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Muslim Fortresses In The Levant

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Muslim Fortresses In The Levant

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Author : Kate Raphael
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-09-13

Muslim Fortresses In The Levant written by Kate Raphael and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-13 with Architecture categories.

During much of the twelfth century the Crusaders dominated the military scene in the Levant. The unification of Egypt and Syria by Saladin gradually changed the balance of power, which slowly begun to tilt in favour of the Muslims. This book examines the development and role of Muslim fortresses in the Levant at the time of the Crusaders and the Mongol invasion, situating the study within a broad historical, political and military context. Exploring the unification of Egypt with a large part of Syria and its effect on the balance of power in the region, Raphael gives a historical overview of the resulting military strategies and construction of fortresses. A detailed architectural analysis is based on a survey of four Ayyubid and eight Mamluk fortresses situated in what are today the modern states of Jordan, Israel, Southern Turkey and Egypt (the Sinai Peninsula). The author then explores the connection between strongholds or military architecture, and the development of siege warfare and technology, and examines the influence of architecture and methods of rule on the concept of defence and the development of fortifications. Drawing upon excavation reports, field surveys and contemporary Arabic sources, the book provides the Arabic architectural terminology and touches on the difficulties of reading the sources. Detailed maps of the fortresses in the region, the Mongol invasion routs, plans of sites and photographs assist the reader throughout the book, providing an important addition to existing literature in the areas of Medieval Archaeology, Medieval military history and Middle Eastern studies.

Muslim Fortresses In The Levant

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Author : Kate Raphael
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-09-13

Climate And Political Climate

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Author : Sarah Kate Raphael
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2013

Climate And Political Climate written by Sarah Kate Raphael and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with History categories.

The twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the Levant saw a substantial rise in the number of droughts. This coincided with some of the most violent tectonic activity the region had witnessed. Nature, however, could conjure other powerful disasters: swarms of locusts, armies of mice, scorching winds and thick dust storms. The data for this research is drawn from contemporary Arabic and Latin sources. The main aim is to try and determine the long and short-term repercussions of environmental, disasters on the political, military and social affairs in the Levant during the Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Did environmental disasters spur o binder conflict? This research: examines the most destructive disasters and gradual climate chances within broader historical context. Book jacket.

Muslim Military Architecture In Greater Syria

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Author : Hugh Kennedy
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2006-01-01

Muslim Military Architecture In Greater Syria written by Hugh Kennedy and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with History categories.

This book investigates the Muslim castles of greater Syria from c.700 to c.1700 from archaeological and historical perspectives.

Crusader Landscapes In The Medieval Levant

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: University of Wales Press
Release Date : 2016-08-20

Crusader Landscapes In The Medieval Levant written by and has been published by University of Wales Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-20 with History categories.

Written to celebrate the prestigious career of Professor Denys Pringle, this collection of articles produced by many of the leading archaeologists and historians in the field of crusades studies offers a compilation of pioneering scholarship on recent studies on the Latin East. The geographical breadth of topics discussed in each chapter reflects both Pringle’s international collaborations and research interests, and the wide development of scholarly interest in the subject. With a concentration on the areas corresponding to the crusader states during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the articles also offer research into the neighbouring areas of Cyprus, Anatolia, Greece and the West, and the legacy of the crusader period there, with results from recent archaeological fieldwork in the Middle East.

Popular Muslim Reactions To The Franks In The Levant 1097 1291

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Author : Alex Mallett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-23

Popular Muslim Reactions To The Franks In The Levant 1097 1291 written by Alex Mallett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-23 with History categories.

The issue of Muslim reactions to the Franks has been an important part of studies of both the Crusades and Islamic History, but rarely the main focus. This book examines the reactions of the Muslims of the Levant to the arrival and presence of the Franks in the crusading period, 1097-1291, focussing on those outside the politico-military and religious elites. It provides a thematic overview of the various ways in which these 'non-elites' of Muslim society, both inside and outside of the Latin states, reacted to the Franks, arguing that it was they, as much as the more famous Muslim rulers, who were initiators of resistance to the Franks. This study challenges existing views of the Muslim reaction to the crusaders as rather slow and demonstrates that jihad against the Franks started as soon as they arrived. It further demonstrates the difference between the concepts of jihad and of Counter-Crusade, and highlights two distinct phases in the jihad against the Franks: the 'unofficial jihad' - that which occurred before uniting of religious and political classes - and the 'official jihad' - which happened after and due to this unification, and which has formed the basis of modern discussions. Finally, the study also argues that the Muslim non-elites who encountered the Franks did not always resist them, but at various times either helped or were unresisting to them, thus focussing attention away from conflict and onto cooperation. In considering Muslim reactions to the Franks in the context of wider discourses, this study also highlights aspects of the nature of Islamic society in Egypt and Syria in the medieval period, particularly the non-elite section of society, which is often ignored. The main conclusions also shed light on discourses of collaboration and resistance which are currently focussed almost exclusively on the modern period or the medieval west.

