Natural Ethical Facts
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Natural Ethical Facts
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Author : William D. Casebeer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Natural Ethical Facts written by William D. Casebeer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Connectionism categories.
Naturalizing ethics has been a problematic philosophic enterprise. The author attempts a synoptic reconciliation of the sciences with a naturalized conception of morality, beginning with a Quinean refutation of the "naturalistic fallacy" and the "open question argument." We can improve our understanding of the nature of moral theory and its place in moral judgment by treating morality as a natural phenomenon subject to constraints from and ultimately reduced to the cognitive and biological sciences. Treating morality as a mafter of proper biological function, partially fixed by our evolutionary history, and with an emphasis on skillful action in the world ("know how"), sheds light on the underlying native connectionist architecture of moral cognition. The author discusses practical implications, regarding the nature and form of our collective character development institutions and our methods for moral reasoning, that arise from this approach, reaffirming Deweyian and Aristotelian points about the importance of sociability, friendship, and liberal democratic forms of social organization for human flourishing.
Natural Ethical Facts
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Author : William D. Casebeer
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Books
Release Date : 2005
Natural Ethical Facts written by William D. Casebeer and has been published by Bradford Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Philosophy categories.
An original and comprehensive theory of a naturalized ethic using conceptual tools from cognitive science and evolutionary biology.
Moral Discourse And Moral Facts
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Author : Cornell Horn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Moral Discourse And Moral Facts written by Cornell Horn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
Many people, to include those in government, believe that what they deem is ethical is based on natural or physical facts. Any greater power may assume justifiability when making moral judgements against another on the presumption that the opposing other missed observing natural facts. Since moral disagreement is far more obvious, real, and apparently a natural aspect of the world, the nature of moral discourse and moral facts had to be examined against ethical naturalism. I only hope that I have shed some light for why dialectical reasoning and ridding chauvinism is so important. - Cornell Horn
Ethical Naturalism
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Author : Susana Nuccetelli
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-12-08
Ethical Naturalism written by Susana Nuccetelli and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-08 with Philosophy categories.
Ethical naturalism is narrowly construed as the doctrine that there are moral properties and facts, at least some of which are natural properties and facts. Perhaps owing to its having faced, early on, intuitively forceful objections by eliminativists and non-naturalists, ethical naturalism has only recently become a central player in the debates about the status of moral properties and facts which have occupied philosophers over the last century. It has now become a driving force in those debates, one with sufficient resources to challenge not only eliminativism, especially in its various non-cognitivist forms, but also the most sophisticated versions of non-naturalism. This volume brings together twelve new essays which make it clear that, in light of recent developments in analytic philosophy and the social sciences, there are novel grounds for reassessing the doctrines at stake in these debates.
Nature And Ethics Across Geographical Rhetorical And Human Borders
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Author : Katharine Dow
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-10-23
Nature And Ethics Across Geographical Rhetorical And Human Borders written by Katharine Dow and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-23 with Social Science categories.
How we dispose of our rubbish, choose the foods we buy, enjoy art, relate to our families, and think about ourselves are just a few of the ways that ideas about nature shape our everyday ethical decisions. Nature and ‘natural facts’ have long been used to make sense of why we act a certain way. Nature is a concept with great power: when we describe something as ‘natural’ or ‘unnatural’, it has a moral force and political consequences. We see this in moral panics about genetically modified foods, the spread of government-enforced waste recycling schemes, concerns about assisted reproductive technologies. Our ideas about what is natural shape our ethical thinking, in terms of how people live (or want to live) their lives, but also in guiding our sense of morality, justice and truth. The idea of naturalness is essential to grasping Anglo-American cultures. Throughout history and in different places, nature has had different forms, meanings, and moral valences. It is a knowable fact, but at the same time almost a divine principle that is ultimately unfathomable. Yet with the rise of new technologies, there is increasing uncertainty about what we claim to be natural, who we are, how we are related to each other, and how we should live. This book examines the how ideas about nature and ethics overlap and separate across cultural, species, geographic, and moral boundaries. It compares the varied ways in which nature and ideas of naturalness pervade all aspects of people’s lives, from family relationships, to the production and consumption of food, to ideas about scientific truth. In a world of increasing uncertainty, nature remains a powerful concept: the ultimate reference point, invested with profound moral authority to guide our ethical behaviour. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnos.
Ethics
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Author : Wilhelm Wundt
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
Release Date : 2006-06-01
Ethics written by Wilhelm Wundt and has been published by Cosimo, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-01 with Philosophy categories.
The sacrificial meal... has assumed the most varied forms, largely as a result of the secularisation of its ends. We have it, e.g., in the 'celebration' dinner held in joyful remembrance of important family occurrences, or of important public events. We have it, again, in a form peculiar to modern civilization, in the public banquet, where it serves as the material basis for the prosecution of municipal, political or professional interests. -from "The Individual Forms of Life: Food" One of the founding fathers of the modern-day disciplines of experimental and cognitive psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, in this extraordinary work, examines the concept of ethics as a cornerstone of metaphysics, as the basis for an understanding of the universe as a whole. Translated from the second German edition of 1892, here we see all aspects of human behavior and culture-from how we eat to how, and who, we worship-as an interconnected whole, including: . "good" and "bad" . the immoral elements of myth . the gods as moral ideals . the anthropomorphic nature-myth . moral laws as religious commands . the relation of custom to law and morality . polite manners and personal deportment . the family and the tribal union . the feeling of community in nation and state . the invention of tools . the idea of civilization . and much more. OF INTEREST TO: students of psychology, readers of comparative mythology AUTHOR BIO: German psychologist WILHELM MAXIMILIAN WUNDT (1832-1920) was professor of philosophy at the University of Leipzig. He wrote numerous articles and books in the field of psychology, including the foundational Principles of Physiological Psychology (1874).
Moral Virtue And Nature
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Author : Stephen R. Brown
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2008-04-10
Moral Virtue And Nature written by Stephen R. Brown and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-10 with Philosophy categories.
What make someone a good human being? Is there an objective answer to this question, an answer that can be given in naturalistic terms? For ages philosophers have attempted to develop some sort of naturalistic ethics. Against ethical naturalism, however, notable philosophers have contended that such projects are impossible, due to the existence of some sort of 'gap' between facts and values. Others have suggested that teleology, upon which many forms of ethical naturalism depend, is an outdated metaphysical concept. This book argues that a good human being is one who has those traits the possession of which enables someone to achieve those ends natural to beings like us. Thus, the answer to the question of what makes a good human being is given in terms both objective and naturalistic. The author shows that neither 'is-ought' gaps, nor objections concerning teleology pose insurmountable problems for naturalistic virtue ethics. This work is a much needed contribution to the ongoing debate about ethical theory and ethical virtue.
Ethical Naturalism
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Author : John Kemp
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave
Release Date : 1970
Ethical Naturalism written by John Kemp and has been published by Palgrave this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Philosophy categories.
“This monograph is concerned with the ethical theories of two of the most influential thinkers in the history of British philosophy, namely Hobbes and Hume. The author offers a clear and comprehensive exposition of their thought and subjects it to critical assessment from the point of view of contemporary analytical philosophy. The issues with which this book deals are of abiding interest and form the subject matter of lively debate amongst modern moral philosophers. When we say that some action is morally right, or that some state of affairs is morally good, what precisely do we mean? Can any adequate definition of moral rightness or goodness be given in non-moral terms? Could we, for example, substitute for morally right some such expression as ‘commanded by the sovereign power’; or could we, without loss or change of meaning, replace ‘This is morally good’ with some such description as ‘This causes a feeling of satisfaction in those who contemplate it’? Ethical naturalists think that the answer is in the affirmative, although they differ in the naturalistic definitions which they give to moral terms. Their opponents accuse them of being insensitive to the logically irreducible character of moral language.Readers will find that this book provides a valuable introduction to ethical naturalism, in both its classic and contemporary settings, and it will enable them to form their own judgement upon the crucial questions involved.”- Publisher
What Is This Thing Called Metaethics
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Author : Matthew Chrisman
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-06-20
What Is This Thing Called Metaethics written by Matthew Chrisman and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-20 with Philosophy categories.
What makes something morally right? Where do our ethical standards come from? Are they relative to cultures or timeless and universal? Are there any objective moral facts? What is goodness? If there are moral facts, how do we learn about them? What do we mean when we say someone ought to do something? These are all questions in metaethics, the branch of ethics that investigates the status of morality, the nature of ethical value, the possibility of ethical knowledge, and the meaning of ethical statements. To the uninitiated it can appear abstract and far removed from its two more concrete cousins, ethical theory and applied ethics, yet it is one of the fastest-growing and most exciting areas of ethics. What is this thing called Metaethics? demystifies this important subject and is ideal for students coming to it for the first time. Beginning with a brief overview of metaethics and the development of a "conceptual toolkit," Matthew Chrisman introduces and assesses the following key topics: ethical reality: including questions about naturalism and non-naturalism, moral facts, and the distinction between realism and antirealism ethical language: does language represent reality? What mental states are expressed by moral statements? moral psychology: the theory of motivation and the connection between moral judgement and motivation moral knowledge: intuitionist and coherentist moral epistemologies, and theories of objectivity and relativism in metaethics prominent metaethical theories: naturalism, nonnaturalism, error-theory, and expressivism new directions in metaethics, including non-traditional theories, thick ethical concepts, and extensions to metaepistemology and metanormative theory The Second Edition has been completely revised and updated throughout. This includes a new thematic organization of the core chapters, many new examples, a newly written final chapter including discussion of thick ethical concepts and all-things-considered normativity, updated references to recent scholarly literature, improved learning resources, an expanded glossary of terms, and much more. Additional features such as chapter summaries, questions of understanding, and suggestions for further reading make What is this thing called Metaethics? an ideal introduction to metaethics.
Evolutionary Intuitionism
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Author : Brian Zamulinski
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2007
Evolutionary Intuitionism written by Brian Zamulinski and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Philosophy categories.
Evolutionary Intuitionism presents a new evolutionary theory of human morality. Zamulinski explains the evolution of foundational attitudes, whose relationships to acts constitute moral facts. With foundational attitudes and the resulting moral facts in place, he shows how they ground a plausible normative morality, give answers to meta-ethical questions, and provide an account of moral motivation. He explains the nature of moral intuitions and, thus, of our access to the moral facts. He shows that the theory makes confirmed empirical predictions, including the observable variation in moral views. The combination of intuitionism and evolutionary ethics enables Zamulinski to overcome the standard objections to both.