Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour
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Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour
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Author : Niklaus Kämpfer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-13
Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour written by Niklaus Kämpfer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.
Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour
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Author : Niklaus Kämpfer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-09-14
Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour written by Niklaus Kämpfer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.
Long Term Monitoring Of Atmospheric Water Vapor And Methane
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Author : Petra Hausmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Long Term Monitoring Of Atmospheric Water Vapor And Methane written by Petra Hausmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Atmospheric Water Vapor
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Author : Adarsh Deepak
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-09-25
Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Adarsh Deepak and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-25 with Science categories.
Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
An Assessment Of The Quality Of Gps Water Vapour Estimates And Their Use In Operational Meteorology And Climate Monitoring
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Author : Jonathan Jones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
An Assessment Of The Quality Of Gps Water Vapour Estimates And Their Use In Operational Meteorology And Climate Monitoring written by Jonathan Jones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The path delay between a GPS satellite and a ground based GPS receiver depends, after elimination of ionospheric effects using a combination of the two GPS frequencies, on the integral effect of the densities of dry air and water vapour along the signal path. The total delay in the signal from each satellite is known as the slant delay as the path is most likely to be non-azimuthal. The slant paths are then transferred into the vertical (or zenith) by an elevation mapping function, and this new parameter is known as the Zenith Total Delay or ZTD. ZTD gives a measure for the integrated tropospheric condition and is now widely accepted as a standard product from a network of dual frequency GPS receivers. With further calculation, taking into account surface pressure and temperature, we can then convert a portion of the ZTD into an estimate of the Integrated Water Vapour content of the atmosphere (IWV). As IWV may potentially change rapidly on a very short timescale, it is the speed at which IWV can be calculated which is of critical importance to short term meteorological forecasting. Often, rapid changes in IWV are associated with high humidity conditions caused by extreme weather events such as thunderstorms. Extreme weather events such as these are typically difficult to predict and track under current operational meteorological systems and, as they have the potential to cause great damage, it is in the interests to both the public and Met Services to significantly improve nowcasting wherever possible. As such the requirement for dense near real-time GPS networks for meteorological applications becomes apparent. Furthermore water vapour is one of the most important constituents of the atmosphere as moisture and latent heat are primarily transmitted through the water vapour phase. As well as this, water vapour is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and as such accurate monitoring of water vapour is of great importance to climatological research. This thesis assesses the quality of GPS water vapour estimates by comparison against a number of other remote sensing instruments to determine what the true value of the water vapour is and how well GPS water vapour estimates accurately represent real atmospheric fluctuations. Through these comparisons we can derive site specific bias corrections and thus, reconstruct a bias corrected time series of data for climate applications. Furthermore to ensure all biases associated with GPS processing changes are removed, a long time series of raw GPS data has been reprocessed under a consistent processing routine to again identify any climate trends in the data. Finally, this thesis addresses the question of whether near real-time GPS derived tropospheric estimates are of sufficient quality for climate applications without the need for time consuming reprocessing.
Estimation Of Total Precipitable Water Vapour An Empirical Model Approach
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Author : Makama Ezekiel Kaura & Lim Hwee San
language : en
Publisher: Penerbit USM
Release Date : 2021-12-08
Estimation Of Total Precipitable Water Vapour An Empirical Model Approach written by Makama Ezekiel Kaura & Lim Hwee San and has been published by Penerbit USM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-08 with Science categories.
The book essentially covers: Temporal and spatial distribution of total precipitable water (TPW), derived from ATOVS measurements and radiosonde profiling across different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution of TPW at different altitudes (atmospheric layers) namely upper, lower and middle layers. Computation of empirical models correlating TPW at middle and higher atmospheric layers with that of the lower layer in order to establish possible interlayer correlation. Development of models to estimate/predict layered (lower, middle and upper) and TPW using precipitable water obtained from ATOVS satellite data and surface meteorological data (temperature, pressure and relative humidity). Development and comparison of artificial neural networks (ANN) models with the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Contrasting precipitable water data from ATOVS with radiosonde observations, portrays the former as suitable for studies on TPW. The two sources of water vapour profiles agreed reasonably well, both seasonally and spatially across the different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. The developed MLR based models provide excellent predictive capabilities with seasonal and spatial dependency, especially during the northeast monsoon and northwards across Peninsular Malaysia.
Zonal Profiles Of Atmospheric Water Vapor
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Author : Peter M. Kuhn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Zonal Profiles Of Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Peter M. Kuhn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Aeronautics in meteorology categories.
Monitoring Toxic Gases In The Atmosphere For Hygiene And Pollution Control
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Author : W. Thain
language : en
Publisher: Pergamon
Release Date : 1980
Monitoring Toxic Gases In The Atmosphere For Hygiene And Pollution Control written by W. Thain and has been published by Pergamon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Science categories.
Atmospheric Water Vapor Divergence
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Author : Arnold A. Barnes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
Atmospheric Water Vapor Divergence written by Arnold A. Barnes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Water vapor, Atmospheric categories.
The Gewex Global Water Vapor Project Gvap U S Opportunities
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-09-19
The Gewex Global Water Vapor Project Gvap U S Opportunities written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09-19 with Science categories.
Water vapor plays a vital role in shaping weather and climate on Earth. Hence, monitoring water vapor is critical if we are to explain and predict the behavior of the climate system. Unfortunately, measuring and analyzing water vapor on the time and space scales needed for this purpose have proven elusive. Therefore, it is appropriate and timely for the international climate research community, through the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), to focus a project around water vapor. To this end, a GEWEX Global Water Vapor Project (GVaP) has been proposed, and draft Science and Implementation Plans have been developed. As requested by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), the National Research Council's (NRC) GEWEX Panel has reviewed these plans with an eye toward U.S. priorities.