Moral Calculations
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Moral Calculations
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Author : Laszlo Mero
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Moral Calculations written by Laszlo Mero and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
Are people ever rational? Consider this: You auction off a one-dollar bill to the highest bidder, but you set the rules so that the second highest bidder also has to pay the amount of his last bid, even though he gets nothing. Would people ever enter such an auction? Not only do they, but according to Martin Shubik, the game's inventor, the average winning bid (for a dollar, remember) is $3.40. Many winners report that they bid so high only because their opponent "went completely crazy." This game lies at the intersection of three subjects of eternal fascination: human psychology, morality, and John von Neumann's game theory. Hungarian game-theorist Laszlo Mero introduces us to the basics of game theory, including such concepts as zero-sum games, Prisoner's Dilemma and the origins of altruism; shows how game theory is applicable to fields ranging from physics to politics; and explores the role of rational thinking in the context of many different kinds of thinking. This fascinating, urbane book will interest everyone who wonders what mathematics can tell us about the human condition.
Calculation And Morality
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Author : Caroline Oudin-Bastide
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-02
Calculation And Morality written by Caroline Oudin-Bastide and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Debates about whether to maintain or abolish slavery revolved around two key values: the morality of enslaving other human beings and the economic benefits and costs of slavery as compared to free labor. Various and conflicting arguments were presented by abolitionists, colonists, and administrators in slave-holding societies, all of whom used calculations about the relative cost and productivity of slavery to defend their own point of view in an impassioned debate. In Calculation and Morality, Caroline Oudin-Bastide and Philippe Steiner consider how economic calculations, estimations, and arguments informed the long debate over French slavery between 1771 and 1848. They show how calculation was introduced into moral debate and became a critical social object in regard both to its consistency and its manifest effects. To do so they trace a process in which phenomena were classified into groups, becoming a category, and then how metrics and calculations were used to analyze the possible effects of emancipating slaves in French colonies. Abolitionists sought to demonstrate that it was in the interest of slaveowners and/or the entire nation to employ free labour in the colonies, and to show the irrationality of the colonial and metropolitan defenders of servitude; their aim was to enlighten various parties as to their real interest, and how that real interest coincided with justice. In turn, colonists accused those opposed to slavery of being blinded by their own philanthropic principles and insisted on the rationality of the slave system as the only means of meeting the interests of everyone, including slaves, at least in the short and medium term. Oudin-Bastide and Steiner closely examine the positions and reasoning of such influential French thinkers as Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet, Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Baptiste Say, and Alexis de Tocqueville. In doing so they shed light on the interaction of moral precepts and econonomic calculations in a trenchant study in the history of ideas.
Ethics Morality And Human Nature
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Author : Hector Davidson
language : en
Publisher: Dedona Publishing
Release Date :
Ethics Morality And Human Nature written by Hector Davidson and has been published by Dedona Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Philosophy categories.
This is a bundle of the following books: - Aesthetics - Analytic Philosophy - Critical Theory - Cynicism - Determinism - Humanism - Idealism - Liberalism - Moral Philosophy - Naturalism - Nihilism - Parmenides - Phenomenology - Structuralism - Utilitarianism
Moral Principles And Social Values
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Author : Jennifer Trusted
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-20
Moral Principles And Social Values written by Jennifer Trusted and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-20 with Philosophy categories.
Originally published in 1987, this book discusses how matters of fact influence moral judgments and also how the judgments themselves influence facts. It demonstrates that ethics is a practical subject affecting our moral assessment of inter-personal behaviour and the conduct of public affairs. It is designed as in introduction to moral philosophy for first-year undergraduates and provides an excellent basis for further study as well as serving as a valuable background text for those whose primary interests are in law, politics, sociology, social history and education.
Moral Status
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Author : Mary Anne Warren
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 1997-11-13
Moral Status written by Mary Anne Warren and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-13 with Philosophy categories.
Mary Anne Warren explores a theoretical question which lies at the heart of practical ethics: what are the criteria for having moral status? In other words, what are the criteria for being an entity towards which people have moral obligations? Some philosophers maintain that there is one intrinsic property—for instance, life, sentience, humanity, or moral agency. Others believe that relational properties, such as belonging to a human community, are more important. In Part I of the book, Warren argues that no single property can serve as the sole criterion for moral status; instead, life, sentience, moral agency, and social and biotic relationships are all relevant, each in a different way. She presents seven basic principles, each focusing on a property that can, in combination with others, legitimately affect an agent's moral obligations towards entities of a given type. In Part II, these principles are applied in an examination of three controversial ethical issues: voluntary euthanasia, abortion
Global Ethics
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Author : Kimberly Hutchings
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-08-17
Global Ethics written by Kimberly Hutchings and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-17 with Philosophy categories.
This revised edition of Kimberly Hutchings’s best-selling textbook provides an accessible introduction to the field of Global Ethics for students of politics, international relations and globalization. It offers an overview and assessment of key perspectives in Global Ethics and their implications for substantive moral issues in global politics. These include the morality of state and non-state violence, the obligations of rich to poor in a globalizing world, and the scope and nature of international human rights. The second edition contains expanded coverage of pressing contemporary issues relating to migration, changes in the technologies of war, and the global environment. Hutchings’s excellent book helps non-specialist students to understand the assumptions underpinning different moral traditions, and enables them to formulate their own views on how to approach moral judgement and prescription – essential in a world which, though it is shared by all, possesses massive cultural differences and inequalities of power.
The Philosophy Of Society
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Author : Rodger Beehler
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-20
The Philosophy Of Society written by Rodger Beehler and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-20 with History categories.
The Philosophy of Society (1978) examines no less a weighty subject than human society. In fifteen essays, it analyses a series of fundamentally important questions about how human beings organise themselves.
Autonomous Vehicle Ethics
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Author : Ryan Jenkins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
Autonomous Vehicle Ethics written by Ryan Jenkins and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Philosophy categories.
This book represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that autonomous vehicles present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or "hybrid" traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the "Internet of Things"; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more.
Encyclopedia Of Applied Ethics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-01-10
Encyclopedia Of Applied Ethics written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-10 with Social Science categories.
The Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Second Edition, Four Volume Set addresses both the physiological and the psychological aspects of human behavior. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users - whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology - understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. The work is an all-encompassing reference providing a comprehensive and definitive review of the field. A broad and inclusive table of contents ensures detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. Several disciplines may be involved in applied ethics: one branch of applied ethics, for example, bioethics, is commonly explicated in terms of ethical, legal, social, and philosophical issues. Editor-in-Chief Ruth Chadwick has put together a group of leading contributors ranging from philosophers to practitioners in the particular fields in question, to academics from disciplines such as law and economics. The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media. Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article will features suggested readings pointing readers to additional sources for more information, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedia Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media
Contemporary Moral And Social Issues
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-04-15
Contemporary Moral And Social Issues written by and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-15 with Philosophy categories.
Contemporary Moral and Social Issues is a uniquely entertaining introduction that brings ethical thought to life. It makes innovative use of engaging, topically oriented original short fiction, together with classic and influential readings and editorial discussion as a means of helping students think philosophically about ethical theory and practical ethical problems. Introduces students to ethical theory and a range of practical moral issues through a combination of key primary texts, clear editorial commentary, and engaging, original fiction Includes discussion of topics such as world poverty, abortion, animals, the environment, and genetic engineering, containing “Facts and Factual Issues” for each topic to give students an up-to-date understanding of related factual issues. Uses immersive, original short works of fiction as a means to engage students to think philosophically about serious ethical issues Sample Course Framework available