Mutual Hierarchy
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Hierarchy And Interdependence In Multi Level Structures
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Author : Tamara Kovziridze
language : en
Publisher: ASP / VUBPRESS / UPA
Release Date : 2008
Hierarchy And Interdependence In Multi Level Structures written by Tamara Kovziridze and has been published by ASP / VUBPRESS / UPA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Political Science categories.
"This book analyses the relationship between federalism and European integration, and in this context examines the impact of Europeanization on the three EU member states that are constitutionally federal: Belgium, Germany and Austria. The author chooses two theoretical concepts - hierarchy and interdependence - to characterize certain institutional and structural features of federal states. Her comparative analysis shows that European integration does have an impact on federalism and that it is leading to growing institutional interdependence between the levels of governance in all three states."--Back cover.
Hierarchy In International Law The Place Of Human Rights
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Author : Erika De Wet
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2012-02-16
Hierarchy In International Law The Place Of Human Rights written by Erika De Wet and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-16 with Law categories.
This book takes an inductive approach to the question of whether there is a hierarchy in international law, with human rights obligations trumping other duties. It assesses the extent to which such a hierarchy can be said to exist through an analysis of the case law of national courts. Each chapter of the book examines domestic case law on an issue where human rights obligations conflict with another international law requirement, to see whether national courts gave precedence to human rights. If this is shown to be the case, it would lend support to the argument that the international legal order is moving toward a vertical legal system, with human rights at its apex. In resolving conflicts between human rights obligations and other areas of international law, the practice of judicial bodies, both domestic and international, is crucial. Judicial practice indicates that norm conflicts typically manifest themselves in situations where human rights obligations are at odds with other international obligations, such as immunities; extradition and refoulement; trade and investment law; and environmental protection. This book sets out and analyses the relevant case law in all of these areas.
Hierarchy And Dynamics In Neural Networks
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Author : Rolf Kötter
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2012-01-01
Hierarchy And Dynamics In Neural Networks written by Rolf Kötter and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with categories.
Hierarchy is a central feature in the organisation of complex biological systems and particularly the structure and function of neural networks. While other aspects of brain connectivity such as regionalisation, modularity or motif composition have been discussed elsewhere, no detailed analysis has been presented so far on the role of hierarchy and its connection to brain dynamics. Recent discussions among many of our colleagues have shown an increasing interest in hierarchy (of spatial, temporal and dynamic features), and this is an emerging key question in neuroscience as well as generally in the field of network science, due to its links with concepts of control, efficiency and development across scales (e.g. Hilgetag et al. Science, 1996; Ravasz et al. Science, 2002; Bassett et al. PNAS, 2006; Mueller-Linow et al. PLoS Comp. Biol., in press). The proposed Research Topic will address recent findings from a theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following four headings: 1) Topology: Detecting and characterizing network hierarchy; 2) Experiments: Neural dynamics across hierarchical scales; 3) Dynamics: Activity spread, oscillations, and synchronization in hierarchical networks; 4) Dynamics: Stable functioning and information processing in hierarchical networks.
Reasoning
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Author : Anthony Simon Laden
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-05-31
Reasoning written by Anthony Simon Laden and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-31 with Philosophy categories.
Thinking about reasoning suffers from a failure of vision. Philosophers, social scientists, and others who discuss and analyze reasoning have a particular activity in view: reasoning to figure things out, solve problems, and reach judgments. But there is a different activity we engage in that we call reasoning. We reason in the course of living together, when we are responsive to those with whom we live and neither commanding nor deferring to them, neither manipulating nor ignoring them. Analysis of this second kind of activity has relied on the tools and frameworks developed to make sense of the first kind of activity. In this book, Anthony Simon Laden invites his readers to approach this activity of reasoning on its own terms. He claims that if we are to truly see and appreciate the role and value of reasoning in living together, we need a new, social picture of the activity of reasoning. According to the social picture of reasoning developed here, reasoning is a species of conversation, and like casual conversation is social and ongoing. It is neither defined nor determined by its end, although it is governed by a set of characteristic norms. It consists of inviting others to accept that our words can speak for them as well. Reasoning: A Social Picture proposes an attractive new approach to thinking about how to live together, reasonably.
Hierarchical Organization In Society
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Author : James Pooler
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-22
Hierarchical Organization In Society written by James Pooler and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Social Science categories.
