Molecular Pattern Recognition Receptors
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Pattern Recognition Receptors And Cancer
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Author : Anton G. Kutikhin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-10-08
Pattern Recognition Receptors And Cancer written by Anton G. Kutikhin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-08 with Immunologic diseases. Allergy categories.
The group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) includes families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and AIM-2-like receptors (ALRs). Conceptually, receptors constituting these families are united by two general features. Firstly, they directly recognize common antigen determinants of virtually all classes of pathogens (so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or simply PAMPs) and initiate immune response against them via specific intracellular signaling pathways. Secondly, they recognize endogenous ligands (since they are usually released during cell stress, they are called damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs), and, hence, PRR-mediated immune response can be activated without an influence of infectious agents. So, pattern recognition receptors play the key role performing the innate and adaptive immune response. In addition, many PRRs have a number of other vital functions apart from participation in immune response realization. The fundamental character and diversity of PRR functions have led to amazingly rapid research in this field. Such investigations are very promising for medicine as immune system plays a key role in vast majority if not all human diseases, and the process of discovering the new aspects of the immune system functioning is rapidly ongoing. The role of Toll-like receptors in cancer was analyzed in certain reviews but the data are still scattered. This collection of reviews systematizes the key information in the field.
Molecular Pattern Recognition Receptors
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Author : Juan Guzmán-Caldentey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Molecular Pattern Recognition Receptors written by Juan Guzmán-Caldentey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
In this Thesis we have aimed the study of the molecular recognition processes of receptors involved in the innate immunity. More concretely, we have focused in two different types of lectins, Galectins and DC-SIGN, and in Toll-like receptor 4. We have made use of computational techniques, including docking and virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations, conformational analysis and quantum mechanics calculations. The work has been organized into several chapters that are summarized as follows:Chapter 1 corresponds to the current knowledge and perspectives about receptors related to immunity, in particular: galectins, DC-SIGN, and Toll-like receptor 4, corresponding to the molecular recognition events and modulation by small molecules.Chapter 2 describes the state-of-the-art methods in molecular modeling and computational chemistry applied to the study of molecular recognition processes and drug design...
Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors Methods And Protocols
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Author : Libo Shan
language : en
Publisher: Methods in Molecular Biology
Release Date : 2019-03-16
Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors Methods And Protocols written by Libo Shan and has been published by Methods in Molecular Biology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-16 with Science categories.
This volume covers protocols on techniques ranging from MAMP isolations from diverse microorganisms, PRR identifications from different plant species, MAMP-PRR binding, and a series of signaling responses and events revealed by various biochemical, cellular, genetic and bioinformatic tools. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Pattern Recognition Receptors And Cancer
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Pattern Recognition Receptors And Cancer written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) includes families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and AIM-2-like receptors (ALRs). Conceptually, receptors constituting these families are united by two general features. Firstly, they directly recognize common antigen determinants of virtually all classes of pathogens (so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or simply PAMPs) and initiate immune response against them via specific intracellular signaling pathways. Secondly, they recognize endogenous ligands (since they are usually released during cell stress, they are called damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs), and, hence, PRR-mediated immune response can be activated without an influence of infectious agents. So, pattern recognition receptors play the key role performing the innate and adaptive immune response. In addition, many PRRs have a number of other vital functions apart from participation in immune response realization. The fundamental character and diversity of PRR functions have led to amazingly rapid research in this field. Such investigations are very promising for medicine as immune system plays a key role in vast majority if not all human diseases, and the process of discovering the new aspects of the immune system functioning is rapidly ongoing. The role of Toll-like receptors in cancer was analyzed in certain reviews but the data are still scattered. This collection of reviews systematizes the key information in the field.
Target Pattern Recognition In Innate Immunity
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Author : Uday Kishore
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Target Pattern Recognition In Innate Immunity written by Uday Kishore and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Medical categories.
