Monte Cassino 1944 Who Was To Blame
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Monte Cassino 1944 Who Was To Blame
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Author : Nando Tasciotti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Monte Cassino 1944 Who Was To Blame written by Nando Tasciotti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with History categories.
War crime, military necessity or tragic mistake? Deceits, blunders and lies led on 15 February 1944 Anglo-American planes to bomb the millennial abbey of Monte Cassino. This book documents, above all, the role of political leaders. Hitler was primarily to blame. He ordered the abolition of the neutral area promised to the Vatican and to stand not "inside" (as some British generals in particular believed) but "under the walls". In any case, on the Gustav Line, a decisive military advantage. Unlawful. Churchill in a telegram to General Alexander urged General Freyberg's attack. Reasons, results. Then he did not speak of Monte Cassino again, officially, for years. When he did... Roosevelt said: "Military necessity". Was it really so? For Rome, used militarily by the Germans, he sent the Pope an advice. Pius XII did not protest immediately and loudly: to protect Rome. From the Secret Archives a self-criticism emerges: even the abbey could have been saved. And the rescue of the Treasures boasted by the Germans? It resulted in the theft of many Neapolitan museums masterpieces. Göring's order, and Hitler knew it. But the monks hid the Treasure of San Gennaro, right on one of their trucks.
Monte Cassino
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Author : David Hapgood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Monte Cassino written by David Hapgood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cassino (Italy), Battle of, 1944 categories.
Monte Cassino 1944
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Author : Zbigniew Wawer
language : pl
Publisher: Bellona
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Monte Cassino 1944 written by Zbigniew Wawer and has been published by Bellona this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Cassino, Battle of, Cassino, Italy, 1944 categories.
Monte Cassino January May 1944
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Author : Angelos Mansolas
language : en
Publisher: Fonthill Media
Release Date : 2017-08-18
Monte Cassino January May 1944 written by Angelos Mansolas and has been published by Fonthill Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-18 with History categories.
A day-to-day account of the monumental four-month battleVivid first-hand accounts of soldiers on both sidesTactical and strategic analysis of the engagementsBeautifully illustrated with high-quality photographs and plans from the author’s personal collection In 1944, two Allied armies were ready to launch an assault against German forces in central Italy so they could march to Rome. There were three routes available to get there. The fastest one passed through the Liri valley. The entrance to the valley, however, was blocked by the rugged Monte Cassino massif with its hilltop medieval monastery and the town below, which controlled the battlefield. In front of them ran the Gustav Line, the most formidably constructed defensive line the Western Allies would ever come up against. The second possible route would be to outflank the Gustav Line to reach the valley, but they would also have to capture the innumerable rough peaks and ridges along the massif on a treacherous terrain that favoured the defenders. The third and last option would be to breach the Gustav Line directly in front of the Cassino town. Nevertheless, they would have to engage in costly house-to-house fighting against stubborn German paratroopers lurking beneath the rubble. They decided to try all three routes. None of those was easy and all proved deadly...
Monte Cassino
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Author : David Hapgood
language : en
Publisher: Berkley
Release Date : 1986
Monte Cassino written by David Hapgood and has been published by Berkley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with History categories.
Provides a detailed, investigative account of the destruction of Monte Cassino, Europe's oldest monastery, in a February 1944 attack by American bombers
The Bombardment Of Monte Cassino February 14 16 1944
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Author : Herbert Bloch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
The Bombardment Of Monte Cassino February 14 16 1944 written by Herbert Bloch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Cassino, Battle of, Cassino, Italy, 1944 categories.
The Necessity For The Destruction Of The Abbey Of Monte Cassino
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Author : Major John G. Clement
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
The Necessity For The Destruction Of The Abbey Of Monte Cassino written by Major John G. Clement and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
The Abbey of Monte Cassino, founded by Saint Benedict in A.D. 529, at the beginning of the Italian campaign was one of only two sites requiring special consideration in the interest of historical preservation. The monastery overlooked the only north-south road from Naples to Rome. The promontory, studied by the Italian War College as an example of a position made impregnable by nature, was the focal point of the German Gustav Line. The German defensive scheme did not include the monastery but did establish positions within 300 meters of its outer walls. After the lackluster landing at Anzio, the Fifth Army was obligated to conduct a winter campaign to break through the Gustav Line and relieve Anzio. In a sinister scape of bush and rock, soldiers endured immeasurable hardships while the monastery stood immune to the scars of war. On 15 February 1944, 253 tons of explosives were dropped on the Abbey of Monte Cassino as hundreds of refugees and wounded assembled in the chapel for morning services. The German paratroopers survived the onslaught of Allied airpower without a casualty and occupied the ruins that would serve as a strongpoint for the next four months. The perceived necessity for the bombing was nested in leadership interpretation of military necessity, psychological impact, and political considerations. Because the bombing was not coordinated with the ground assault, it was tactically irrelevant and failed to meet the requirements of military necessity. Decisions made to bolster friendly morale and to avoid political conflict are not intended for the defeat of the enemy and also fail to meet the requirements of necessity. The bombing was a careless act resulting in the needless death of civilians, destruction of a sacred building, and a waste of valuable military resources.
Monte Cassino
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Author : John Grehan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Monte Cassino written by John Grehan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with World War, 1939-1945 categories.
Monte Cassino
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Author : Melchior Wańkowicz
language : pl
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Monte Cassino written by Melchior Wańkowicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Cassino, Battle of, Cassino, Italy, 1944 categories.
Tank Attack At Monte Cassino
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Author : Jeffrey Plowman
language : en
Publisher: Pen and Sword Military
Release Date : 2020-04-30
Tank Attack At Monte Cassino written by Jeffrey Plowman and has been published by Pen and Sword Military this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with History categories.
Early morning, 19 March 1944. Tanks manned by New Zealanders, Indians and Americans launch a daring attack along a narrow mountain track on German positions north of Monte Cassino. So began one of the most audacious Allied attempts to break through the Gustav Line and advance on Rome and it almost succeeded. Yet the extraordinary story has seldom been told, and it has never been told before in the vivid detail Jeffrey Plowman brings to this new account. Using operational orders, combat reports, unit diaries, post-battle photos from private and public archives and the graphic personal accounts of those who took part, he describes the construction of Cavendish Road and the course of the entire operation that followed. The planning for the attack and the men involved are described in a gripping and clear-sighted way, as is the attack itself its initial rapid success and its ultimate failure. Eighty years later Jeffrey Plowman reveals exactly what happened and shows how and why this bold thrust against the German strongpoints at Monte Cassino, which could have turned the course of the battle, ended in retreat. His book also features a visitors guide that covers the length of Cavendish Road from the village of Caira to Massa Albaneta, linking each spot with the events described in the narrative.