Nature The Artful Modeler
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Nature The Artful Modeler
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Author : Nancy Cartwright
language : en
Publisher: Open Court Publishing
Release Date : 2019-05-07
Nature The Artful Modeler written by Nancy Cartwright and has been published by Open Court Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-07 with Philosophy categories.
How fixed are the happenings in Nature and how are they fixed? These lectures address what our scientific successes at predicting and manipulating the world around us suggest in answer. One—very orthodox—account teaches that the sciences offer general truths that we combine with local facts to derive our expectations about what will happen, either naturally or when we build a device to design, be it a laser, a washing machine, an anti-malarial bed net, or an auction for the airwaves. In these three 2017 Carus Lectures Nancy Cartwright offers a different picture, one in which neither we, nor Nature, have such nice rules to go by. Getting real predictions about real happenings is an engineering enterprise that makes clever use of a great variety of different kinds of knowledge, with few real derivations in sight anywhere. It takes artful modeling. Orthodoxy would have it that how we do it is not reflective of how Nature does it. It is, rather, a consequence of human epistemic limitations. That, Cartwright argues, is to put our reasoning just back to front. We should read our image of what Nature is like from the way our sciences work when they work best in getting us around in it, non plump for a pre-set image of how Nature must work to derive what an ideal science, freed of human failings, would be like. Putting the order of inference right way around implies that like us, Nature too is an artful modeler. Lecture 1 is an exercise in description. It is a study of the practices of science when the sciences intersect with the world and, then, of what that world is most likely like given the successes of these practices. Millikan's famous oil drop experiment, and the range of knowledge pieced together to make it work, are used to illustrate that events in the world do not occur in patterns that can be properly described in so-called "laws of nature." Nevertheless, they yield to artful modeling. Without a huge leap of faith, that, it seems, is the most we can assume about the happenings in Nature. Lecture 2 is an exercise in metaphysics. How could the arrangements of happenings come to be that way? In answer, Cartwright urges an ontology in which powers act together in different ways depending on the arrangements they find themselves in to produce what happens. It is a metaphysics in which possibilia are real because powers and arrangement are permissive—they constrain but often do not dictate outcomes (as we see in contemporary quantum theory). Lecture 3, based on Cartwright's work on evidence-based policy and randomized controlled trials, is an exercise in the philosophy of social technology: How we can put our knowledge of powers and our skills at artful modeling to work to build more decent societies and how we can use our knowledge and skills to evaluate when our attempts are working. The lectures are important because: They offer an original view on the age-old question of scientific realism in which our knowledge is genuine, yet our scientific principles are neither true nor false but are, rather, templates for building good models. Powers are center-stage in metaphysics right now. Back-reading them from the successes of scientific practice, as Lecture 2 does, provides a new perspective on what they are and how they function. There is a loud call nowadays to make philosophy relevant to "real life." That's just what happens in Lecture 3, where Cartwright applies the lesson of Lectures 1 and 2 to argue for a serious rethink of the way that we are urged—and in some places mandated—to use evidence to predict the outcomes of our social policies.
Modeling Nature
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Author : Sharon E. Kingsland
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1995-10-16
Modeling Nature written by Sharon E. Kingsland and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-10-16 with Science categories.
The first history of population ecology traces two generations of science and scientists from the opening of the twentieth century through 1970. Kingsland chronicles the careers of key figures and the field's theoretical, empirical, and institutional development, with special attention to tensions between the descriptive studies of field biologists and later mathematical models. This second edition includes a new afterword that brings the book up to date, with special attention to the rise of "the new natural history" and debates about ecology's future as a large-scale scientific enterprise.
The Metaphysics Of Laws Of Nature
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Author : Professor of Philosophy Walter Ott
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-07-07
The Metaphysics Of Laws Of Nature written by Professor of Philosophy Walter Ott and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-07 with Metaphysics categories.
It can seem obvious that we live in a world governed by laws of nature, yet it was not until the seventeenth century that the concept of a law came to the fore. Ever since, it has been attended by controversy: what does it mean to say that Boyle's law governs the expansion of a gas, or that the planets obey the law of gravity? Laws are rules that permit calculations and predictions. What does the universe have to be like, if it is to play by them? This book sorts the most prominent answers into three families. Laws first arose in a theological context; they govern events only because God enforces them. Those wishing to reverse the order of explanation, and argue that the powers of objects fix the laws, struggled to claim for themselves the results of new science. The stand-off between these two families bred a third which rejects any kind of enforcer for the laws. On this view, laws summarize events; they do not govern anything. This book traces the fortunes of the three families, from their origins to the present day. It uses objections - and the revisions needed to answer them - to produce the best representative of each. Along the way, it tries to settle the rules of this game, the debate over laws of nature. What should we expect from an account of laws? The book aims to help readers develop their own desiderata and judge the merits of the competing positions.
