Movement Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific

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Movement Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific

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Author : Leena Riekkola
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Movement Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific written by Leena Riekkola and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Animal radio tracking categories.

Determining the distribution, movements and habitat use of animals is fundamental to understanding their ecology and the development of effective conservation measures. However, studying animals that migrate thousands of kilometres and inhabit remote and inaccessible areas is extremely difficult, especially in the marine environment. The Oceania humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population has been slow to recover from the effects of commercial whaling, and our understanding of what may influence this slow recovery has been limited by a lack of knowledge about the whales outside of their tropical breeding grounds. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the migratory movements, patterns of Antarctic feeding ground habitat use and energetics of Oceania humpback whales as they migrated from the South Pacific to the Southern Ocean. Satellite tags were deployed on 25 humpback whales on their southern migration past the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, in September and October 2015. Photo-identification and genetic data were collected to assign breeding ground origins and to determine the pregnancy rate and age-profile of the population. The whales’ migratory paths and behavioural states were investigated by applying a hierarchical state-space model to the satellite telemetry data. These data were used in linear mixed-effect models to elucidate ecological relationships between whale behaviour and the environment within the remote Southern Ocean feeding grounds. The tag data, and data from two whales tagged in east Australia, were also used to inform a bioenergetic model to estimate the relative energetic cost of different migratory routes and distances. The Kermadec Islands were an important aggregation point for Oceania’s humpback whales from a range of breeding grounds spanning ~3,500 km of ocean, almost the entire breeding ground range, as they migrated south to their Southern Ocean summer feeding grounds. The age profile of the whales (mean = 14 years) and a high (57%) pregnancy rate indicated a recovering population. The whales migrated to two key feeding areas, the Ross Sea and the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (~2,000 km apart), the choice of which was influenced by the presence of a calf, as mothers with calves migrated a shorter distance to the Ross Sea region. There were marked differences in the environmental features between the two areas (e.g. oceanic vs near continental shelf) and consequently the whales used these areas differently. Overall, time lagged ice-edge dynamics were identified as a key environmental feature influencing the whales’ foraging behaviour, along with season and sea surface height. Whales with the longest migration distance migrated the fastest (97 km/day vs71 km/day) and had the highest cost of transport, but this was offset by energy savings in terms of daily maintenance costs by using 11% fewer days to complete the migration, suggesting that migration distance alone is not a limiting factor to population recovery. Whilst there is no doubt that a complex set of variables is affecting the Oceania humpback whale population recovery, the findings of this thesis have improved our understanding of the whales and their movement ecology once they depart from their breeding grounds. Furthermore, understanding the movement patterns and habitat use of this large predator also improves our knowledge of the remote Southern Ocean ecosystem and the changes occurring within it as a result of climate change. With such a wide geographic longitudinal range of feeding grounds (~4,000 km span) behavioural plasticity may play a critical role in the whales’ ability to adapt to the environmental changes, therefore affecting the species’ future recovery. This work further highlights the value of bio-logging in providing opportunities to advance ecological research.

Spatial Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific

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Author : Rebecca Elizabeth Lindsay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Spatial Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific written by Rebecca Elizabeth Lindsay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Humpback whale categories.

Humpback Whales Of The South West Pacific

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Author : Glenn Edney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Humpback Whales Of The South West Pacific written by Glenn Edney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Humpback whale categories.

Whales In The South Pacific

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Author : New Zealand. Department of Conservation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007-01-01

Whales In The South Pacific written by New Zealand. Department of Conservation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Whales categories.

Ethology And Behavioral Ecology Of Mysticetes

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Author : Christopher W. Clark
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-07-02

Ethology And Behavioral Ecology Of Mysticetes written by Christopher W. Clark and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-02 with Science categories.

In this book, an international team of leading marine mammal scientists, with a remarkably diverse set of backgrounds and areas of expertise, lead you through a synthesis of current knowledge on baleen whales. Baleen whales are the largest animals ever to have lived on this planet. They also have the lowest and most intense voices on Earth, most likely evolved to take advantage of ocean acoustic transmission conditions so as to be detectable across ocean basins. Some baleen whales can live to be 150-200 years old. They migrate many thousands of kilometers between feeding and breeding areas. They produce songs and calls that serve as behavioral foundations for establishing, maintaining and expanding their cultural identities. To conclude that we know the behavioral limits of these large brained, long-lived animals would be naïve. As baleen whale scientists, we are still beginning to comprehend the enormous complexities and natural histories of these remarkable animals. Today, the fact that whales sing is known throughout much of the world. This awareness started 50 years ago with the publication and popularization of a collection of humpback song recordings that motivated research into baleen whale behavioral ethology. In this book’s chapters, a reader’s experiences will stretch from learning about baleen whale laryngeal anatomy associated with their different voices to learning about the vast ocean areas over which their voices can be heard and the emerging complexities of their culturally defined societies. These are accompanied by chapters on the fundamental ethological contexts of socializing, migrating, and foraging. Two common themes permeate the book. One theme highlights the phenomenal increase in scientific knowledge achieved through technological advancements. The other theme recognizes the impacts of human-made activities on ocean acoustic environments and the resultant influences on the health and survival of individual whales and their populations. Although the book is intentionally ambitious in its scope, as scientists, we fully recognize that baleen whale science is still in its infancy. Many profound revelations await discovery by cohorts of young, multi-talented explorers, some of whom are stretching their wings in this volume and some of whom are reading these scientific stories for the first time.

