Molecular Strategies Of Creatures To Survive In Acidic Environments
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Molecular Strategies Of Creatures To Survive In Acidic Environments
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Author : Hiroshi Kobayashi
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2021-07-16
Molecular Strategies Of Creatures To Survive In Acidic Environments written by Hiroshi Kobayashi and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-16 with Science categories.
Creatures often suffer changes in conditions of their surroundings from the womb to the tomb through the climate alterations and their own movements, and may have various strategies in place to overcome such environmental changes. Among the conditions they encounter, the pH of environments surrounding creatures varies dramatically during lifespans, especially in microorganisms. In humans, the skin covering the body prevents acidification inside the body, and cells are surrounded by body fluid whose pH is kept at 7.4. Nevertheless, pH surrounding cells is often acidified, especially diseased areas, such as cancer nests, inflammatory loci, and infarction areas. Life sciences at the molecular level have been focused on studies in near neutral pH conditions because neutral pH is favourable for many creatures. For a deeper understanding of life, it is essential to clarify molecular mechanisms of how organisms and cells keep their activities when their surroundings are acidified, in the “acidic world”. This book summarises the current achievements concerning how cellular functions are kept in acidic environments for a wide range of living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Research results obtained to date allow the prediction that all creatures have different sets of genes and use them under different pH conditions. However, we only know little about the “acidic world”, and a huge number of uncovered questions are waiting to be resolved. Their elucidation would help to open up a new way of understanding life.
Life At Extremes
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Author : Elanor Bell
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Life At Extremes written by Elanor Bell and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
From arid deserts to icy poles, outer space to the depths of the sea, this exciting new work studies the remarkable life forms that have made these inhospitable environments their home. Covering not only micro-organisms, but also higher plants and animals such as worms, fish and polar plants, this book details the ecological, biological and biogeochemical challenges these organisms face and unifying themes between environments. Equally useful for the expert, student and casual scientific reader, this book also explores the impact of climate change, rapid seasonal changes and pollution on these extraordinary creatures.
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria 2 Volume Set
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Author : Frans J. de Bruijn
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-09-06
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria 2 Volume Set written by Frans J. de Bruijn and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-06 with Science categories.
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Survival Strategies In Cold Adapted Microorganisms
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Author : Reeta Goel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-12-08
Survival Strategies In Cold Adapted Microorganisms written by Reeta Goel and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-08 with Science categories.
Extremophiles have unique physiological properties, thus considered to be ideal candidates for industrial development. This book present concepts on cold-adapted microorganisms, centered on four different aspects - (i) diversity of cold adapted microbes (ii) their ecology, physiology and metabolism (iii) omics research in the field and (iv) their potential applications. This volume collates the recent developments and innovations with respect to these microorganisms. This book is meant for researchers, biochemists, industries, and government agencies interested in cold active microbes and their products. Also, would be of interest to NGOs and progressive farmers which are working for higher altitude ecosystems throughout the globe.
Molecular Medical Microbiology
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Author : Yi-Wei Tang
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-09-14
Molecular Medical Microbiology written by Yi-Wei Tang and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-14 with Science categories.
The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology Full color presentation througout In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines
The Role Of Environmental Reservoirs In Campylobacter Mediated Infection
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Author : Shymaa Enany
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-28
The Role Of Environmental Reservoirs In Campylobacter Mediated Infection written by Shymaa Enany and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-28 with Science categories.
Cell Chemistry And Physiology
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Author : Edward Bittar
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1996-01-04
Cell Chemistry And Physiology written by Edward Bittar and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-04 with Science categories.
This is the first of a 4-volume module that is an introduction to the study of cell chemistry and physiology. It is not intended to be encyclopedic in nature but rather a general survey of the subject with an emphasis on those topics that are central to an understanding of cell biology and those that are certain to become of increasing importance in the teaching of modern medicine. We have followed what appeared to as to be the logical divisions of the subject beginning with proteins. Allewell and her colleagues stress the point that proteins fold spontaneously to form complex three-dimensional structures and that some of them unfold with the help of proteins called chaperones. Michaelis-Menten kinetics are shown by Nelsestuen to describe the behaviour of enzymes in the test tube. The formalism is particularly useful in the search for agents of therapeutic value, as exemplified by methotrexate. Uptake by mammalian cells of substrates and their metabolic conversions are discussed by van der Vusse and Reneman. However, both Welch and Savageau expound the view that the cell is not simply a bagful of enzymes. The biologist is urged by Savageau to abandon Michaelis-Menten formalism and apply the Power Law. The biologist is also told that the approach to arriving at a theory of metabolic control would have to be one of successive approximations requiring the use of the computer. Information gained from comparative biochemistry is shown by Storey and Brooks to have shed new light on mechanisms of metabolic rate depression and freeze tolerance, and to be applicable to organ transplantation technology. We are reminded that enzyme adaptation is partly the result of the presence of a hydrating shell of vicinal water that stabilises conformation of the enzyme. Vicinal water, according to Drost-Hausen and Singleton, lies adjacent to most solids and protein interfaces. The kinks or breaks observed in the slope of the Arrhenius plot are attributed to structural changes in vicinal water. Regulation of cell volume is shown by Hempling to involve regulation of cell water. It could be that the osmo-receptor or volume detection system is a protein that links the cytoskeleton to specific K and C1 channels. Additionally, it is interesting that aquaporins, which are water channel-forming membrane proteins, are now known to exist in both renal and extra-renal tissues. One of the renal porins is affected by vasopressin. We then pass on to protein synthesis (Rattan) and other important topics including protein glycosylation (Hounsell), methylation (Clarke), ADP-ribosylation (Pearson) and prenylation (Gelb). Among the four types of lipids attached to membrane proteins are the prenyl groups. Ford and Gross in their chapter on lipobiology drive home the point that there is an accumulation of acyl carnitine and lysophospholipids during myocardial infarction.
Organismal And Molecular Malacology
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Author : Sajal Ray
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-08-16
Organismal And Molecular Malacology written by Sajal Ray and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-16 with Science categories.
The book with two sections represents the current trend of research in basic and applied malacology. In the section "Organismal Malacology", high-impact articles were contributed in the frontier areas of taxonomy, ecology and aquaculture of molluscs. Importance of mussel in water quality monitoring was highlighted. Biology and conservation of keystone molluscs were discussed from organismal point of view. "Cellular and Molecular Biology" section contains informative chapters on toxin-induced differential gene expression, spatiotemporal neural activity in olfactory processing in slug and immunity of hydrothermal vent molluscs. Biochemistry of cellulose degradation, lipid profile and C-reactive protein were elucidated in detail in separate chapters. This book represents a rich source of malacological information for the scientists, teachers and students.
Molecular Medical Parasitology
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Author : Joseph Marr
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-12-10
Molecular Medical Parasitology written by Joseph Marr and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-10 with Medical categories.
A valuable, new source, Molecular Medical Parasitology is the only text of its kind -- one that applies broad concepts and current scientific advances from both molecular biology and biochemistry to the study of parasitic organisms. An internationally renowned team of scientists and physicians places parasites in their broad biological contexts while still emphasizing the specifics that differentiate these organisms. Not only will researchers and faculty in parasitology find this an indispensable guide, physicians will benefit from the thorough coverage molecular biology and biochemistry's current influences on treatment and management of parasitic diseases. Features the most up-to-date scientific methods behind the medical management of parasitic diseases Applies the most current synthesis of molecular biology and biochemistry to parasitic organisms Contains many informative figures and clear illustrations
Technological Strategies To Improve Animal Health And Production
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Author : Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-06-27
Technological Strategies To Improve Animal Health And Production written by Daniel Hernandez-Patlan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-27 with Medical categories.