Spatial Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific
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Spatial Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific
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Author : Rebecca Elizabeth Lindsay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Spatial Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific written by Rebecca Elizabeth Lindsay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Humpback whale categories.
Movement Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific
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Author : Leena Riekkola
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Movement Ecology Of Humpback Whales In The South Pacific written by Leena Riekkola and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Animal radio tracking categories.
Determining the distribution, movements and habitat use of animals is fundamental to understanding their ecology and the development of effective conservation measures. However, studying animals that migrate thousands of kilometres and inhabit remote and inaccessible areas is extremely difficult, especially in the marine environment. The Oceania humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population has been slow to recover from the effects of commercial whaling, and our understanding of what may influence this slow recovery has been limited by a lack of knowledge about the whales outside of their tropical breeding grounds. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the migratory movements, patterns of Antarctic feeding ground habitat use and energetics of Oceania humpback whales as they migrated from the South Pacific to the Southern Ocean. Satellite tags were deployed on 25 humpback whales on their southern migration past the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, in September and October 2015. Photo-identification and genetic data were collected to assign breeding ground origins and to determine the pregnancy rate and age-profile of the population. The whales’ migratory paths and behavioural states were investigated by applying a hierarchical state-space model to the satellite telemetry data. These data were used in linear mixed-effect models to elucidate ecological relationships between whale behaviour and the environment within the remote Southern Ocean feeding grounds. The tag data, and data from two whales tagged in east Australia, were also used to inform a bioenergetic model to estimate the relative energetic cost of different migratory routes and distances. The Kermadec Islands were an important aggregation point for Oceania’s humpback whales from a range of breeding grounds spanning ~3,500 km of ocean, almost the entire breeding ground range, as they migrated south to their Southern Ocean summer feeding grounds. The age profile of the whales (mean = 14 years) and a high (57%) pregnancy rate indicated a recovering population. The whales migrated to two key feeding areas, the Ross Sea and the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (~2,000 km apart), the choice of which was influenced by the presence of a calf, as mothers with calves migrated a shorter distance to the Ross Sea region. There were marked differences in the environmental features between the two areas (e.g. oceanic vs near continental shelf) and consequently the whales used these areas differently. Overall, time lagged ice-edge dynamics were identified as a key environmental feature influencing the whales’ foraging behaviour, along with season and sea surface height. Whales with the longest migration distance migrated the fastest (97 km/day vs71 km/day) and had the highest cost of transport, but this was offset by energy savings in terms of daily maintenance costs by using 11% fewer days to complete the migration, suggesting that migration distance alone is not a limiting factor to population recovery. Whilst there is no doubt that a complex set of variables is affecting the Oceania humpback whale population recovery, the findings of this thesis have improved our understanding of the whales and their movement ecology once they depart from their breeding grounds. Furthermore, understanding the movement patterns and habitat use of this large predator also improves our knowledge of the remote Southern Ocean ecosystem and the changes occurring within it as a result of climate change. With such a wide geographic longitudinal range of feeding grounds (~4,000 km span) behavioural plasticity may play a critical role in the whales’ ability to adapt to the environmental changes, therefore affecting the species’ future recovery. This work further highlights the value of bio-logging in providing opportunities to advance ecological research.
Distribution And Spatial Organization Of Groups Of Sperm Whales In Relation To Biological And Environmental Factors In The South Pacific
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Author : Nathalie Jaquet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Distribution And Spatial Organization Of Groups Of Sperm Whales In Relation To Biological And Environmental Factors In The South Pacific written by Nathalie Jaquet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Sperm whale categories.
Spatial Ecology Of Humpback And Minke Whales Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula
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Author : Ari Seth Friedlaender
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Spatial Ecology Of Humpback And Minke Whales Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula written by Ari Seth Friedlaender and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Humpback whale categories.
