Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities
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Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities
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Author : Gregory K. Ingram
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities written by Gregory K. Ingram and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Automobile ownership categories.
Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities
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Author : K. Gregory Ingram
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities written by K. Gregory Ingram and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
November 1997 Motorization grows in proportion to income at the national and urban level, as do paved roads at the national level; urban roads grow much more slowly than income. Using panel data from 50 countries and 35 urban areas (covering a wide range of country incomes), Ingram and Liu summarize trends in motorization and the provision of roads, and they examine the ratio of motor vehicles to roads in a production function framework at both national and urban levels. They find regularities very strong across countries and urban areas and over time. Among their sometimes surprising findings: * Economic development increases demand for transport, reliance on cars and trucks, and road provision. * Motorization expands at the same rate as per capita income, but the auto fleet expands more rapidly, and commercial vehicles less rapidly, than income. At early stages of motorization, commercial vehicles comprise a large share of the motor vehicle fleet. Passenger transport by automobile becomes more prominent as income grows. Both country and urban data show evidence of similar saturation levels for car and total motor vehicle ownership. * The presence of railways at the national level reduces commercial vehicle ownership but not car ownership, suggesting that rail is competitive for freight but not for passenger travel as incomes grow. * Nationally, road networks expand more slowly than incomes, but paved road networks expand at the same rate as incomes. Road provision appears to be quite responsive to demand nationally. * For specific urban areas, per capita road length is positively associated with national income level but changes little over time, showing that history or urban endowments matter. The annexation of surrounding developed area appears to play a big role in expanding urban road length. Urban areas average roughly 15 times more road length per unit area, and seven times more vehicles per kilometer of road, than countries Ñ and a saturation level exists for urban road length per unit of area. * Vehicles per kilometer of road are positively associated with income, with (proxies for) land prices, and with low gasoline prices. This paper-a joint product of the Research Advisory Staff and Transport, Water, and Urban Development Department-was presented at a conference on transport and regulation at Harvard University in September 1997.
Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities
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Author : Gregory K. Ingram
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Motorization And The Provision Of Roads In Countries And Cities written by Gregory K. Ingram and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Motorization grows in proportion to income at the national and urban level, as do paved roads at the national level; urban roads grow much more slowly than income. Using panel data from 50 countries and 35 urban areas (covering a wide range of country incomes), Ingram and Liu summarize trends in motorization and the provision of roads, and they examine the ratio of motor vehicles to roads in a production function framework at both national and urban levels. They find regularities very strong across countries and urban areas and over time.Among their sometimes surprising findings:deg; Economic development increases demand for transport, reliance on cars and trucks, and road provision.deg; Motorization expands at the same rate as per capita income, but the auto fleet expands more rapidly, and commercial vehicles less rapidly, than income. At early stages of motorization, commercial vehicles comprise a large share of the motor vehicle fleet. Passenger transport by automobile becomes more prominent as income grows. Both country and urban data show evidence of similar saturation levels for car and total motor vehicle ownership.deg; The presence of railways at the national level reduces commercial vehicle ownership but not car ownership, suggesting that rail is competitive for freight but not for passenger travel as incomes grow.deg; Nationally, road networks expand more slowly than incomes, but paved road networks expand at the same rate as incomes. Road provision appears to be quite responsive to demand nationally.deg; For specific urban areas, per capita road length is positively associated with national income level but changes little over time, showing that history or urban endowments matter. The annexation of surrounding developed area appears to play a big role in expanding urban road length. Urban areas average roughly 15 times more road length per unit area, and seven times more vehicles per kilometer of road, than countries N and a saturation level exists for urban road length per unit of area.deg; Vehicles per kilometer of road are positively associated with income, with (proxies for) land prices, and with low gasoline prices.This paper - a joint product of the Research Advisory Staff and Transport, Water, and Urban Development Department - was presented at a conference on transport and regulation at Harvard University in September 1997.
The World Bank Research Program 1998
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Author : World Bank Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The World Bank Research Program 1998 written by World Bank Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with 4Population Policies categories.
The four basic objectives of the World Bank's research program are:broadening understanding of development; assisting in developing research capacity in member countries; improving the Bank's capacity in advising members; and supporting all aspects of its own operations. The report is the annual compendium of current Bank research. The abstracts in this volume report on research projects within FY98, describing questions addressed , analytical methods used, findings to date, and policy implications. In addition, each abstract identifies the expected completion date and the research team, as well as any report or publication produced. The abstracts cover 193 research projects grouped under nine major headings, as follows:1) poverty and social welfare; 2) labor markets and education; 3) environmentally sustainable development; 4) infrastructure and urban development; 5) macroeconomics; 6) international economics; 7) domestic finance and capital markets; 8) transition economies; and 9) private sector development and public sector management. An appendix is included, listing reports and publications produced by Bank research with corresponding availability sources. Abstracts are indexed by the sponsoring unit.
