Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature
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Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature
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Author : P. Langford
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1986-07-31
Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature written by P. Langford and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-07-31 with Philosophy categories.
General Argument My aim is to survey some of the most influential philosophical writers on human nature from the time that Augustine codified Christian belief to the present. During this period philosophical opinions about human nature underwent a transformation from the God-centered views of Augustine and the scholastics to the human-centered ideas of Nietzsche, Freud and Sartre. While one aim has simply been to provide a handy survey, I do have three polemical purposes. One is to oppose the notion that the modernism of more recent writers was produced by methodological innovations. According to both Freud and Sartre, as well as other key figures like Lacan and Heidegger, their views were the product of new methods of investigating human nature, namely those of psychoanalysis and the phenomenological reduction. Psych,oanalysis claimed to use the interpretation of both dreams and the relationship between analyst and patient to penetrate the unconscious. Phenomenology has claimed that trained philosophers are able to obtain a privilege;d view of consciousness by a special act of thought called the phenomenological reduction which enables them to view consciousness without preconceptions. On many issues my sympathies are with Nietzsche rather than with Freud or phenomenology. This is also the case regarding methodology. Nietzsche saw quite clearly that the possibility of popularising the views he himself held came from the decline of ChristianitY. My rejection of exclusive reliance upon the methodologies of psychoanalysis and phenomenology is based on two lines of argument.
Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature
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Author : P. Langford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986-08-31
Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature written by P. Langford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-08-31 with categories.
Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature
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Author : Peter E. Langford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Modern Philosophies Of Human Nature written by Peter E. Langford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Nature Human Nature And Human Difference
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Author : Justin Smith-Ruiu
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2015-06-30
Nature Human Nature And Human Difference written by Justin Smith-Ruiu and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
People have always been xenophobic, but an explicit philosophical and scientific view of human racial difference only began to emerge during the modern period. Why and how did this happen? Surveying a range of philosophical and natural-scientific texts, dating from the Spanish Renaissance to the German Enlightenment, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference charts the evolution of the modern concept of race and shows that natural philosophy, particularly efforts to taxonomize and to order nature, played a crucial role. Smith demonstrates how the denial of moral equality between Europeans and non-Europeans resulted from converging philosophical and scientific developments, including a declining belief in human nature's universality and the rise of biological classification. The racial typing of human beings grew from the need to understand humanity within an all-encompassing system of nature, alongside plants, minerals, primates, and other animals. While racial difference as seen through science did not arise in order to justify the enslavement of people, it became a rationalization and buttress for the practices of trans-Atlantic slavery. From the work of François Bernier to G. W. Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, and others, Smith delves into philosophy's part in the legacy and damages of modern racism. With a broad narrative stretching over two centuries, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference takes a critical historical look at how the racial categories that we divide ourselves into came into being.
On Human Nature
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Author : Roger Scruton
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-10-16
On Human Nature written by Roger Scruton and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-16 with Philosophy categories.
A brief, radical defense of human uniqueness from acclaimed philosopher Roger Scruton In this short book, acclaimed writer and philosopher Roger Scruton presents an original and radical defense of human uniqueness. Confronting the views of evolutionary psychologists, utilitarian moralists, and philosophical materialists such as Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett, Scruton argues that human beings cannot be understood simply as biological objects. We are not only human animals; we are also persons, in essential relation with other persons, and bound to them by obligations and rights. Scruton develops and defends his account of human nature by ranging widely across intellectual history, from Plato and Averroës to Darwin and Wittgenstein. The book begins with Kant’s suggestion that we are distinguished by our ability to say “I”—by our sense of ourselves as the centers of self-conscious reflection. This fact is manifested in our emotions, interests, and relations. It is the foundation of the moral sense, as well as of the aesthetic and religious conceptions through which we shape the human world and endow it with meaning. And it lies outside the scope of modern materialist philosophy, even though it is a natural and not a supernatural fact. Ultimately, Scruton offers a new way of understanding how self-consciousness affects the question of how we should live. The result is a rich view of human nature that challenges some of today’s most fashionable ideas about our species.
