Motor Cortex Microcircuits Frontiers In Brain Microcircuits Series
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Motor Cortex Microcircuits Frontiers In Brain Microcircuits Series
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Author : Michael Brecht
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2015-01-05
Motor Cortex Microcircuits Frontiers In Brain Microcircuits Series written by Michael Brecht and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-05 with Brain categories.
How does the motor cortex enable mammals to generate accurate, complex, and purposeful movements? A cubic millimeter of motor cortex contains roughly ̃10̂5 cells, an amazing ̃4 Km of axons and ̃0.4 Km of dendrites, somehow wired together with ̃10̂9 synapses. Corticospinal neurons (a.k.a. Betz cells, upper motor neurons) are a key cell type, monosynaptically conveying the output of the cortical circuit to the spinal cord circuits and lower motor neurons. But corticospinal neurons are greatly outnumbered by all the other kinds of neurons in motor cortex, which presumably also contribute crucially to the computational operations carried out for planning, executing, and guiding actions. Determining the wiring patterns, the dynamics of signaling, and how these relate to movement at the level of specific excitatory and inhibitory cell types is critically important for a mechanistic understanding of the input-output organization of motor cortex. While there is a predictive microcircuit hypothesis that relates motor learning to the operation of the cerebellar cortex, we lack such a microcircuit understanding in motor cortex and we consider microcircuits as a central research topic in the field. This Research Topic covers any issues relating to the microcircuit-level analysis of motor cortex. Contributions are welcomed from neuroscientists at all levels of investigation, from in vivo physiology and imaging in humans and monkeys, to rodent models, in vitro anatomy, electrophysiology, electroanatomy, cellular imaging, molecular biology, disease models, computational modeling, and more.
Task Space Separation Principle
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Author : Paolo Tommasino
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-26
Task Space Separation Principle written by Paolo Tommasino and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book addresses two fundamental issues of motor control for both humans and robots: kinematic redundancy and the posture/movement problem. It blends traditional robotic constrained-optimal approaches with neuroscientific and evidence-based principles, proposing a “Task-space Separation Principle,” a novel scheme for planning both posture and movement in redundant manipulators. The proposed framework is first tested in simulation and then compared with experimental motor strategies displayed by humans during redundant pointing tasks. The book also shows how this model builds on and expands traditional formulations such as the Passive Motion Paradigm and the Equilibrium Point Theory. Lastly, breaking with the neuroscientific tradition of planar movements and linear(ized) kinematics, the theoretical formulation and experimental scenarios are set in the nonlinear space of 3D rotations which are essential for wrist motions, a somewhat neglected area despite its importance in daily tasks.
The Structure Dynamics And Function Of Neural Micro Circuits For Perception And Behavior
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Author : Yoshiyuki Kubota
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-05
The Structure Dynamics And Function Of Neural Micro Circuits For Perception And Behavior written by Yoshiyuki Kubota and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-05 with Science categories.
The Olivo Cerebellar System
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Author : Egidio D'Angelo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-04-29
The Olivo Cerebellar System written by Egidio D'Angelo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-29 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
During the last decades, investigations on the olivo-cerebellar system have attained a high level of sophistication, which led to redefinitions of several structural and functional properties of neurons, synapses, connections and circuits. Research has expanded and deepened in so many directions and so many theories and models have been proposed that an ensemble review of the matter is now needed. Yet, hot topics remain open and scientific discussion is very lively at several fronts. One major question, here as well as in other major brain circuits, is how single neurons and synaptic properties emerge at the network level and contribute to behavioural regulation via neuronal plasticity. Other major aspects that this Research Topic covers and discusses include the development and circuit organization of the olivo-cerebellar network, the established and recent theories of learning and motor control, and the emerging role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing. By touching on such varied and encompassing subjects, this Frontiers Special Topic aims to highlight the state of the art and stimulate future research. We hope that this unique collection of high-quality articles from experts in the field will provide scientists with a powerful basis of knowledge and inspiration to enucleate the major issues deserving further attention.
Why Have Cortical Layers What Is The Function Of Layering Do Neurons In Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers
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Author : Kathleen Rockland
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-12-21
Why Have Cortical Layers What Is The Function Of Layering Do Neurons In Cortex Integrate Information Across Different Layers written by Kathleen Rockland and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-21 with categories.
Neuroscience Computing Performance And Benchmarks Why It Matters To Neuroscience How Fast We Can Compute
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Author : Felix Schürmann
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-04-26
Neuroscience Computing Performance And Benchmarks Why It Matters To Neuroscience How Fast We Can Compute written by Felix Schürmann and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-26 with Science categories.
Proceedings Of The International School On Magnetic Resonance And Brain Function Xiii Workshop
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Author : Itamar Ronen
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-08-19
Proceedings Of The International School On Magnetic Resonance And Brain Function Xiii Workshop written by Itamar Ronen and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-19 with Science categories.
Augmentation Of Brain Function Facts Fiction And Controversy
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Author : Mikhail Lebedev
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-09-14
Augmentation Of Brain Function Facts Fiction And Controversy written by Mikhail Lebedev and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
Neural Mechanisms Of Perceptual Categorization As Precursors To Speech Perception
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Author : Einat Liebenthal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-05-03
Neural Mechanisms Of Perceptual Categorization As Precursors To Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-03 with categories.
Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
What Does Medial Frontal Cortex Signal During Behavior Insights From Behavioral Neurophysiology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-03-28
What Does Medial Frontal Cortex Signal During Behavior Insights From Behavioral Neurophysiology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-28 with Medical categories.
What does Medial Frontal Cortex Signal During Behavior? Insights from Behavioral Neurophysiology, Volume 158 addresses and highlights a question that has remained central to cognitive and systems neuroscience since its inception, namely, what does the medial frontal cortex do? With insights from 17 of the fields leading teams of scientists, this volume attempts to address this question covering several topics with chapters including What do single unit responses in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mean?, Social Processing by the Primate Medial Frontal Cortex, Medial frontal cortex and the temporal control of action, The midcingulate cortex and temporal integration, and more. Additional chapters cover The anterior cingulate cortex and event-based modulation of autonomic states, Integration of value and action in medial prefrontal neural systems, Secondary motor cortex: broadcasting and biasing animal's decisions through long-range circuits, The prefrontal cortex in social cognition, Representing task strategies in the medial prefrontal cortex, Prefrontal contributions to action control in rodents, From affective to cognitive processings: functional organization of the medial frontal cortex, and much more. - Comprises the perspectives of a diverse array of world-leading researchers in medial frontal cortex function - Provides the latest theoretical and data-based evidence for the function of medial frontal cortex - Presents the importance of systems-based neuroscience approaches to the understanding of medial frontal cortex function