Molecular Origins Of Brain And Body Geometry

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Molecular Origins Of Brain And Body Geometry

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Author : Antonio Lima-de-Faria
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-07

Molecular Origins Of Brain And Body Geometry written by Antonio Lima-de-Faria and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-07 with Science categories.

New concepts arise in science when apparently unrelated fields of knowledge are put together in a coherent way. The recent results in molecular biology allow to explain the emergence of body patterns in animals that before could not be understood by zoologists. There are no ”fancy curiosities” in nature. Every pattern is a product of a molecular cascade originating in genes and a living organism arises from the collaboration of these genes with the outer physical environment. Tropical fishes are as startling in their colors and geometric circles as peacocks. Tortoises are covered with the most regular triangles, squares and concentric circles that can be green, brown or yellow. Parallel scarlet bands are placed side by side of black ones along the body of snakes. Zebras and giraffes have patterns which are lessons in geometry, with their transversal and longitudinal stripes, their circles and other geometric figures. Monkeys, like the mandrills, have a spectacularly colored face scarlet nose with blue parallel flanges and yellow beard. All this geometry turns out to be highly molecular. The genes are many and have been DNA sequenced. Besides they not only deal with the coloration of the body but with the development of the brain and the embryonic process. A precise scenario of molecular events unravels in the vertebrates. It may seem far-fetched, but the search for the origin of this geometry made it mandatory to study the evolution of matter and the origin of the brain. It turned out that matter from its onset is pervaded by geometry and that the brain is also a prisoner of this ordered construction. Moreover, the brain is capable of altering the body geometry and the geometry of the environment changes the brain. Nothing spectacular occurred when the brain arrived in evolution. Not only it came after the eye, which had already established itself long ago, but it had a modest origin. It started from sensory cells on the skin that later aggregated into clusters of neurons that formed ganglia. It also became evident that pigment cells, that decide the establishment of the body pattern, originate from the same cell population as neurons (the neural crest cells). This is a most revealing result because it throws light on the power that the brain has to rapidly redirect the coloration of the body and to change its pattern. Recent experiments demonstrate how the brain changes the body geometry at will and within seconds, an event that could be hardly conceived earlier. Moreover, this change is not accidental it is related to the surrounding environment and is also used as a mating strategy. Chameleons know how to do it as well as flat fishes and octopuses. No one would have dared to think that the brain had its own geometry. How could the external geometry of solids or other figures of our environment be apprehended by neurons if these had no architecture of their own? Astonishing was that the so called ”simple cells”, in the neurons of the primary visual cortex, responded to a bar of light with an axis of orientation that corresponded to the axis of the cell’s receptive field. We tend to consider our brain a reliable organ. But how reliable is it? From the beginning the brain is obliged to transform reality. Brain imagery involves: form, color, motion and sleep. Unintentionally these results led to unexpected philosophical implications. Plato’s pivotal concept that ”forms” exist independently of the material world is reversed. Atoms have been considered to be imaginary for 2,000 years but at present they can be photographed, one by one, with electron microscopes. The reason why geometry has led the way in this inquiry is due to the fact that where there is geometry there is utter simplicity coupled to rigorous order that underlies the phenomenon where it is recognized. Order allows variation but imposes at the same time a canalization that is patent in what we call evolution.

Science And Art Are Based On The Same Principles And Values

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Author : Antonio Lima-De-Faria
language : en
Publisher: Artena Anarchist Press
Release Date : 2020-11

Science And Art Are Based On The Same Principles And Values written by Antonio Lima-De-Faria and has been published by Artena Anarchist Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11 with categories.

A key, critical figure in contemporary biology, a giant in scientific thought, and an author of revolutionary studies alongside hundreds of original works, Professor Antonio Lima-de-Faria leaves us his scientific testament while approaching his 100th year of life. As a "lonely wolf howling in the immensity of the night," he launches his straightforward warning. His message is for those who have ears to hear in a world where "there is no place for the meek." "At present a wave of obscurantism is spreading over Western countries affecting both science and art in a deadly way." "Modern technology has been most successful in transforming our daily lives and in allowing us to conquer outer space. These impressive achievements have, to a large extent, made us dumb, making it difficult to perceive the danger that lies ahead. Hence, there is a pressing need to bring forward the original sources in which, leading scientists and renowned artists, explained the principles that they followed in their discovery of novel phenomena and in the creation of unique works of art. It turns out that both types of minds speak the same language. There is a basic denominator that unites the human endeavor."