Nature With Art
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Author : Susie Gwen Criswell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986-01-01
Nature With Art written by Susie Gwen Criswell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-01-01 with Art categories.
Powers Time And Free Will
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Author : Christopher J. Austin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-28
Powers Time And Free Will written by Christopher J. Austin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-28 with Philosophy categories.
This book brings together twelve original contributions by leading scholars on the much-debated issues of what is free will and how can we exercise it in a world governed by laws of nature. Which conception of laws of nature best fits with how we conceive of free will? And which constraints does our conception of the laws of nature place on how we think of free will? The metaphysics of causation and the metaphysics of dispositions are also explored in this edited volume, in relation to whether they may or may not be game-changers in how we think about both free will and the laws of nature. The volume presents the views of a range of international experts on these issues, and aims at providing the reader with novel approaches to a core problem in philosophy. The target audience is composed by academics and scholars who are interested in an original and contemporary approach to these long-debated issues. Chapters [2] and [4] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
A Philosopher Looks At Science
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Author : Nancy Cartwright
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-30
A Philosopher Looks At Science written by Nancy Cartwright and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-30 with History categories.
A fresh, provocative and engaging treatment of what science really amounts to in society, and of what it can do.
Scientific Models And Decision Making
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Author : Eric Winsberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024-02-08
Scientific Models And Decision Making written by Eric Winsberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-08 with Mathematics categories.
This Element introduces the philosophical literature on models, focusing on normative considerations relevant to models for decisionmaking.
Phenomenology Of Bioethics Technoethics And Lived Experience
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Author : Susi Ferrarello
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-05
Phenomenology Of Bioethics Technoethics And Lived Experience written by Susi Ferrarello and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-05 with Philosophy categories.
This book offers a unique description of how phenomenology can help professionals from medical, environmental and social fields to explore notions such as interaffectivity, empathy, epoche, reduction, and intersubjective encounter. Written by a group of top scholars, it uniquely covers the relationship between phenomenology and bioethics, and focuses not only on medical cases, but also on the environment and emerging technologies. This variety of themes, whilst including techno-ethics, environmental ethics, animal ethics, and medical ethics, is conducive to appreciating broadly how phenomenology can improve our quality of our life. Despite its difficult themes, the book appeals to an audience of both academics and professionals who are willing to understand how to increase the quality of care in their professional field. Chapter 8 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Ten Ways To Weave The World Matter Mind And God Volume 2
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Author : Ross Thompson
language : en
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Release Date : 2023-01-25
Ten Ways To Weave The World Matter Mind And God Volume 2 written by Ross Thompson and has been published by Wipf and Stock Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-25 with Philosophy categories.
In this sequel to Outgrowing Materialism, Thompson explores five conceptual "Worlds" that preceded the dualist v. materialist divide and shows why recent philosophy--often little-known outside of academic circles--is now giving these old ideas a new relevance. In an approachable way, but without avoiding complexity, Embodying Mind leads the reader through the Worlds of panpsychism, idealism, Aristotelianism, emergence, and information theory, holism, and process theology, examining the ideas of ethics and God, and the difficult questions, accompanying each. Thompson concludes that causal processes harmonize as in a cosmic counterpoint. The world and its beautiful contents form a seamless material whole. It is not as if Mind or God glints obscurely through ever-narrowing chinks in otherwise seamless nature. There are no chinks, but the whole is full of Mind. Overall, imperfectly, things are moving towards their sustaining good: God is becoming God, surpassing God. Embodying Mind can be read independently from Outgrowing Materialism, but together the two volumes of Ten Ways to Weave the Word mount a robust, wide-ranging case that nobody interested in the science v. religion debate, or wishing more widely for an integrated understanding of "Matter, Mind and God," can afford to ignore.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Theory In Science Technology Engineering And Mathematics
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Author : James Mattingly
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2022-10-28
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Theory In Science Technology Engineering And Mathematics written by James Mattingly and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-28 with Reference categories.
Project Description: Theories are part and parcel of every human activity that involves knowing about the world and our place in it. In all areas of inquiry from the most commonplace to the most scholarly and esoteric, theorizing plays a fundamental role. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics focuses on the ways that various STEM disciplines theorize about their subject matter. How is thinking about the subject organized? What methods are used in moving a novice in given field into the position of a competent student of that subject? Within the pages of this landmark work, readers will learn about the complex decisions that are made when framing a theory, what goes into constructing a powerful theory, why some theories change or fail, how STEM theories reflect socio-historical moments in time and how – at their best – they form the foundations for exploring and unlocking the mysteries of the world around us. Featuring more than 200 authoritative articles written by experts in their respective fields, the encyclopedia includes a Reader’s Guide that organizes entries by broad themes; lists of Further Readings and cross-references that conclude each article; and a Resource Guide listing classic books in the field, leading journals, associations, and key websites.