Motivated Irrationality
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Motivated Irrationality
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Author : David Pears
language : en
Publisher: Burns & Oates
Release Date : 1998
Motivated Irrationality written by David Pears and has been published by Burns & Oates this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Philosophy categories.
Motivated Irrationality
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Author : David Francis Pears
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Motivated Irrationality written by David Francis Pears and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
Irrationality
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Author : Alfred R. Mele
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1992-09-24
Irrationality written by Alfred R. Mele and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-09-24 with Philosophy categories.
Although much human action serves as proof that irrational behavior is remarkably common, certain forms of irrationality--most notably, incontinent action and self-deception--pose such difficult theoretical problems that philosophers have rejected them as logically or psychologically impossible. Here, Mele shows that, and how, incontinent action and self-deception are indeed possible. Drawing upon recent experimental work in the psychology of action and inference, he advances naturalized explanations of akratic action and self-deception while resolving the paradoxes around which the philosophical literature revolves. In addition, he defends an account of self-control, argues that "strict" akratic action is an insurmountable obstacle for traditional belief-desire models of action-explanation, and explains how a considerably modified model accommodates action of this sort.
The Oxford Handbook Of Rationality
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Author : Alfred R. Mele
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-01-08
The Oxford Handbook Of Rationality written by Alfred R. Mele and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-08 with Philosophy categories.
Rationality has long been a central topic in philosophy, crossing standard divisions and categories. It continues to attract much attention in published research and teaching by philosophers as well as scholars in other disciplines, including economics, psychology, and law. The Oxford Handbook of Rationality is an indispensable reference to the current state of play in this vital and interdisciplinary area of study. Twenty-two newly commissioned chapters by a roster of distinguished philosophers provide an overview of the prominent views on rationality, with each author also developing a unique and distinctive argument.
Sigmund Freud
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Author : Richard Wollheim
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1981-03-23
Sigmund Freud written by Richard Wollheim and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-03-23 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
This intellectual biography of Freud presents a fresh and thorough analysis of the whole body of his writings. Each of these is studied in its context, and their chronology is shown to be of great importance. The author demonstrates how Freud's exploratory and sometimes hesitant efforts to explain all that he discovered of mental abnormality are to be properly understood only in light of his quest for a general theory of the mind. This reissue contains a new Preface by Professor Wollheim that takes account of recent critical work on Freud.
Bias
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Author : Thomas Kelly
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-11-06
Bias written by Thomas Kelly and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-06 with categories.
Bias seems to be everywhere. Biased media outlets decisively influence the political opinions and votes of millions of people. Discriminatory policies favor some racial groups over others. We tend to judge ourselves more favorably than our peers, and more favorably than the evidence warrants.But what is it, exactly, for a person or thing to be biased?In Bias: A Philosophical Study, Thomas Kelly explores a number of foundational questions about the nature of bias and our practices of attributing it. He develops a general framework for thinking about bias, the norm theoretic account, and shows how that framework illuminates much that we say andthink about bias in both everyday life and the sciences. He argues provocatively that both morality and rationality sometimes require us to be biased; that groups of people can be biased even if none of their members are; that we are often rationally required to believe that those who disagree withus are biased, even if we know absolutely nothing about why they believe as they do or about their psychologies; and that whether someone counts as biased is often a relative matter. He defends the possibility of what he calls 'biased knowing' and argues that the phenomenon has significantimplications for both philosophical methodology and scepticism.A central aim of the book is to expand the range of issues that have thus far been considered under the heading 'the philosophy of bias' by putting new theoretical questions on the table and proposing bold answers that can serve as starting points for future inquiry.
Projection And Realism In Hume S Philosophy
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Author : P. J. E. Kail
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2010-04-22
Projection And Realism In Hume S Philosophy written by P. J. E. Kail and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-22 with Philosophy categories.
