Natural Resource Abundance Growth And Diversification In The Middle East And North Africa
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Natural Resource Abundance Growth And Diversification In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Ndiame' Diop
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-10-01
Natural Resource Abundance Growth And Diversification In The Middle East And North Africa written by Ndiame' Diop and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
MENA holds more than 60% of oil and nearly 50% of gas reserves, making its economy very vulnerable to price fluctuations. This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of policies on achieving higher and sustained growth through economic diversification.
Reducing Natural Resource Dependency For Economic Growth In Resource Rich Countries
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Author : Goran M. Muhamad
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-07-21
Reducing Natural Resource Dependency For Economic Growth In Resource Rich Countries written by Goran M. Muhamad and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This book examines the reduction of natural resource revenue dependency in resource-rich countries. Such countries experience lower economic growth due to factors of high volatility in commodity prices, reduction in accountability, undermining of the competitiveness of other economic sectors, and weak power of institutions. The analysis is based on an identified gap in the literature regarding how private sector development and public sector development affect the degree of dependency on resource revenue in natural resource-rich countries. This book studies the interaction between private and public sector development with dependency on natural resources, specifically exploring whether the two diversified factors lead to a decrease in the degree of dependency, which is important for economic growth and to overcome the "resource curse". Economic diversification is viewed as a long-term solution to the high economic dependency from natural resources. Private sector development and public sector reforms may lead to this diversification. The analysis of the book helps to shed light on private sector development, public services sector privatization, and a taxation system to diversify sources of income, with the objective to reduce dependency on natural resources extraction. This book is an invaluable read for public policymakers, the public and private sectors, law makers, and scholars of developmental studies.
Diversified Development
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Author : Indermit S. Gill
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-02-26
Diversified Development written by Indermit S. Gill and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Eurasian economies have to become efficient more productive, job-creating, and stable. But efficiency is not the same as diversification. Governments need to worry less about the composition of exports and production and more about asset portfolios natural resources, built capital, and economic institutions.
Challenges Of Growth And Globalization In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mr.Hamid R Davoodi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-09-05
Challenges Of Growth And Globalization In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mr.Hamid R Davoodi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-05 with Business & Economics categories.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an economically diverse region. Despite undertaking economic reforms in many countries, and having considerable success in avoiding crises and achieving macroeconomic stability, the region’s economic performance in the past 30 years has been below potential. This paper takes stock of the region’s relatively weak performance, explores the reasons for this out come, and proposes an agenda for urgent reforms.
Natural Resources And Economic Development
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Author : Edward B. Barbier
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-09-19
Natural Resources And Economic Development written by Edward B. Barbier and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-19 with Business & Economics categories.
The second edition of this landmark book explores how natural resources contribute to development in poor economies.
Resource Abundance And Economic Development
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Author : Richard M. Auty
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
Release Date : 2004
Resource Abundance And Economic Development written by Richard M. Auty and has been published by Oxford University Press on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the 1960s the per capita incomes of the resource-poor countries have grown significantly faster than those of the resource-abundant countries. In fact, in recent years economic growth has been inversely proportional to the share of natural resource rents in GDP, so that the small mineral-driven economies have performed least well and the oil-driven economies worst of all. Yet the mineral-driven resource-rich economies have high growth potential because the mineral exports boost their capacity to invest and to import. "Resource Abundance and Economic Development" explains the disappointing performance of resource-abundant countries by extending the growth accounting framework to include natural and social capital. The resulting synthesis identifies two contrasting development trajectories: the competitive industrialization of the resource-poor countries and the staple trap of many resource-abundant countries. The resource-poor countries are less prone to policy failurethan the resource-abundant countries because social pressures force the political state to align its interests with the majority poor and follow relatively prudent policies. Resource-abundant countries are more likely to engender political states in which vested interests vie to capture resource surpluses (rents) at the expense of policy coherence. A longer dependence on primary product exports also delays industrialization, heightens income inequality, and retards skill accumulation. Fears of'Dutch disease' encourage efforts to force industrialization through trade policy to protect infant industry. The resulting slow-maturing manufacturing sector demands transfers from the primary sector that outstrip the natural resource rents and sap the competitiveness of the economy. The chapters in this collection draw upon historical analysis and models to show that a growth collapse is not the inevitable outcome of resource abundance and that policy counts. Malaysia, a rare example ofsuccessful resource-abundant development, is contrasted with Ghana, Bolivia, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Argentina, which all experienced a growth collapse. The book also explores policies for reviving collapsed economies with reference to Costa Rica, South Africa, Russia and Central Asia. It demonstrates the importance of initial conditions to successful economic reform.