Planning And Design For Sustainable Urban Mobility
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Author : Un-Habitat
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-30
Planning And Design For Sustainable Urban Mobility written by Un-Habitat and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-30 with Political Science categories.
Urban transport systems worldwide are faced by a multitude of challenges. Among the most visible of these are the traffic gridlocks experienced on city roads and highways all over the world. The prescribed solution to transport problems in most cities has thus been to build more infrastructures for cars, with a limited number of cities improving public transport systems in a sustainable manner. However, a number of challenges faced by urban transport systems – such as greenhouse gas emissions, noise and air pollution and road traffic accidents – do not necessarily get solved by the construction of new infrastructure. Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility argues that the development of sustainable urban transport systems requires a conceptual leap. The purpose of ‘transportation’ and ‘mobility’ is to gain access to destinations, activities, services and goods. Thus, access is the ultimate objective of transportation. As a result, urban planning and design should focus on how to bring people and places together, by creating cities that focus on accessibility, rather than simply increasing the length of urban transport infrastructure or increasing the movement of people or goods. Urban form and the functionality of the city are therefore a major focus of this report, which highlights the importance of integrated land-use and transport planning. This new report of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the world’s leading authority on urban issues, provides some thought-provoking insights and policy recommendations on how to plan and design sustainable urban mobility systems. The Global Report on Human Settlements is the most authoritative and up-to-date global assessment of human settlements conditions and trends. Preceding issues of the report have addressed such topics as Cities in a Globalizing World, The Challenge of Slums, Financing Urban Shelter, Enhancing Urban Safety and Security, Planning Sustainable Cities and Cities and Climate Change.
Essays In Transportation Economics And Policy
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Author : Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Essays In Transportation Economics And Policy written by Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This comprehensive survey of transportation economic policy pays homage to a classic work, Techniques of Transportation Planning, by renowned transportation scholar John R. Meyer. With contributions from leading economists in the field, it includes added emphasis on policy developments and analysis. The book covers the basic analytic methods used in transportation economics and policy analysis; focuses on the automobile, as both the mainstay of American transportation and the source of some of its most serious difficulties; covers key issues of urban public transportation; and analyzes the impact of regulation and deregulation on the U.S. airline, railroad, and trucking industries. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Alan A. Altshuler, Harvard University; Ronald R. Braeutigam, Northwestern University; Robert E. Gallamore, Union Pacific Railroad; Arnold M. Howitt, Harvard University; Gregory K. Ingram, The Wold Bank; John F. Kain, University of Texas at Dallas; Charles Lave, University of California, Irvine; Lester Lave, Carnegie Mellon University; Robert A. Leone, Boston University; Zhi Liu, The World Bank; Herbert Mohring, University of Minnesota; Steven A. Morrison, Northeastern University; Katherine M. O'Regan, Yale University; Don Pickrell, U.S. Department of Transportation; John M. Quigley, University of California, Berkeley; Ian Savage, Northwestern University; and Kenneth A. Small, University of California Irvine.
Journal Of Transport Economics And Policy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Journal Of Transport Economics And Policy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Communication and traffic categories.
Non Motorized Transport Integration Into Urban Transport Planning In Africa
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Author : Winnie V. Mitullah
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-07-14
Non Motorized Transport Integration Into Urban Transport Planning In Africa written by Winnie V. Mitullah and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-14 with Science categories.
What challenges do pedestrians and cyclists face in cities of the developing world? What opportunities do these cities have to provide for walking and cycling? Based on in-depth research conducted in Cape Town (South Africa), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya), this book explores these questions by presenting work on walking and cycling travel behaviour, the status of road safety in these cities, as well as an analysis of the infrastructure for walking and cycling, and the workings of the institutions responsible for planning for these modes. The book also presents case studies relating to particular opportunities and challenges, such as the development and evaluation of ‘walking bus’ interventions, and the opportunities micro-simulation of pedestrian interventions offers within a data-scarce environment. Non-motorized Transport Integration into Urban Transport Planning in Africa demonstrates that transport and urban planning remains situated in a logic of automobile-dependent transport planning and global city development. This logic of practice does not pay adequate attention to walking and cycling. It argues that a significant shift in both policy as well as political commitment is needed so as to prioritize walking and cycling as strategies for sustainable transport policy in urban Africa. This book will be a key text for practitioners and policy makers working in planning, transport policy and urban development in Africa, as well as students and scholars of African studies, development studies, urban geography, transport studies and sustainable development.
World Bank Research Program
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
World Bank Research Program written by World Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Economic assistance categories.
Enhancing Urban Safety And Security
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Author : United Nations Human Settlements Programme
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2007
Enhancing Urban Safety And Security written by United Nations Human Settlements Programme and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with City planning categories.
First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.