Target pattern recognition in innate immunity is responsible for the immediate, usually protective, responses shown against invading microorganisms, and it is the principal feature of self and non-self recognition by virtue of the recognition of structures on the microbial pathogens, which are not found on host cells. This is an area that has been very actively researched, over approximately the past 12 years, and therefore this volume provides a timely comprehensive, and up to date, summary of the types and range of cell surface, intracellular, and secreted, host proteins involved in the recognition of microbial products, and of the protective mechanisms triggered as a result of the recognition events. The Toll-like receptors, first described in Drosophila and now well-characterised on human cells, provide an excellent demonstration of the wide range of different microbial products recognised by this family of receptors and of the signalling pathways which are triggered thus leading to induction of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of genes producing antimicrobial products. In addition, several cell surface proteins involved in target pattern recognition have been described on the surfaces of macrophages (macrophage mannose receptor and macrophage scavenger receptors), and on dendritic cells (DEC205), and to be involved with the uptake and clearance of whole microorganisms and polyanioic ligands. Pattern recognition is also utilised by intracellular receptors, with NOD-like receptors in the cytosol recognizing microbial molecules and activating the production of inflammatory cytokines or pathways that induce the production of inflammatory molecules. Secreted proteins, such as the pentraxins, which includes the acute phase reacting, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid protein (SAP), and the collectins (mannan binding lectin, lung surfactant protein A and D) and ficolins can also readily recruit killing and clearance systems. Indeed, the serum complement system, which is one of the major defence systems in the bloodstream, is efficiently activated by CR P on its binding to the phosphocholine groups of microbial phospholipids—and the subsequent interaction of the bound CR P with C1q—to give classical pathway activation, or MBL, or ficolin, binding to arrays of mannose or N-acetyl-glucosamine residues, respectively, on the surfaces of microorganisms—to give lectin pathway activation. Also, in addition to the activation and clearance events associated with complement activation by some of the secreted pattern recognition receptors, it is accepted that all these pattern recognition receptors can generally accelerate the uptake and clearance of microbes via phagocytic cells. In view of the growing interest in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity, a thorough understanding of the initial recognition and triggering events, mediated via innate immune receptors, as addressed in this volume, is clearly very useful in helping to also fully understand the mechanisms of activation and control of the adaptive immune system—and to allow a full assessment of the relative roles played by innate immunity and adaptive immunity against a particular infection in higher organisms.
Pattern Recognition Receptors Advances In Research And Application 2013 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2013-06-21
Pattern Recognition Receptors Advances In Research And Application 2013 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-21 with Medical categories.
Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about ZZZAdditional Research in a concise format. The editors have built Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about ZZZAdditional Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
C Type Lectin Receptors In Immunity
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Author : Sho Yamasaki
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-22
C Type Lectin Receptors In Immunity written by Sho Yamasaki and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-22 with Medical categories.
The book presents the latest findings on C-type lectin receptors, focusing on individual receptors and their signaling. In recent years there have been great advances in the understanding of the function of these receptors as a newly emerging family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Comprising four parts: ITAM-coupled Activating Receptors; HemITAM-bearing Receptors; ITIM-bearing Receptors; and Other Receptors and Related Topics, this comprehensive review covers a broad range of C-type lectin receptors. The updated information on C-type lectin receptors and their ligands provided will appeal to a wide readership, from basic immunologists to physicians and surgeons. In addition, sections on novel drug development make this a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists.
Toll Like Receptors In Health And Disease
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Author : Vijay Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Toll Like Receptors In Health And Disease written by Vijay Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans. The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.
Pattern Recognition Receptors Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-12-26
Pattern Recognition Receptors Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-26 with Medical categories.
Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Pattern Recognition Receptors in a concise format. The editors have built Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Pattern Recognition Receptors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Pattern Recognition Receptors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Plant Pattern Recognition Receptor Activation And Exploration Of Techniques To Engineer Novel Ligand Specificities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Plant Pattern Recognition Receptor Activation And Exploration Of Techniques To Engineer Novel Ligand Specificities written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) localized at the plasma membrane of plant cells monitor the apoplastic space for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and apoplastic effectors. In my thesis research I studied different aspects of the two Arabidopsis PRRs EFR and FLS2. Both EFR and FLS2 are leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases (RLKs). First I cloned, sequenced and functionally tested in chimeric receptors the LRR-encoding domains of nine novel EFR alleles from seven Brassicaceae species. The sequences were subjected to Repeat Conservation Mapping (RCM), a computational program developed in our lab that identifies conserved patches on the predicted surface of LRR domains. This analysis revealed conserved clusters in the LRR domain of EFR, which are candidate functionally important sites. Additional work used RCM to compare the last seven LRRs of the BAK1-interacting LRR-RLKs EFR, FLS2, BRI1 and PEPR1, and revealed a conserved putative BAK1 ectodomain interaction site. However, site-directed mutagenesis of the putative BAK1 interaction site in the FLS2 ectodomain did not disrupt interaction with BAK1 and analogous mutagenesis in EFR resulted in receptor maturation defects. Hence this conserved LRR C-terminal region apparently has functions other than mediating interactions with BAK1. I then performed In vivo tests of the newly published FLS2-BAK1-flg22 ectodomain co-crystal structure, with the resulting data supporting models in which FLS2 signaling is initiated by formation of a ligand mediated FLS2 - BAK1 ectodomain complex. In an effort to mold our constantly growing knowledge about the plant immune system into agriculturally useful tools to improve crop health, I also explored two approaches to engineer novel PRRs. The first approach sought to use yeast surface display to evolve the endogenous LRR domains of EFR and FLS2 towards novel ligand binding capacities. The second approach used a LRR-based variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) of Petromyzon marinus as template for rational design of novel ligand binding sites in FLS2. Both approaches are compromised by the subsequently discovered finding that PRR activation requires a SERK protein ectodomain as a co-receptor. The research projects presented here further elucidate PRR signaling activation and present possible technologies for engineering novel PRRs to improve crop health.