The Philosophy Of Human Nature
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Author : George Peter Klubertanz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1951
The Philosophy Of Human Nature written by George Peter Klubertanz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1951 with Human beings categories.
The Ascent Of Man
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Author : James F. Harris
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-29
The Ascent Of Man written by James F. Harris and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-29 with Philosophy categories.
The Ascent of Man develops a comprehensive theory of human nature. James F. Harris sees human nature as an emergent property that supervenes a cluster of properties. Despite significant overlap between individuals that have human nature and those that are biologically human, the concept of human nature developed in this book is different. Whether biologically human or not, an individual may be said to possess human nature. This theory of human nature is called the"cluster theory." Harris takes as his point of departurePlato's comment that in learning what a thing is we should look to the ways in which it acts upon or is acted upon by other things. He commits to a methodological naturalism and draws upon current views from the social and biological sciences. The cluster theory he develops represents one of the very few completely novel theories of human nature developed in the post-Darwin era. It will prove most useful in dealing with philosophical questions involving such contemporary issues as cloning, cybernetics, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The fundamental conceptual issue is how plastic and elastic is the nature of human nature. Just how different might we imagine human beings to be and still be human in the sense that they still possess whatever it is that accounts for a unique nature? The theory of human nature developed in this book is a descriptive, dynamic, bottom-up, non-essentialist, naturalist theory. Harris is well versed in classical philosophy and contemporary behavioral science. He writes in a graceful, open-ended way that both educates and illuminates renewed interest in what it means to be human.
The Essence Of Hume S Philosophy
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Author : David Hume
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2023-12-28
The Essence Of Hume S Philosophy written by David Hume and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-28 with Philosophy categories.
One of the most central doctrines of Hume's philosophy is his notion that the mind consists of its mental perceptions, or the mental objects which are present to it, and which divide into two categories: impressions and ideas. David Hume strove to create a total naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. He argued against the existence of innate ideas, positing that all human knowledge is founded solely in experience. This book presents all the main Hume's ideas and teaching, beginning with his classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism, " A Treatise of Human Nature".
Hume S Philosophy Of Human Nature Routledge Revivals
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Author : John Laird
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-01-02
Hume S Philosophy Of Human Nature Routledge Revivals written by John Laird and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-02 with Philosophy categories.
The essence of Hume’s eighteenth-century philosophy was that all the sciences were ‘dependent on the science of man’, and that the foundations of any such science need to rest on experience and observation. This title, first published in 1932, examines in detail how Hume interpreted ‘the science of man’ and how he applied his experimental methodology to humankind’s understanding, passions, social duties, economic activities, religious beliefs and secular history throughout his career. Particular attention is paid to the English, French and Latin sources that shaped Hume’s theories. This is a full and fascinating title, of particular relevance to students with an interest in the philosophy of Hume specifically, as well as the philosophy of human nature and the methodologies applied to its study more generally.
Two Orientations Toward Human Nature
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Author : Rony Guldmann
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-12-05
Two Orientations Toward Human Nature written by Rony Guldmann and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-05 with Philosophy categories.
Our culture entertains a schizophrenic attitude towards human nature. On the one hand, egoism is held to be our most powerful motive, playing a crucial cultural role by explaining the appeal of capitalism and providing a foundation for individualism. By contrast much of the continental intellectual tradition speaks of wholeness and alienation, seeing human nature not as self-interested but as herd-like. Guldmann argues that this schism reflects two diverging conceptions of human agency, and that the attempt to locate human nature somewhere along a continuum between egoism and altruism presupposes a misleading picture of what it is to be a human being. The second, ’continental’ tradition is more illuminating because it recognizes that human beings are necessarily committed to some conception of the ultimately significant.