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a biologically rich area supporting a persistent and large standing stock of Antarctic krill and predators, including baleen whales. Krill demography and survival is tied directly to physical forcing, and recruitment is profoundly influenced by climate variability. Based on known changes in sea ice conditions in the WAP, it is likely that krill population levels in the region are in jeopardy. Due to their dependence on a single prey item heavily influenced by physical forcing, the dynamics of krill predators, such as baleen whales, are tightly coupled with variation in krill availability. To date, however, few studies link the distribution of prey to the spatial ecology of baleen whales in this ecosystem. This dissertation aims to (1) elucidate spatially explicit relationships between baleen whales, environmental variables, and concurrent prey measurements using classification trees (CART), generalized additive models, and Mantel's tests, (2) test ecological hypotheses regarding how sympatric humpback and minke whales partition resources to avoid inter-specific competition using CART and generalized linear models, and (3) investigate trends in spatial relationships between baleen whales, the marginal ice edge, and krill abundance over a time series using zero-inflated Poisson regression models. I use whale sightings and environmental variables collected during long-term ecological research cruises off the WAP from 1993-2004, and Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Program (SO GLOBEC) cruises from 2001-2002. Using these approaches, the distribution and relative abundance of baleen whales in summer was most related to proximity to the ice edge and, secondly, to krill abundance. In fall, whales primarily target krill aggregations and then physical features which aggregate prey. I find evidence suggesting sympatric humpback and minke whales avoid interspecific competition through resource partitioning. Minkes associate with deeper krill patches, and smaller patches of differing sized krill than humpbacks. Across years, the relative abundance of whales relates to differences in the dominant size class of krill present. These findings can be valuable to organizations committed to conserving and managing whale populations, researchers interested in understanding predator-prey dynamics, and efforts to model effects of climate change and variability on the Antarctic marine ecosystem.
Humpback Whales Of The South West Pacific
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Author : Glenn Edney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Humpback Whales Of The South West Pacific written by Glenn Edney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Humpback whale categories.
Spatial Patterns In The Migratory Destinations Of Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae Encountered In Canadian Pacific Waters Based On Photo Identification Data And Ocean Basin Wide Collaboration
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Author : Christie McMillan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Spatial Patterns In The Migratory Destinations Of Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae Encountered In Canadian Pacific Waters Based On Photo Identification Data And Ocean Basin Wide Collaboration written by Christie McMillan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Humpback whale categories.
"Using photo-identification data from all known humpback whale wintering areas, we sought to determine spatial patterns in the migratory destinations of humpback whales encountered in Canadian Pacific waters"--Abstract.
Cologie Spatiale Des Baleines Bosse En Zone De Reproduction
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Author : Solène Derville
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Cologie Spatiale Des Baleines Bosse En Zone De Reproduction written by Solène Derville and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Understanding the social and environmental drivers of the distribution and movements of marine megafauna is essential to their conservation. Cetaceans are elusive and mobile species, whose management requires an improved understanding of habitat use patterns. This thesis is aimed at investigating the spatial ecology of an endangered population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the South Pacific Ocean. Using a multidisciplinary dataset collected between 1995 and 2018 in New Caledonia and Oceania, this thesis addressed three objectives, 1) investigate best practices to cetacean species distribution modeling, 2) acquire fundamental knowledge on the distribution, habitats and movements of humpback whales in Oceania breeding grounds, and 3) predict priority conservation areas and potential threats to humpback whales. Modeling the distribution of a migratory large whale from non-systematic visual survey and citizen science data provided valuable space-use predictions when uneven survey effort and statistical overfitting were specifically addressed. Generalized Additive Models were favored for their complexity trade-off, ecological interpretability and transferability. Models of habitat use revealed a preference for a diversity of shallow habitats (low island and atoll lagoons, barrier reef and high island slopes, banks and seamounts) spread over a relatively large thermal range over Oceania. Shallow seamounts and banks were identified as major breeding and nursing habitats and play a key role in the connectivity within and between populations. This unique and unexpected use of pelagic waters has important consequences for the spatial management of humpback whales. The predictions of present and future suitable humpback whale breeding habitats at multiples scales provide science-based evidence for priority conservation areas, and enable mitigation of threats from anthropogenic activities and climate change in the South Pacific.
Whales In The South Pacific
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Author : New Zealand. Department of Conservation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Whales In The South Pacific written by New Zealand. Department of Conservation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Whales categories.
Temporal And Spatial Segregation Of Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae Off The Big Island Of Hawaii
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Author : Mari Ann Smultea
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Temporal And Spatial Segregation Of Humpback Whales Megaptera Novaeangliae Off The Big Island Of Hawaii written by Mari Ann Smultea and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Humpback whale categories.
Whales In The South Pacific
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Author : Mark Shaw
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Whales In The South Pacific written by Mark Shaw and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
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