Muslims And Crusaders

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Author : Niall Christie
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-27

Muslims And Crusaders written by Niall Christie and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-27 with History categories.

Muslims and Crusaders supplements and counterbalances the numerous books that tell the story of the crusading period from the European point of view, enabling readers to achieve a broader and more complete perspective on the period. It presents the Crusades from the perspective of those against whom they were waged, the Muslim peoples of the Levant. The book introduces the reader to the most significant issues that affected their responses to the European crusaders, and their descendants who would go on to live in the Latin Christian states that were created in the region. This book combines chronological narrative, discussion of important areas of scholarly enquiry and evidence from primary sources to give a well-rounded survey of the period. It considers not only the military meetings between Muslims and the Crusaders, but also the personal, political, diplomatic and trade interactions that took place between Muslims and Franks away from the battlefield. Through the use of a wide range of translated primary source documents, including chronicles, dynastic histories, religious and legal texts and poetry, the people of the time are able to speak to us in their own voices.

Medieval Muslim Historians And The Franks In The Levant

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Author : Alex Mallett
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2014-09-11

Medieval Muslim Historians And The Franks In The Levant written by Alex Mallett and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-11 with History categories.

In Medieval Muslim Historians and the Franks in the Levant seven leading scholars examine the historical writings of seven medieval Muslim historians whose works provide the core chronographical texts for reconstructing the events of the crusading period, 1097-1291. Each chapter examines the life of and influences on each historian, their overall writings, and their historical works related to the Crusades. Each historical text is examined for the current state of modern research, the sources and working method of the author, and its use and relevance for crusader studies and other fields of research. This volume will be of use to anyone studying the events of the Crusades, of Islamic History, or of Arabic Historiography in the medieval period. Contributors include: Frédéric Bauden, Niall Christie, Anne-Marie Eddé, Konrad Hirschler, Alex Mallett, and Françoise Micheau, Lutz Richter-Bernburg

The Crusader States And Their Neighbours

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Author : Nicholas Morton
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-04-24

The Crusader States And Their Neighbours written by Nicholas Morton and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-24 with History categories.

The Crusader States and their Neighbours explores the military history of the Medieval Near East, piecing together the fault-lines of conflict which entangled this much-contested region. This was an area where ethnic, religious, dynastic, and commercial interests collided and the causes of war could be numerous. Conflicts persisted for decades and were fought out between many groups including Kurds, Turks, Armenians, Arabs, and the crusaders themselves. Nicholas Morton recreates this world, exploring how each faction sought to advance its own interests by any means possible, adapting its warcraft to better respond to the threats posed by their rivals. Strategies and tactics employed by the pastoral societies of the Central Asian Steppe were pitted against the armies of the agricultural societies of Western Christendom, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, galvanising commanders to adapt their practices in response to their foes. Today, we are generally encouraged to think of this era as a time of religious conflict, and yet this vastly over-simplifies a complex region where violence could take place for many reasons and peoples of different faiths could easily find themselves fighting side-by-side.

Crusader Castles And Modern Histories

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Author : Ronnie Ellenblum
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-01-04

Crusader Castles And Modern Histories written by Ronnie Ellenblum and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-04 with History categories.

For the last 150 years the historiography of the Crusades has been dominated by nationalist and colonialist discourses in Europe and the Levant. These modern histories have interpreted the Crusades in terms of dichotomous camps, Frankish and Muslim. In this revisionist study, Ronnie Ellenblum presents an interpretation of Crusader historiography that instead defines military and architectural relations between the Franks, local Christians, Muslims and Turks in terms of continuous dialogue and mutual influence. Through close analysis of siege tactics, defensive strategies and the structure and distribution of Crusader castles, Ellenblum relates patterns of crusader settlement to their environment and demonstrates the influence of opposing cultures on tactics and fortifications. He argues that fortifications were often built according to economic and geographic considerations rather than for strategic reasons or to protect illusory 'frontiers', and that Crusader castles are the most evident expression of a cultural dialogue between east and west.

Muslim Fortresses In The Levant

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