Money The Root Of Global Trade
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Money The Root Of Global Trade
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Author : Katharina John
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-11
Money The Root Of Global Trade written by Katharina John and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 2,0, Vienna University of Economics and Business, course: Seminar Business English, 47 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The transition from barter economic systems to early monetary economies in Europe took place at around 700 BC. Ancient Greece (1000 BC - 323 BC) and afterwards the Roman Republic (509 BC - 44/27 BC) successfully established simple coinage systems with currencies like the denarius that already managed to fulfil the three modern economic functions that distinguish money from all other assets. In line with an ancient "free-market"-regulatory system during the early years of the Roman Empire (44/27 BC - 476 AD) the denarius subsequently paved the way for a tremendous enlargement of foreign trade, thus marking off the beginning of modern "free" trade. On the other hand, the Romans were the first who suffered from the negative aspects and challenges of a market economy: since modern principles as social and income justice as well as price stability were fully disregarded, the Romans were facing financial inequality, hyperinflation, and cultural erosion of their "way of living". Their fiscal and monetary policy harshly failed to finance long-term public expenditure, in particular military expenditures and imperial bribes. This imperfect competitive system is one of the main reasons for the disastrous collapse of the (Western) Roman Empire. However, this erroneous trend cannot only be assessed for ancient market systems: inflation during the years 1914-1923 in the German Reich and Weimar Republic also showed negative economical implications of hyperinflation including intense individual suffering and social impairment. Accompanied by the Black Tuesday of 1929 the German inflation finally fuelled political extremist fractions and amplified distrust towards economic institutions and legitimate democratic authorities.
Money The Root Of Global Trade
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Author : Katharina John
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-11-06
Money The Root Of Global Trade written by Katharina John and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 2,0, Vienna University of Economics and Business , course: Seminar Business English, 47 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The transition from barter economic systems to early monetary economies in Europe took place at around 700 BC. Ancient Greece (1000 BC – 323 BC) and afterwards the Roman Republic (509 BC – 44/27 BC) successfully established simple coinage systems with currencies like the denarius that already managed to fulfil the three modern economic functions that distinguish money from all other assets. In line with an ancient “free-market”-regulatory system during the early years of the Roman Empire (44/27 BC – 476 AD) the denarius subsequently paved the way for a tremendous enlargement of foreign trade, thus marking off the beginning of modern “free” trade. On the other hand, the Romans were the first who suffered from the negative aspects and challenges of a market economy: since modern principles as social and income justice as well as price stability were fully disregarded, the Romans were facing financial inequality, hyperinflation , and cultural erosion of their “way of living”. Their fiscal and monetary policy harshly failed to finance long-term public expenditure, in particular military expenditures and imperial bribes. This imperfect competitive system is one of the main reasons for the disastrous collapse of the (Western) Roman Empire. However, this erroneous trend cannot only be assessed for ancient market systems: inflation during the years 1914-1923 in the German Reich and Weimar Republic also showed negative economical implications of hyperinflation including intense individual suffering and social impairment. Accompanied by the Black Tuesday of 1929 the German inflation finally fuelled political extremist fractions and amplified distrust towards economic institutions and legitimate democratic authorities.
International Trade And Investment
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Author : Franklin R. Root
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
International Trade And Investment written by Franklin R. Root and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Business & Economics categories.
The Great Trade Collapse Causes Consequences And Prospects
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Author : Richard E. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher: CEPR
Release Date : 2009
The Great Trade Collapse Causes Consequences And Prospects written by Richard E. Baldwin and has been published by CEPR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Commercial policy categories.
Effects Of Monetary Policy On International Trade In Ethiopia
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Author : Gediyon Bekele Moliso
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2021-10-25
Effects Of Monetary Policy On International Trade In Ethiopia written by Gediyon Bekele Moliso and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-25 with Business & Economics categories.
Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: This study examined the effect of monetary policies on Total Trade (proxy of international trade) in Ethiopia between 1989 to 2019.International trade was captured using Total Trade (proxy of international trade) while the independent variables that described the various macroeconomic policies in Ethiopia were money supply, exchange rate, real lending rate and inflation rate. Time series data on the variables of the study was gotten from Annual reports of the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) from 1989-2019. The secondary data was analyzed using E-views 9.0 software. A model was formulated for the study. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) stationary test showed that the variables in the study were stable at both levels and at first difference. The regression of the independent variables with Total Trade (proxy of international trade) showed the existence of a long run relationship. Using the Autoregressive Distribute Model (ARDL), the empirical results money supply exerts a significant positive effect on Total Trade (proxy of international trade) in the long run while real lending rate and inflation rate exerts a significant negative effect on Total Trade (proxy of international trade) in the long run and Total Trade (proxy of international trade) one period lag of the variable significantly affects the Total Trade (proxy of international trade) in the short run. LagTT or D(LTT(-1)), a one percent increase in expectation push Total Trade (proxy of international trade) by 51% in short run. This result is similar to the theory of adaptive expectations, they states that individuals will form future expectations based on past events. The study thus concluded that the monetary policy channels through which Total Trade (proxy of international trade) in Ethiopia can be influenced are money supply, lending rate and inflation rate. The study testes all the diagnostic test like serial correlation, Normality, heteroschedasticity and stability. The estimate of the speed of adjustment coefficient found in this study indicates that about a 75% of the variation in the Total Trade (proxy of international trade) from its equilibrium level is corrected within a year.