In his writings, Hume talks of our 'gilding and staining' natural objects, and of the mind's propensity to 'spread itself' on the world. This has led commentators to use the metaphor of 'projection' in connection with his philosophy: Hume is held to have taught that causal power and self are projections, that God is a projection of our fear, and that value is a projection of sentiment. By considering what it is about Hume's writing that occasions this metaphor, P. J. E. Kail spells out its meaning, the role it plays in Hume's work, and examines how, if at all, what sounds 'projective' in Hume can be reconciled with what sounds 'realist'. In addition to offering some highly original readings of Hume's central ideas, Projection and Realism in Hume's Philosophy offers a detailed examination of the notion of projection and the problems it faces.
Advances In Experimental Philosophy Of Action
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Author : Paul Henne
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2023-04-20
Advances In Experimental Philosophy Of Action written by Paul Henne and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-20 with Philosophy categories.
What is self-control? Does a person need to be conscious to act? Are delusions always irrational? Questions such as these are fundamental for investigations into action and rationality, as well as how we assign responsibility for wrongdoing and assess clinical symptoms. Bridging the gap between philosophy and psychology, this interdisciplinary collection showcases how empirical research informs and enriches core questions in the philosophy of action. Exploring issues such as truth, moral judgement, agency, consciousness and cognitive control, chapters offer an overview of the current state of research, present new empirical findings and identify where future experimental work can further advance the frontier between philosophy and psychology. This is an essential resource for anyone looking to better understand how science and philosophy can meaningfully inform our knowledge of human agency.
David Hume And The Problem Of Other Minds
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Author : Anik Waldow
language : en
Publisher: A&C Black
Release Date : 2011-10-20
David Hume And The Problem Of Other Minds written by Anik Waldow and has been published by A&C Black this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-20 with Philosophy categories.
The problem of other minds has widely been considered as a special problem within the debate about scepticism. If one cannot be sure that there is a world existing independent ly of one's mind, how can we be sure that there are minds - minds which we cannot even experience the way we experience material objects? This book shows, through a detailed examination of David Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, that these concerns are unfounded. By focusing on Hume's discussion of sympathy - the ability to connect with the mental contents of other persons - Anik Waldow demonstrates that belief in other minds can be justified by the same means as belief in material objects. The book thus not only provides the first large-scale treatment of the function of the belief in other minds within the Treatise, thereby adding a new dimension to Hume's realism, but also serves as an invaluable guide to the complexity of the problem of other minds and its various responses in contemporary debate.
The Epistemic Innocence Of Irrational Beliefs
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Author : Lisa Bortolotti
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020-06-25
The Epistemic Innocence Of Irrational Beliefs written by Lisa Bortolotti and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-25 with Philosophy categories.
In an ideal world, our beliefs would satisfy norms of truth and rationality, as well as foster the acquisition, retention, and use of other relevant information. In reality, we have limited cognitive capacities and are subject to motivational biases on an everyday basis. We may also experience impairments in perception, memory, learning, and reasoning in the course of our lives. Such limitations and impairments give rise to distorted memory beliefs, confabulated explanations, and beliefs that are elaborated delusional, motivated delusional, or optimistically biased. In this book, Lisa Bortolotti argues that some irrational beliefs qualify as epistemically innocent, where, in some contexts, the adoption, maintenance, or reporting of the beliefs delivers significant epistemic benefits that could not be easily attained otherwise. Epistemic innocence does not imply that the epistemic benefits of the irrational belief outweigh its epistemic costs, yet it clarifies the relationship between the epistemic and psychological effects of irrational beliefs on agency. It is misleading to assume that epistemic rationality and psychological adaptiveness always go hand-in-hand, but also that there is a straight-forward trade-off between them. Rather, epistemic irrationality can lead to psychological adaptiveness, which in turn can support the attainment of epistemic goals. Recognising the circumstances in which irrational beliefs enhance or restore epistemic performance informs our mutual interactions and enables us to take measures to reduce their irrationality without undermining the conditions for epistemic success.