Whales In The South Pacific

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Author : Mark Shaw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Whales In The South Pacific written by Mark Shaw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.

The Foundations of Our Faith Workbook 2Student Edition

Movements Of Humpback Whales Marked In The South West Pacific Ocean 1952 To 1962

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Author : W. H. Dawbin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964*

Movements Of Humpback Whales Marked In The South West Pacific Ocean 1952 To 1962 written by W. H. Dawbin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964* with Humpback whale categories.

Issues In Ecosystem Ecology 2011 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09

Issues In Ecosystem Ecology 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Science categories.

Issues in Ecosystem Ecology / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Ecosystem Ecology. The editors have built Issues in Ecosystem Ecology: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Ecosystem Ecology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Ecosystem Ecology: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Distribution And Spatial Organization Of Groups Of Sperm Whales In Relation To Biological And Environmental Factors In The South Pacific

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Author : Nathalie Jaquet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Distribution And Spatial Organization Of Groups Of Sperm Whales In Relation To Biological And Environmental Factors In The South Pacific written by Nathalie Jaquet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Sperm whale categories.

Patterns Of Population Genetic Structure Among Australian And The South Pacific Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae

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Author : Natalie Tara Schmitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Patterns Of Population Genetic Structure Among Australian And The South Pacific Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae written by Natalie Tara Schmitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Humpback whale categories.

Humpback whales undertake long-distance seasonal migrations between low latitude winter breeding grounds and high latitude summer feeding grounds. Although arguably one of the best studied of all baleen whales, there remain some critical gaps in our understanding of their population structure, migratory movement and the mixing of putative populations on the feeding grounds. Addressing these uncertainties is important in the development of demographic models that reconstruct the historical trajectory of population decline and recovery following the cessation of commercial whaling. Utilising both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers, this thesis examines the population structure and distribution of humpback whales that migrate to separate winter breeding grounds along the north-western and north-eastern coasts of Australia, and their interaction with the endangered populations of the South Pacific. The project investigated three important gaps in knowledge: population structure among putative breeding populations, the mixing of breeding populations on high latitude Antarctic feeding grounds and evidence for sex-specific migration along the eastern Australian migratory corridor. The thesis also reports the discovery and utility of novel nuclear genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs). These markers hold promise for facilitating more effective multi-laboratory collaboration. Among the Australian putative populations, weak but significant differentiation was detected across ten microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control region sequences. This pattern of low level differentiation is emerging as a characteristic of Southern Hemisphere humpback whale populations indicating extensive movement at least historically, if not presently. As the first step towards assessing the mixing of Australian and endangered South Pacific humpback whale breeding populations on the Antarctic feeding grounds, a series of simulations were conducted to estimate the statistical power of both mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite data from these populations for a mixed-stock analysis (MSA). The results of these simulations confirmed that we can draw robust conclusions from our MSA of Antarctic feeding ground samples collected south of eastern Australia and New Zealand in 2010. Using combined mtDNA and microsatellite datasets revealed substantial contributions from both eastern Australia and New Caledonia, but not western Australia; strengthening emerging evidence that these Antarctic waters are utilized by humpback whales from both eastern Australia and the more vulnerable breeding population of New Caledonia, representing Oceania. There was no compelling evidence for sex-specific migration within the eastern Australian breeding population as indicated by the lack of significant differences detected in the patterns of haplotype sharing, haplotype frequency or haplotype differentiation between males and females. Instead, the significant differentiation revealed between the sexes at the nucleotide level for one sampling location and between sampling locations at the haplotype level suggests that humpback whale migration along eastern Australia may be more complex than previously thought. Increasing the statistical power of our genetic datasets through the addition of new informative markers, including the SNPs discovered in this project, and incorporating non-genetic data, will assist in future studies of the population genetic structure and dynamics of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales.