Natural And Artificial Reasoning
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Artificial Intelligence Anthropogenic Nature Vs Social Origin
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Author : Elena G. Popkova
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-02-23
Artificial Intelligence Anthropogenic Nature Vs Social Origin written by Elena G. Popkova and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents advanced research studies on the topic of artificial intelligence as a component of social and economic relations and processes. It gathers research papers from the International Research-to-Practice Conference “The 21st Century from the Positions of Modern Science: Intellectual, Digital and Innovative Aspects” (May 23–24, 2019, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) and the International Research-to-Practice Conference “Economics of Pleasure: a Science of Enjoying Economic Activities” (October 3–5, 2019, Prague, Czech Republic). Both conferences were organized by the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Institute of Scientific Communications” (Volgograd). What sets this book apart from other publications on the topic of artificial intelligence is that it approaches AI not as a technological tool, but as an economic entity. Bringing together papers by representatives of various fields of social and human knowledge, it systematically reflects on various economic, social, and legal aspects of the creation, application, and development of artificial intelligence. Given the multidisciplinary nature of its content, the book will appeal to a broad target audience, including those engaged in developing AI (scientific research institutes and universities), and Industry 4.0 enterprises interested in its implementation, as well as state regulators for the digital economy.
From Natural To Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Ricardo López-Ruiz
language : en
Publisher: Intechopen
Release Date : 2018
From Natural To Artificial Intelligence written by Ricardo López-Ruiz and has been published by Intechopen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Computers categories.
We define Etherealware as the concept of implementing the functionality of an algorithm by means of the clocking scheme of a cellular automaton (CA). We show, which functions can be implemented in this way, and by which CAs.
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : John H. Holland
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992-04-29
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-29 with Psychology categories.
Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.
Natural And Artificial Reasoning
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Author : Tom Addis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-20
Natural And Artificial Reasoning written by Tom Addis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-20 with Computers categories.
What are the limitations of computer models and why do we still not have working models of people that are recognizably human? This is the principle puzzle explored in this book where ideas behind systems that behave intelligently are described and different philosophical issues are touched upon. The key to human behavior is taken to be intelligence and the ability to reason about the world. A strong scientific approach is taken, but first it was required to understand what a scientific approach could mean in the context of both natural and artificial systems. A theory of intelligence is proposed that can be tested and developed in the light of experimental results. The book illustrates that intelligence is much more than just behavior confined to a unique person or a single computer program within a fixed time frame. Some answers are unraveled and some puzzles emerge from these investigations and experiments. Natural and Artificial Reasoning provides a few steps of an exciting journey that began many centuries ago with the word ‘why?’
Regulating Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Thomas Wischmeyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-29
Regulating Artificial Intelligence written by Thomas Wischmeyer and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-29 with Law categories.
This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.
Introduction To Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Wolfgang Ertel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-18
Introduction To Artificial Intelligence written by Wolfgang Ertel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Computers categories.
This accessible and engaging textbook presents a concise introduction to the exciting field of artificial intelligence (AI). The broad-ranging discussion covers the key subdisciplines within the field, describing practical algorithms and concrete applications in the areas of agents, logic, search, reasoning under uncertainty, machine learning, neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Fully revised and updated, this much-anticipated second edition also includes new material on deep learning. Topics and features: presents an application-focused and hands-on approach to learning, with supplementary teaching resources provided at an associated website; contains numerous study exercises and solutions, highlighted examples, definitions, theorems, and illustrative cartoons; includes chapters on predicate logic, PROLOG, heuristic search, probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and data mining, neural networks and reinforcement learning; reports on developments in deep learning, including applications of neural networks to generate creative content such as text, music and art (NEW); examines performance evaluation of clustering algorithms, and presents two practical examples explaining Bayes’ theorem and its relevance in everyday life (NEW); discusses search algorithms, analyzing the cycle check, explaining route planning for car navigation systems, and introducing Monte Carlo Tree Search (NEW); includes a section in the introduction on AI and society, discussing the implications of AI on topics such as employment and transportation (NEW). Ideal for foundation courses or modules on AI, this easy-to-read textbook offers an excellent overview of the field for students of computer science and other technical disciplines, requiring no more than a high-school level of knowledge of mathematics to understand the material.
Swarm Intelligence
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Author : Eric Bonabeau
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1999-09-23
Swarm Intelligence written by Eric Bonabeau and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09-23 with Computers categories.
Social insects--ants, bees, termites, and wasps--can be viewed as powerful problem-solving systems with sophisticated collective intelligence. Composed of simple interacting agents, this intelligence lies in the networks of interactions among individuals and between individuals and the environment. A fascinating subject, social insects are also a powerful metaphor for artificial intelligence, and the problems they solve--finding food, dividing labor among nestmates, building nests, responding to external challenges--have important counterparts in engineering and computer science. This book provides a detailed look at models of social insect behavior and how to apply these models in the design of complex systems. The book shows how these models replace an emphasis on control, preprogramming, and centralization with designs featuring autonomy, emergence, and distributed functioning. These designs are proving immensely flexible and robust, able to adapt quickly to changing environments and to continue functioning even when individual elements fail. In particular, these designs are an exciting approach to the tremendous growth of complexity in software and information. Swarm Intelligence draws on up-to-date research from biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, robotics, operations research, and computer graphics, and each chapter is organized around a particular biological example, which is then used to develop an algorithm, a multiagent system, or a group of robots. The book will be an invaluable resource for a broad range of disciplines.
New Essays On The Nature Of Legal Reasoning
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Author : Mark McBride
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-05-19
New Essays On The Nature Of Legal Reasoning written by Mark McBride and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-19 with Law categories.
This is the first book to bring together distinguished jurisprudential theorists, as well as up-and-coming scholars, to critically assess the nature of legal reasoning. The volume is divided into 3 parts: The first part, General Jurisprudence and Legal Reasoning, addresses issues at the intersection of general jurisprudence - those pertaining to the nature of law itself - and legal reasoning. The second part, Rules and Reasons, addresses two concepts central to two prominent types of theory of legal reasoning. The essays in the third and final part, Doctrine and Practice, delve into the mechanics of legal practice and doctrine, from a legal reasoning perspective.
Responsible Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Virginia Dignum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-04
Responsible Artificial Intelligence written by Virginia Dignum and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-04 with Computers categories.
In this book, the author examines the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence systems as they integrate and replace traditional social structures in new sociocognitive-technological environments. She discusses issues related to the integrity of researchers, technologists, and manufacturers as they design, construct, use, and manage artificially intelligent systems; formalisms for reasoning about moral decisions as part of the behavior of artificial autonomous systems such as agents and robots; and design methodologies for social agents based on societal, moral, and legal values. Throughout the book the author discusses related work, conscious of both classical, philosophical treatments of ethical issues and the implications in modern, algorithmic systems, and she combines regular references and footnotes with suggestions for further reading. This short overview is suitable for undergraduate students, in both technical and non-technical courses, and for interested and concerned researchers, practitioners, and citizens.
The Nature Of Reasoning
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Author : Jacqueline P. Leighton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-11-03
The Nature Of Reasoning written by Jacqueline P. Leighton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-03 with Psychology categories.
Reasoning to the mind is like breathing to the lungs. We are constantly doing it, but rarely take notice. If it fails, however, we are paralyzed. Imagine being unable to infer conclusions from a conversation or being unable to reach a solution to an important life problem. This book focuses on how people draw conclusions from information and discusses the roles that the brain, our memory, and our knowledge play in drawing conclusions in everyday life.