Molecular Geometry Of Body Pattern In Birds

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Author : Antonio Lima-de-Faria
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-14

Molecular Geometry Of Body Pattern In Birds written by Antonio Lima-de-Faria and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-14 with Science categories.

After having read this book you will never see birds in the same way again. The unexpected patterns displayed by a bird’s body have been seen as bizarre events that demanded little attention or were described as ‘amazing curiosities’. None of these surprising features seem to be fortuitous. They appear to be an integral part of a rigid order and a coherent geometry, which is directed by simple gene interactions and molecular cascades occurring at various cellular levels, and at different times, during the organism’s development. A novel geometry unfolds in front of your eyes, giving the body configurations another meaning. Lima-de-Faria is Professor Emeritus of Molecular Cytogenetics at Lund University, Lund, Sweden. This is his sixth book dealing with the molecular organization of the chromosome and its implications for the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biological evolution.

Discovering The Brain

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Author : National Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1992-01-01

Discovering The Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Medical categories.

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Basic Neurochemistry

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Author : Scott Brady
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-11-02

Basic Neurochemistry written by Scott Brady and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-02 with Science categories.

Basic Neurochemistry: Principles of Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Neurobiology, the outstanding and comprehensive classic text on neurochemistry, is now newly updated and revised in its Eighth Edition. For more than forty years, this text has been the worldwide standard for information on the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for medical, graduate, and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. The text has evolved, as intended, with the science. It is also an excellent source of current information on basic biochemical and cellular processes in brain function and neurological diseases for continuing medical education and qualifying examinations. This text continues to be the standard reference and textbook for exploring the translational nature of neuroscience, bringing basic and clinical neuroscience together in one authoritative volume. Our book title reflects the expanded attention to these links between neurochemistry and neurologic disease. This new edition continues to cover the basics of neurochemistry as in the earlier editions, along with expanded and additional coverage of new research from: Intracellular trafficking; Stem cells, adult neurogenesis, regeneration; Lipid messengers; Expanded coverage of all major neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders; Neurochemistry of addiction; Neurochemistry of pain; Neurochemistry of hearing and balance; Neurobiology of learning and memory; Sleep; Myelin structure, development, and disease; Autism; and Neuroimmunology. Completely updated text with new authors and material, and many entirely new chapters Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color 61 chapters covering the range of cellular, molecular and medical neuroscience Translational science boxes emphasizing the connections between basic and clinical neuroscience Companion website at http://elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123749475

Brains As Engines Of Association

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Author : Dale Purves
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-04-01

Brains As Engines Of Association written by Dale Purves and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-01 with Medical categories.

Brains as Engines of Association tackles a fundamental question in neuroscience: what is the operating principle of the human brain? While a similar question has been asked and answered for virtually every other human organ during the last few centuries, how the brain operates has remained a central challenge in biology. Based on evidence derived from vision, audition, speech and music--much of it based on the author's own work over the last twenty years--Brains as Engines of Association argues that brains operate wholly on the basis of trial and error experience, encoded in neural circuitry over evolutionary and individual time. This concept of neural function runs counter to current concepts that view the brain as a computing machine, and research programs based on the idea that the only way to answer such questions is by reconstructing the connectivity of brains in their entirety. This view also implies that the best way to understand the details of brain function is to recapitulate their history using artificial neural networks. While this viewpoint has received support in the last few years from work showing that computers can win complex games, the brain plays a much more complex game--the "game" of biological survival--which Purves concludes is based on trial-and-error experience.

Origins Of The Universe Life And Species

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Author : Plammoottil Cherian
language : en
Publisher: Covenant Books, Inc.
Release Date : 2018-03-22

Origins Of The Universe Life And Species written by Plammoottil Cherian and has been published by Covenant Books, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-22 with Fiction categories.

The relationship between science and theology has been a crisis for humanity since Darwin's publication of Origin of Species that affects the very core of scientific and Biblical truths with serious consequences. In this detailed and absorbing book Dr. Cherian provides astounding facts of science that were deciphered in the last 500 years, each of which is recorded in the Biblical Scriptures. Heeding back to the Biblical account of creation, Dr. Cherian takes the readers from the erroneous notion of the origin of the universe without a cause and abiogenesis as the source of life to the latest scientific discoveries that corroborate the Biblical evidence for divine creation of the universe, life and species that dispel Darwinian evolution. The Origins of the Universe, Life and Species sheds much light for a better understanding of the Scriptures that were hidden to many scientists, researchers and students to relate the scientific discoveries that reveal the Biblical truths for a better appreciation of the unknown God who reveals himself through the many scientists and their discoveries. Dr. Cherian, uses all branches of science from astronomy to zoology connecting the dots between science and theology that stretches from the highest of heavens (outer space) to the deepest of ocean floor revealing the unknown God to be the KNOWN GOD.

Biology Of Turtles

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Author : Jeanette Wyneken
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-12-26

Biology Of Turtles written by Jeanette Wyneken and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-26 with Science categories.

Featuring in-depth contributions from an international team of experts, the Biology of Turtles provides the first comprehensive review of the Testudinata. The book starts with the premise that the structure of turtles is particularly interesting and best understood within the context of their development, novelty, functional diversity, and evolution. It provides a robust discussion of the development and diversity of the shell. The book also explores the turtle body plan, its physiological and ecological consequences, evolutionary novelties, and their importance. The 200 illustrations found throughout the text enhance the chapters combine with color illustrations of the development of the shell, aspects of bone structural diversity, growth, and skeletochronology, to make this book an unparalleled resource. The volume concludes with a thoughtful discussion of the more than century long debate on the origins of turtles and the reasons why our understanding of the phylogenic origins and evolution of turtles remains tentative. Currently available books on this subject are woefully out of date and no overall review of Testudinata has been undertaken...until now. Each chapter represents a milestone in synthesizing a wide range of available information on specific subjects. The book’s challenge: look both inside and outside the shell to build a clearer understanding of the diversity and evolution of turtles.

Synuclein And The Coelacanth

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Author : James M. Gruschus
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-01-31

Synuclein And The Coelacanth written by James M. Gruschus and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-31 with Medical categories.

Most neurodegenerative diseases have animal parallels such as Alzheimer’s in chimpanzees, multiple sclerosis in macaques, Lou Gehrig’s disease in dogs, but nothing like Parkinson’s has ever been seen in any species but humans. Synuclein and the Coelacanth: The Molecular and Evolutionary Origins of Parkinson's Disease delves into the causes of Parkinson’s disease and how the evolution of the human brain has left us uniquely vulnerable. Genetic risk factors, environmental toxins, and neuroanatomy are woven together in a multidisciplinary discussion that ranges from subatomic physics to socioeconomics. Connections between neurodegenerative disease, neural pathways, and innate immunity are explored. Finally, the author discusses new therapeutic agents are being developed that hope to go beyond just treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s and actually halt the disease. Proposes a new hypothesis on the origins of Parkinson’s disease Examines genetic risk factors, environmental toxins, and neuroanatomy of PD Highlights new therapeutic treatment options in development for patients

Select Topics In The Physics Of The Origin Of Life

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Author : V. Alexander Stefan
language : en
Publisher: Stefan University Press
Release Date : 2002-12-05

Select Topics In The Physics Of The Origin Of Life written by V. Alexander Stefan and has been published by Stefan University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-05 with Science categories.

the origin-of-life problem and the proteinoid theory molecular biology and the reconstruction of microbial phylogenies: des liaisons dangereuses? prebiotic chirality and life concentration and organization of precursors at inorganic interplayers and interfaces THE CHEMICAL ORIGINS OF LIFE AND MIND symmetry breaking and the origin of life THE WEAK FORCE AND SETH: THE SEARCH FOR EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL HOMOCHIRALITY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ACTION AND REACTION UNDERLYING THE PHYSICAL ORIGIN OF LIFE randomness, determinism, and evolution