the semantics-pragmatics interface. Starting from a critical assessment of what constitutes the meaning of modal verbs, different types of empirical studies (usage-based, data-driven and experimental), drawing considerably on the same data sets, shows how method triangulation can contribute to an enhanced understanding. Due attention is also given to individual variation as well as the degree to which modals can predict L2 proficiency level.
Models Of Modals
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Author : Ilse Depraetere
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-04-27
Models Of Modals written by Ilse Depraetere and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-27 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Modal verbs in English communicate delicate shades of meaning, there being a large range of verbs both on the necessity side (must, have to, should, ought to, need, need to) and the possibility side (can, may, could, might, be able to). They therefore constitute excellent test ground to apply and compare different methodologies that can lay bare the factors that drive the speaker’s choice of modal verb. This book is not merely concerned with a purely grammatical description of the use of modal verbs, but aims at advancing our understanding of lexical and grammatical units in general and of linguistic methodologies to explore these. It thus involves a genuine effort to compare, assess and combine a variety of approaches. It complements the leading descriptive qualitative work on modal verbs by testing a diverse range of quantitative methods, while not ignoring qualitative issues pertaining to the semantics-pragmatics interface. Starting from a critical assessment of what constitutes the meaning of modal verbs, different types of empirical studies (usage-based, data-driven and experimental), drawing considerably on the same data sets, shows how method triangulation can contribute to an enhanced understanding. Due attention is also given to individual variation as well as the degree to which modals can predict L2 proficiency level.
Model Order Reduction Techniques With Applications In Finite Element Analysis
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Author : Zu-Qing Qu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-08-10
Model Order Reduction Techniques With Applications In Finite Element Analysis written by Zu-Qing Qu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-10 with Computers categories.
This monograph explains the principles and applications of model reduction techniques, and the dynamic condensation technique in particular. It covers all the potentially useful condensation methods including static, exact, and iterative dynamic condensation and SEREP.
Dynamic Equivalent Modeling Of Acoustic Metamaterials
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Author : Nansha Gao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-17
Dynamic Equivalent Modeling Of Acoustic Metamaterials written by Nansha Gao and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-17 with Science categories.
This book derives physical models from basic principles, studies the effect of equivalent models on the dynamic characteristics of phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials, and analyzes the physical mechanisms behind vibration and noise reduction. It first summarizes the research status of vibration and noise reduction, and research progress in phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials. Based on this, one-dimensional periodic beam, two-dimensional thin plate with circular hole, and corresponding gradient structures are introduced, and their dynamic characteristics are discussed in detail. Therefore, different equivalent methods for different models are proposed through theoretical analysis, modal analysis and transmission rate analysis. Finally, a Helmholtz-type acoustic metamaterial, i.e. a multi-layer slotted tube acoustic metamaterial, is studied. Aiming at the low-frequency band gap of this model, a theoretical model for solving the inverse problem of acousto-electric analogue equivalent is proposed, and the effect of structural parameters on the low-frequency band gap is studied using this equivalent model. This book closely revolves around how to conduct equivalent research on artificially fabricated periodic structures. The methods and conclusions presented in this book provide a new theoretical basis for the application of artificial woven periodic structures in the field of low-frequency vibration reduction and noise reduction and are also an innovation in the discipline of vibration and noise control. This book is suitable for undergraduate students, graduate students and teachers in vibration and noise majors in universities, and can also provide references for engineering and technical personnel in related fields.
User Models In Dialog Systems
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Author : Alfred Kobsa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
User Models In Dialog Systems written by Alfred Kobsa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
User models have recently attracted much research interest in the field of artificial intelligence dialog systems. It has become evident that flexible user-oriented dialog behavior of such systems can be achieved only if the system has access to a model of the user containing assumptions about his/her background knowledge as well as his/her goals and plans in consulting the system. Research in the field of user models investigates how such assumptions can be automatically created, represented and exploited by the system in the course of an "on-line" interaction with the user. The communication medium in this interaction need not necessarily be a natural language, such as English or German. Formal interaction languages are also permit ted. The emphasis is placed on systems with natural language input and output, however. A dozen major and several more minor user modeling systems have been de signed and implemented in the last decade, mostly in the context of natural-language dialog systems. The goal of UM86, the first international workshop on user model ing, was to bring together the researchers working on these projects so that results could be discussed and analyzed, and hopefully general insights be found, that could prove useful for future research. The meeting took place in Maria Laach, a small village some 40 miles south of Bonn, West Germany. 25 prominent researchers were invited to participate.