Regional Economic Integration In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mustapha Rouis
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Regional Economic Integration In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mustapha Rouis and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This book summarizes the constraints to and opportunities for deepening economic integration within the MENA region and beyond. Trade and investment reform are discussed together with physical connectivity, cross-border trade facilitation, infrastructure networks, and the vital role of logistics.
Algeria
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-12-11
Algeria written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This Selected Issues paper discusses the need to meet Algeria’s fiscal challenges. Although Algeria enjoys substantial fiscal savings, fiscal policy is currently on an unsustainable path. Under current projections, Algeria will deplete its financial savings in the long term, leaving future generations worse off. To restore fiscal sustainability and ensure intergenerational equity, Algeria will need to undertake significant and sustained fiscal consolidation in the coming years. Successful fiscal consolidation will depend on both mobilizing more revenues and rationalizing expenditures. If done right, fiscal consolidation can restore sustainability while minimizing the impact on economic growth and enhancing equity.
Champions Wanted
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Author : Mélise Jaud
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2015-04-21
Champions Wanted written by Mélise Jaud and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-21 with Business & Economics categories.
While other emerging regions were thriving, MENA's aggregate export performance over the past two decades has been consistently weak. Using detailed firm-level export data from Customs administrations, this report explains why. One central finding is that the size distribution of MENA's exporting firms is suggestive of a critical weakness at the top. With the exception of the top firm, MENA's elite exporters are smaller and weaker compared to their peers in other regions. The largest exporter is alone at the top-Zidane without a team. MENA countries have failed to nurture a group of export superstars which critically contribute to export success in other regions. Part of the reason behind weak export performance is the lack of a competitive real exchange rate. The deleterious effects of an uncompetitive currency can be traced all the way down to the firm, hurting expansion at the intensive and extensive margin and preventing the emergence of export take-offs. The lack of heavy weight exporters at the top of the distribution also reflects the region's failure to push for trade and business climate reforms energetically. Finally, MENA's prevalent cronyism and corruption under pre-Arab Spring regimes (at least) confirms that business-government ties led to distortionary allocation of favors and rent dissipation by beneficiary firms, with little evidence that those firms developed into national champions or helped lift the region's export performance. The possibility of state capture in itself should call for caution when advocating any form of government intervention. In contrast, some interventions, like export promotion programs show effects on small exporters. However, because these firms are marginal in trade, such programs cannot be game changers. More broadly, the success of MENA countries in promoting export growth and diversification as well as generating jobs depends heavily on their ability to create an environment where large firms can invest and expand exports and new, efficient firms can rise to the top.
Russia In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Chiara Lovotti
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-04-14
Russia In The Middle East And North Africa written by Chiara Lovotti and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-14 with Political Science categories.
After decades of intense interest and rivalry with the USA, the end of the Cold War and the dismantling of the USSR officially marked a period of significant retreat of Russia from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). However, with Russia’s economic recovery and the entrenchment of President Vladimir Putin, Russia’s interest in the region has risen anew. Once again seen as a battleground to contest US hegemony, Russia has expanded its political, military and (to a lesser extent) economic relationships across the region. Most apparent in the military intervention in Syria, Russia has also been engaged with traditional rivals Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, stepping into the vacuum left by the US Obama Administration. Is Russia’s reengagement part of a strategy, or is it mere opportunism? Authors with different backgrounds, experiences and origins examine this question via an analysis of the historical drivers of Russian interest in the MENA region and the factors underlying current Russian policies.