Natural Fullerenes And Related Structures Of Elemental Carbon
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Natural Fullerenes And Related Structures Of Elemental Carbon
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Author : Frans J.M. Rietmeijer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-01-31
Natural Fullerenes And Related Structures Of Elemental Carbon written by Frans J.M. Rietmeijer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-31 with Science categories.
Observational, experimental and analytical data show that C60, larger fullerenes, and related structures of elemental carbon exist in interstellar space, meteorites, and on Earth and are associated with meteorite in impact events and in carbon-rich environments such as coals (shungite) and bitumen. The existence of natural fullerenes is at best contested and incompletely documented; realistically it is still controversial. Their presence in astronomical environments can be experimentally constrained but observationally they remain elusive. Fullerenes formation in planetary environments is poorly understood. They survived for giga-years when the environmental conditions were exactly right but even then only a fraction of their original abundance survived. Natural fullerenes and related carbon structures are found in interstellar space, in carbonaceous meteorites associated with giant meteorite impacts (including at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) as well as in soot, coal and natural bitumen. This book provides an up-to-date summary of the state of knowledge on natural fullerenes occurrences and the laboratory techniques used to determine their presence at low concentration in rock samples. It demonstrates that natural fullerenes exist and should be searched for in places not yet considered such as carbon-containing deep-seated crustal rocks. Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon is written for professional astronomers, meteoriticists, earth and planetary scientists, biologists and chemists interested in carbon and hydrocarbon vapor condensation. It is an invaluable resource for practicing research scientists and science teachers in Earth and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Carbon Science.
Encyclopedia Of Astrobiology
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Author : Muriel Gargaud
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-07-27
Encyclopedia Of Astrobiology written by Muriel Gargaud and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-27 with Science categories.
Now in its third edition the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology serves as the key to a common understanding in the extremely interdisciplinary community of astrobiologists. Each new or experienced researcher and graduate student in adjacent fields of astrobiology will appreciate this reference work in the quest to understand the big picture. The carefully selected group of active researchers contributing to this work are aiming to give a comprehensive international perspective on and to accelerate the interdisciplinary advance of astrobiology. The interdisciplinary field of astrobiology constitutes a joint arena where provocative discoveries are coalescing concerning, e.g. the prevalence of exoplanets, the diversity and hardiness of life, and its chances for emergence. Biologists, astrophysicists, (bio)-chemists, geoscientists and space scientists share this exciting mission of revealing the origin and commonality of life in the Universe. With its overview articles and its definitions the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology not only provides a common language and understanding for the members of the different disciplines but also serves for educating a new generation of young astrobiologists who are no longer separated by the jargon of individual scientific disciplines. This new edition offers ~170 new entries. More than half of the existing entries were updated, expanded or supplemented with figures supporting the understanding of the text. Especially in the fields of astrochemistry and terrestrial extremophiles but also in exoplanets and space sciences in general there is a huge body of new results that have been taken into account in this new edition. Because the entries in the Encyclopedia are in alphabetical order without regard for scientific field, this edition includes a section “Astrobiology by Discipline” which lists the entries by scientific field and subfield. This should be particularly helpful to those enquiring about astrobiology, as it illustrates the broad and detailed nature of the field.
From Stars To Brains Milestones In The Planetary Evolution Of Life And Intelligence
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Author : Andrew Y. Glikson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-18
From Stars To Brains Milestones In The Planetary Evolution Of Life And Intelligence written by Andrew Y. Glikson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-18 with Science categories.
The permutation of basic atoms—nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and phosphorus―into the biomolecules DNA and RNA, subsequently evolved in cells and brains, defining the origin of life and intelligence, remains unexplained. Equally the origin of the genetic information and the intertwined nature of ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ involved in the evolution of bio-molecules and the cells are shrouded in mystery. This treatise aims at exploring individual and swarm behaviour patterns which potentially hint at as yet unknown biological principles. It reviews theories of evolution with perspectives from the earth sciences, commencing with the earliest observed records of life. This is followed by reviews and discussion of the building blocks of life, marine and terrestrial communities, the arthropods, birds and finally humans. It is suggested that, further to the mutation/natural selection processes established by Darwin and Wallace, an understanding of the evolution of intelligence remains little understood. A directionality of evolutionary trajectories is evident, not least the purposeful thinking process of humans as well as animals. It is not clear how directional intelligence, manifested for example by the collective intelligence of arthropod colonies, has evolved from mutation/natural selection processes. Potential clues for the understanding of life and evolution are provided by Aristotle’s dictum of “the whole being greater than the sum of the parts”, Niels Bohr’s principle of quantum complementarity and George Ellis’ theory of top-down causality. Inherent in the question of the origin of life is an anthropocentric bias, related to the self-referential Anthropic Principle and theological paradigms of man’s supposed dominion over all other species. The Anthropic Principle, however, should be capable of being circumvented using the scientific falsification method, assuming universal verified constants of physics. The phenomenonof the human mastery of fire and the splitting of the atom, leading to the seventh major mass extinction of species, remains incomprehensible.
Nature S Nanostructures
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Author : Amanda S. Barnard
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-02-02
Nature S Nanostructures written by Amanda S. Barnard and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-02 with Science categories.
Natural nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are all around us, which inevitably leads to these questions: What are these natural nanomaterials made of? Where can we find them? What can they do? Answering these questions will facilitate new and environmentally friendly ways of creating and manipulating nanoscale materials for the next generation of n
Recent Trends In Chemistry And Futuristic Catalysts
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Author : Dr. Azad Kumar
language : en
Publisher: THNAUJ INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS
Release Date : 2022-11-26
Recent Trends In Chemistry And Futuristic Catalysts written by Dr. Azad Kumar and has been published by THNAUJ INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-26 with Antiques & Collectibles categories.
This book includes a wide variety of topics that represent the diversity of current chemistry and catalysis developments. It features cutting-edge research from some of the world's smartest and most well-known experts. Contributions vary from creative uses of current approaches to new methods to help readers comprehend. Catalysis is a not often used expression in everyday life, but it plays a major role in our existence. Only the catalytic activity of enzymes allows the human body to function. In addition, the synthesis of ammonia fertiliser is a significant achievement in the realm of catalysis with significant societal implications. Catalysts have gotten a lot of interest because they can be used to make sustainable energy, fuels, and value-added compounds. This book examines some of the underlying challenges surrounding various developments in new catalytic systems and designs, as well as their applications. The book provides an overview about the greatness that lies in the recent progress in chemistry.
Periodic Nanostructures
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Author : Mircea V. Diudea
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-23
Periodic Nanostructures written by Mircea V. Diudea and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
These tiny structures could offer architectural designs for the cities of the future. The authors explore the foam-like carbon structures, which relate to ‘schwarzites’ and which are infinite periodic minimal surfaces of negative curvature. They show that the periodicity of close repeat units of such structures is evident not only in these formations but also in all of the carbon allotropes. The text provides literature and data on the field of nanostructure periodicity and the authors’ own results on nanostructure building and energy calculations.
Nanostructured Materials
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Author : T. Daniel Thangadurai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-27
Nanostructured Materials written by T. Daniel Thangadurai and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses the early stages of the development of nanostructures, including synthesis techniques, growth mechanisms, the physics and chemistry of nanostructured materials, various innovative characterization techniques, the need for functionalization and different functionalization methods as well as the various properties of nanostructured materials. It focuses on the applications of nanostructured materials, such as mechanical applications, nanoelectronics and microelectronic devices, nano-optics, nanophotonics and nano-optoelectronics, as well as piezoelectric, agriculture, biomedical and, environmental remediation applications, and anti-microbial and antibacterial properties. Further, it includes a chapter on nanomaterial research developments, highlighting work on the life-cycle analysis of nanostructured materials and toxicity aspects.
Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Of Complex Aromatics In Meteorites Asphaltenes And Interstellar Ice Analogs
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Author : Matthew Robert Hammond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Of Complex Aromatics In Meteorites Asphaltenes And Interstellar Ice Analogs written by Matthew Robert Hammond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Purification Of Laboratory Chemicals
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Author : W.L.F. Armarego
language : en
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Release Date : 2017-03-14
Purification Of Laboratory Chemicals written by W.L.F. Armarego and has been published by Butterworth-Heinemann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-14 with Science categories.
Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, Eighth Edition, tabulates methods taken from literature for purifying thousands of individual commercially available chemicals. To help in applying this information, the more common processes currently used for purification in chemical laboratories and new methods are discussed. For dealing with substances not separately listed, a chapter is included setting out the usual methods for purifying specific classes of compounds. - Features empirical formulae inserted for every entry - References all important applications of each substance - Updates and confirms the accuracy of all CAS registry numbers, molecular weights, original reference, and physical data - Provides increased coverage of the latest commercial chemical products, including pharmaceutical chemicals, updated safety and hazard material, and expanded coverage of laboratory and work practices and purification methods
Carbon Allotropes Metal Complex Chemistry Properties And Applications
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Author : Boris Ildusovich Kharisov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-02
Carbon Allotropes Metal Complex Chemistry Properties And Applications written by Boris Ildusovich Kharisov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a detailed description of metal-complex functionalized carbon allotrope forms, including classic (such as graphite), rare (such as M- or T-carbon), and nanoforms (such as carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, etc.). Filling a void in the nanotechnology literature, the book presents chapters generalizing the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of all known carbon allotropes. Metal-complex composites of carbons are described, along with several examples of their preparation and characterization, soluble metal-complex carbon composites, cost-benefit data, metal complexes as precursors of carbon allotropes, and applications. A lab manual on the synthesis and characterization of carbon allotropes and their metal-complex composites is included. Provides a complete description of all carbon allotropes, both classic and rare, as well as carbon nanostructures and their metal-complex composites; Contains a laboratory manual of experiments on the synthesis and characterization of metal-complex carbon composites; Discusses applications in diverse fields, such as catalysis on supporting materials, water treatment, sensors, drug delivery, and devices.