Uncovering Value Added In Trade
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Author : Yuqing Xing
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-07-13
Uncovering Value Added In Trade written by Yuqing Xing and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-13 with Political Science categories.
Value chain trade has challenged economic implications of conventional trade statistics and transformed bilateral trade relationships into multilaterals. Conventional trade statistics exaggerate trade volumes and bilateral trade imbalances. It is imperative to measure trade in value-added and examine trade relations in the context of global value chains. This book is a collection of research papers on new approaches to measure trade in value added and the role of global value chains in modern international trade. It introduces the input output method for measuring trade and a direct approach for measuring the domestic value added of the People's Republic of China — the center of global assembly. In addition, it shows how to analyze trade relations in the context of global value chains. Contents:Introduction (Yuqing Xing)Implications of Global Value Chains for Trade Statistics and Trade Policy (Christophe Degain and Andreas Maurer)OECD Inter-Country Input–Output Model and Policy Implications (Norihiko Yamano)Estimating the Upper Limits of Value Added in the People's Republic of China's Processing Exports (Yuqing Xing)An Alternative Measurement for International Fragmentation of the Production Process: An International Input–Output Approach (Satoshi Inomata)Share of Imports and Commodities in Consumption and Investment in the United States (Galina Hale and Bart Hobijn)Domestic Value Chains in the People's Republic of China and Their Linkages with the Global Economy (Bo Meng)The "Fox–Apple" Partnership in the Global Value Chain: How Did Foreign Direct Investment and Contract Manufacturing Reshape the Landscape of the Electronics Industry? (Guoyong Liang) Readership: Advance postgraduate students and researchers in the field of international economics, particularly those studying global value chains. Key Features:This is the first book to systematically introduce the input-output method for measuring trade in value-added and a direct approach to measure the domestic value-added of China's exportsChapters are based on innovative approaches to analyze trade relations under global value chainsContributors are leading scholars in global value chains research and study. The authors are from WTO, OECD, ADBI, UNCTAD, the US Fed, JETRO-IDE and Peking University — a great combination and representation of international organizations and academic institutionsKeywords:Trade;Global Value Chains;Production Networks;Input-output Method;Trade Statistics;Trade Measurement;Trade in Value-Added;Domestic Value-Added;Production Fragmentation;Global Assembly;Trade Relations;Foreign Direct Investment;Manufacturing
The Origins Of Globalization
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Author : Pim de Zwart
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-09-20
The Origins Of Globalization written by Pim de Zwart and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Reveals how global trade shaped early modern economic, social and political development, and inaugurated the first era of globalization.
A Handbook Of International Trade In Services
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Author : Aaditya Mattoo
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008
A Handbook Of International Trade In Services written by Aaditya Mattoo and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This title provides a comprehensive introduction to the key issues in trade and liberalization of services. Providing a useful overview of the players involved, the barriers to trade, and case studies in a number of service industries, this is ideal for policymakers and students interested in trade.
The Global Trade Slowdown
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Author : Cristina Constantinescu
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-21
The Global Trade Slowdown written by Cristina Constantinescu and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper focuses on the sluggish growth of world trade relative to income growth in recent years. The analysis uses an empirical strategy based on an error correction model to assess whether the global trade slowdown is structural or cyclical. An estimate of the relationship between trade and income in the past four decades reveals that the long-term trade elasticity rose sharply in the 1990s, but declined significantly in the 2000s even before the global financial crisis. These results suggest that trade is growing slowly not only because of slow growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but also because of a structural change in the trade-GDP relationship in recent years. The available evidence suggests that the explanation may lie in the slowing pace of international vertical specialization rather than increasing protection or the changing composition of trade and GDP.
An Inquiry Into The Nature And Causes Of The Wealth Of Nations
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Author : Adam Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1822
An Inquiry Into The Nature And Causes Of The Wealth Of Nations written by Adam Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1822 with Economics categories.