Modeling And Using Context
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Author : Anind Dey
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2005-07-11
Modeling And Using Context written by Anind Dey and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Context is of crucial importance for research and applications in many disciplines, as evidenced by many workshops, symposia, seminars, and conferences on specific aspects of context. The International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT), the oldest conference series focusing on context, provides a unique interdisciplinary emphasis, bringing together participants from a wide range of disciplines, including artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, linguistics, organizational science, philosophy, psychology, ubiquitous computing, and application areas such as medicine and law, to discuss and report on context-related research and projects. Previous CONTEXT conferences were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1997), Trento, Italy (1999, LNCS 1688), Dundee, UK (2001, LNCS 2116), and Palo Alto, USA (2003, LNCS 2680). CONTEXT 2005 was held in Paris, France during July 5–8, 2005. There was a strong response to the CONTEXT 2005 Call for Papers, with 120 submissions received. A careful review process assessed all submissions, with each paper first reviewed by the international Program Committee, and then reviewer discussions were initiated as needed to assure that the final decisions carefully considered all aspects of each paper. Reviews of submissions by the Program Chairs were supervised independently and anonymously, to assure fair consideration of all work. Out of the 120 submissions, 23 were selected as full papers for oral presentation, and 20 were selected as full papers for poster presentation. These outstanding papers are presented in this proceedings.
Emerging English Modals
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Author : Manfred G. Krug
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2000
Emerging English Modals written by Manfred G. Krug and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This monograph provides a detailed account of the fundamental changes which have recently affected - and which are still affecting - the system of English auxiliaries.
Emerging English Modals
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Author : Manfred G. Krug
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-04-20
Emerging English Modals written by Manfred G. Krug and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This work is essentially based on grammaticalization theory – a branch of linguistics which has gained prominence since the 1980s. It focuses on the interaction between diachrony and synchrony, langue and parole or, for that matter, competence and performance, I–language and Ε–language. It does not see these levels as distinct linguistic domains, as much structurally oriented work does. It is important for the present purposes that such an interactionist view entails that performance effects may over time cause new grammatical code relations. Hence the importance of statistical empirical research, which led the author to adopt a predominantly corpus-based approach.
Modeling The Possible
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Author : Tarja Knuuttila
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2025-02-07
Modeling The Possible written by Tarja Knuuttila and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-07 with Philosophy categories.
Models are used to explore possibilities across all scientific fields. Climate models simulate the potential future climatic conditions under various emissions scenarios, macroeconomic models investigate the implications of various fiscal and monetary policy initiatives, and infectious diseases models study the spread of viral diseases under a range of conditions. Such modeling approaches have not gone ignored by philosophers of science, but they have only recently started to explicitly address modeling the possible. So far, the discussion has been spread across a variety of more or less isolated pockets of debate in the philosophy of science. Modeling the Possible: Perspectives from Philosophy of Science draws together these studies, focusing specifically on how various modeling practices probe possibilities and justify claims concerning them. The volume is divided into three sections, plus an introductory chapter. The introductory chapter provides a state-of-the-art survey of the discussions of modeling possibilities within the philosophy of science, as well as an introduction to the book’s main themes and individual papers. The three sections focus on different kinds of possibility concepts, possibility spaces, and how-possibly modeling in practical situations. The chapters contained in this volume address conceptual and theoretical issues while also presenting case studies from various scientific domains: physics, evolutionary and synthetic biology, network science, climate science, economics, and epidemiology. Essential reading for philosophers of science, epistemologists, and modelers in various scientific disciplines, Modeling the Possible is also suitable for anyone interested in model-based scientific inferences, their validity, and the policy conclusions derived from them.
Pc Mag
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993-02-23
Pc Mag written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-23 with categories.
PCMag.com is a leading authority on technology, delivering Labs-based, independent reviews of the latest products and services. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology.