Natural Artificial
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The Reality Of The Artificial
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Author : Massimo Negrotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-05
The Reality Of The Artificial written by Massimo Negrotti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-05 with Computers categories.
The human ambition to reproduce and improve natural objects and processes has a long history, and ranges from dreams to actual design, from Icarus’s wings to modern robotics and bioengineering. This imperative seems to be linked not only to practical utility but also to our deepest psychology. Nevertheless, reproducing something natural is not an easy enterprise, and the actual replication of a natural object or process by means of some technology is impossible. In this book the author uses the term naturoid to designate any real artifact arising from our attempts to reproduce natural instances. He concentrates on activities that involve the reproduction of something existing in nature, and whose reproduction, through construction strategies which differ from natural ones, we consider to be useful, appealing or interesting. The development of naturoids may be viewed as a distinct class of technological activity, and the concept should be useful for methodological research into establishing the common rules, potentialities and constraints that characterize the human effort to reproduce natural objects. The author shows that a naturoid is always the result of a reduction of the complexity of natural objects, due to an unavoidable multiple selection strategy. Nevertheless, the reproduction process implies that naturoids take on their own new complexity, resulting in a transfiguration of the natural exemplars and their performances, and leading to a true innovation explosion. While the core performances of contemporary naturoids improve, paradoxically the more a naturoid develops the further it moves away from its natural counterpart. Therefore, naturoids will more and more affect our relationships with advanced technologies and with nature, but in ways quite beyond our predictive capabilities. The book will be of interest to design scholars and researchers of technology, cultural studies, anthropology and the sociology of science and technology.
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : John H. Holland
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992-04-29
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04-29 with Psychology categories.
Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.
Natural And Artificial Flavoring Agents And Food Dyes
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Author : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-09-15
Natural And Artificial Flavoring Agents And Food Dyes written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Natural and Artificial Flavoring Agents and Dyes, Volume 7 in the Handbook of Food Bioengineering series, examines the use of natural vs. artificial food dyes and flavors, highlighting some of the newest production and purification methods. This solid resource explores the most recent trends and benefits of using natural agents over artificial in the production of foods and beverages. Using the newest technologies and evidence-based research methods, the book demonstrates how natural flavoring agents and dyes can be produced by plants, microorganisms and animals to produce higher quality foods that are more economical and safe to the consumer. Explores the most common natural compounds and how to utilize them with cutting edge technologies Includes information on the purification and production processes under various conditions Presents the latest research to show benefits of using natural additives
Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : Gianluca Baldassarre
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-29
Intrinsically Motivated Learning In Natural And Artificial Systems written by Gianluca Baldassarre and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-29 with Computers categories.
It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.
The Natural And Artificial Right Of Property Contrasted
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Author : Thomas Hodgskin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1832
The Natural And Artificial Right Of Property Contrasted written by Thomas Hodgskin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1832 with Right of property categories.
Natural And Artificial Reasoning
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Author : Tom Addis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-20
Natural And Artificial Reasoning written by Tom Addis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-20 with Computers categories.
What are the limitations of computer models and why do we still not have working models of people that are recognizably human? This is the principle puzzle explored in this book where ideas behind systems that behave intelligently are described and different philosophical issues are touched upon. The key to human behavior is taken to be intelligence and the ability to reason about the world. A strong scientific approach is taken, but first it was required to understand what a scientific approach could mean in the context of both natural and artificial systems. A theory of intelligence is proposed that can be tested and developed in the light of experimental results. The book illustrates that intelligence is much more than just behavior confined to a unique person or a single computer program within a fixed time frame. Some answers are unraveled and some puzzles emerge from these investigations and experiments. Natural and Artificial Reasoning provides a few steps of an exciting journey that began many centuries ago with the word ‘why?’
Artificial Nature Architecture
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Author : Luis de Garrido
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Artificial Nature Architecture written by Luis de Garrido and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Architecture categories.
Luis de Garrido is pioneering a new architectural concept: Artificial Nature. An artificial eco-system incorporating manmade artefacts and buildings with its own rules and which evolves alongside the natural eco-system.
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : John Henry Holland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by John Henry Holland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Adaptation (Biology) categories.
Perspectives On Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems
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Author : Lashon Booker
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-02-24
Perspectives On Adaptation In Natural And Artificial Systems written by Lashon Booker and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-02-24 with Computers categories.
This book is a collection of essays exploring adaptive systems from many perspectives, ranging from computational applications to models of adaptation in living and social systems. The essays on computation discuss history, theory, applications, and possible threats of adaptive and evolving computations systems. The modeling chapters cover topics such as evolution in microbial populations, the evolution of cooperation, and how ideas about evolution relate to economics. The title Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems honors John Holland, whose 1975 Book, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems has become a classic text for many disciplines in which adaptation play a central role. The essays brought together here were originally written to honor John Holland, and span most of the different areas touched by his wide-ranging and influential research career. The authors include some of the most prominent scientists in the fields of artificial intelligence evolutionary computation, and complex adaptive systems. Taken together, these essays present a broad modern picture of current research on adaptation as it relates to computers, living systems, society, and their complex interactions.
Natural And Artificial Intelligence
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Author : A. de Callataÿ
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-06-28
Natural And Artificial Intelligence written by A. de Callataÿ and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-28 with Computers categories.
How does the mind work? How is data stored in the brain? How does the mental world connect with the physical world? The hybrid system developed in this book shows a radically new view on the brain. Briefly, in this model memory remains permanent by changing the homeostasis rebuilding the neuronal organelles. These transformations are approximately abstracted as all-or-none operations. Thus the computer-like neural systems become plausible biological models. This illustrated book shows how artificial animals with such brains learn invariant methods of behavior control from their repeated actions. These robots can make decisions in any circumstances and reason by analogy whenever possible.This new and expanded edition includes a prologue exploring the problems which have stopped the development of fully fledged brain models. The causes of these deadlocks are listed as potential misconceptions about brain principles, neural networks, nervous systems, robotics, programming and decision logic.