This title was first publiished in 2000: A hierarchy is an organization system that is structured in a treelike manner, with levels of status or authority stacked one above the other. The classical and best known example of a hierarchy is probably the typical diagram that describes the structure of a company or business, also known as the corporate ladder. This text argues that hierarchies are one of the most important concepts we have in order to understand the world around us, and looks at hierarchies in a wide variety of areas of interest to everybody, such as companies, educational systems, transport systems, retail stores, corporations, communities, population migrations, medical systems, and many other real-world phenomena. From a Canadian perspective, the text examines these hierarchies and their effects at a variety of scales. It discusses how to understand the system around us and the ones in which we are immersed every day. The central theme is that it is possible to get a better grip on the past, present and future of the world, if it is viewed through an understanding of hierarchies.
Design Models For Hierarchical Organizations
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Author : Richard M. Burton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Design Models For Hierarchical Organizations written by Richard M. Burton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Design Models for Hierarchical Organizations: Computation, Information, and Decentralization provides state-of-the-art research on organizational design models, and in particular on mathematical models. Each chapter views the organization as an information processing entity. Thus, mathematical models are used to examine information flow and decision procedures, which in turn, form the basis for evaluating organization designs. Each chapters stands alone as a contribution to organization design and the modeling approach to design. Moreover, the chapters fit together and that totality gives us a good understanding of where we are with this approach to organizational design issues and where we should focus our research efforts in the future.
Text Generation
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Author : Kathleen McKeown
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1992-06-26
Text Generation written by Kathleen McKeown and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-06-26 with Computers categories.
Kathleen McKeown explores natural language text and presents a formal analysis of problems in a computer program, TEXT.
Managing Complex Networks
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Author : Walter J M Kickert
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1997-06-28
Managing Complex Networks written by Walter J M Kickert and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06-28 with Political Science categories.
Although the concept of policy networks is now well-established in the field, most research has to content itself with description and analysis of their contribution to policy failure. This book goes further. It accepts policy networks as a fundamental characteristic of modern societies and presents an overview of the strategies for the management of these networks, as well as illustrating the various strategies for intervention.
Mind Materiality And History
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Author : Christina Toren
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-08-15
Mind Materiality And History written by Christina Toren and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-15 with Psychology categories.
Mind, Materiality and History has direct relevance to current debates on the nature of mind and consciousness, and demonstrates the centrality of the study of children to social analysis.
The Traffic In Hierarchy
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Author : Ward Keeler
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2017-09-30
The Traffic In Hierarchy written by Ward Keeler and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-30 with Social Science categories.
Until its recent political thaw, Burma was closed to most foreign researchers, and fieldwork-based research was rare. In The Traffic in Hierarchy, one of the few such works to appear in recent years, author Ward Keeler combines close ethnographic attention to life in a Buddhist monastery with a broad analysis of Burman gender ideology. The result is a thought-provoking analysis of Burmese social relations both within and beyond a monastery’s walls. Keeler shows that the roles individuals choose in Burman society entail inevitable trade-offs in privileges and prestige. A man who becomes a monk gives up some social opportunities but takes on others and gains great respect. Alternatively, a man can become a head of household. Or he can choose to take on a feminine gender identity—to the derision of many but not necessarily his social exclusion. A woman, by contrast, is expected to concern herself with her relations with family and kin. Any interest she might show in becoming a nun arouses ambivalent reactions: although it fulfills Buddhist teachings, it contravenes assumptions about a woman’s proper role. In Burma, hierarchical understandings condition all relationships, but hierarchy implies relations of exchange, not simply inequality, and everyone takes on subordinate roles in their bonds with some, and superordinate ones with others. Knowing where power lies and how to relate to it appropriately is key. It may mean choosing at times to resist power, but more often it involves exercising care as to whom one wishes to subordinate oneself, in what ways, and on what terms. Melding reflections on the work of theorists such as Dumont, Anderson, Warner, and Kapferer with close attention to the details of Burman social interaction, Keeler balances theoretical insights and ethnographic observation to produce a rich and challenging read. The conundrum at the heart of this book—whether to opt for autonomy, the Buddhist seeking of detachment, or for attachment, the desire for close bonds with others—is one that all humans, not just Burmans, must confront, and it is one that admits of no final resolution.