Neoclassical Economics And The Unity Of Science
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Neoclassical Economics And The Unity Of Science
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Author : Bruce Nevin Shortt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Neoclassical Economics And The Unity Of Science written by Bruce Nevin Shortt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Economics categories.
The Human Project And The Temptations Of Science
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Author : Lansana Keita
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-07-18
The Human Project And The Temptations Of Science written by Lansana Keita and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-18 with Philosophy categories.
On account of the impressive yield of empirical science since the dawn of modern era, theorists of human behavior have sought eagerly to adopt its methodology to explain and predict behavior in the same way that natural science does with respect to natural phenomena. Thus, the positivist principle endorsed the unity of science approach to both the natural and social worlds. Modern social science, in its specific forms of sociology, economics, and so on, confidently embraced the positivist principle. In a short period of time, political economy was transformed into economic science. The goal was to purge the social sciences of their supposedly evaluative content. In due course, the idea of objective scientific truth came to be questioned along with the positivist paradigm. Epistemological relativism à la Kuhn is to be credited with this intellectual shift. But this novel theoretical approach was more easily accommodated by epistemologists of science than scientists themselves. Scientists hardly questioned their methodologies of research and the cognitive field of successful theories. Similarly, in the social sciences, neoclassical economics remained dominant. The neoclassical motto was that economics as science answered only questions of efficiency, not evaluative questions of social justice. The Human Project and the Temptations of Science argues that the model of epistemological unity, at one time embracing positivism, at another time supporting epistemological relativism, is questionable. While empirical science does yield knowledge of the natural world, knowledge of the social world - the world of humans - is necessarily value-laden. Despite the quantitative veneer of neoclassical economics - the dominant paradigm in economics - economic analysis cannot avoid questions of value. The reason is that its foundational concepts, such as rationality and the maximization of expected utility, reflect the necessary value-oriented nature of human behavior. The question posed, then, by The Human Project and the Temptations of Science is what sort of optimal values should humans adopt.
The Unity Of Science And Economics
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Author : Jing Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-06
The Unity Of Science And Economics written by Jing Chen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with Science categories.
This book presents a new economic theory developed from physical and biological principles. It explains how technology, social systems and economic values are intimately related to resources. Many people have recognized that mainstream (neoclassical) economic theories are not consistent with physical laws and often not consistent with empirical patterns, but most feel that economic activities are too complex to be described by a simple and coherent mathematical theory. While social systems are indeed complex, all life systems, including social systems, satisfy two principles. First, all systems need to extract resources from the external environment to compensate for their consumption. Second, for a system to be viable, the amount of resource extraction has to be no less than the level of consumption. From these two principles, we derive a quantitative theory of major factors in economic activities, such as fixed cost, variable cost, discount rate, uncertainty and duration. The mathematical theory enables us to systematically measure the effectiveness of different policies and institutional structures at varying levels of resource abundance and cost.The theory presented in this book shows that there do not exist universally optimal policies or institutional structures. Instead, the impacts of different policies or social structures have to be measured within the context of existing levels of resource abundance. As the physical costs of extracting resources rise steadily, many policy assumptions adopted in mainstream economic theories, and workable in times of cheap and abundant energy supplies and other resources, need to be reconsidered. In this rapidly changing world, the theory presented here provides a solid foundation for examining the long-term impacts of today's policy decisions.
Science Rationality And Neoclassical Economics
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Author : L. D. Keita
language : en
Publisher: University of Delaware Press
Release Date : 1992
Science Rationality And Neoclassical Economics written by L. D. Keita and has been published by University of Delaware Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
This work examines the claim to scienific status made by supporters and practitioners of neoclassical economics. The approach taken is that of the history and philosophy of science. Analysis points to the conclusion that theories of economic choice are necessarily normative, essentially because of the nature of human behavior.
Neoclassical Theory Structure And Theory Development
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Author : B. Hamminga
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Neoclassical Theory Structure And Theory Development written by B. Hamminga and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
There are quite a lot of recent books on the methodology of economics, but all proceed from one or more of the following three fundamental assumptions: 1) Meta-apriorism: it is a priori believed that the results of the philosophy of science of the past decades, associated with the names of Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos, yield conceptual frameworks that can be used to describe the product of the economist's endeavours. 2) Synchronism: it is believed that the inspection of a "theory" of economics, the presentation of some economic belief at a point in time, reveals its logical structure and ipso facto the "method" by which the "theory" is constructed. 3) CreduZity: it is believed that what economists themselves say on their own methods is true, or at least of primary relevance. In this book, I endeavour to show that these assumptions are false. First, the philosophies of science by Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos did not succeed in constructing a conceptual framework capable of describing theory development in economics. Secondly, this can only be seen as soon as not Zogic but history is taken to be the referee judging the adequacy of metatheories (diachronism). Thirdly the results of metaempiricaZ (not-meta-aprioristic), diachronic (not-synchronic) research reveals that even economists themselves turn out frequently to have inadequate metatheories upon which it is dangerous to rely (suspicion instead of credulity) .
Individualism And The Unity Of Science
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Author : Harold Kincaid
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 1997
Individualism And The Unity Of Science written by Harold Kincaid and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Philosophy categories.
In this original and important book, Harold Kincaid defends a view of the special sciences -- all sciences outside physics -- as autonomous and nonreducible. He argues that the biological and social sciences provide explanations that cannot be captured by explanations at the level of their constituent parts, and yet that this does not commit us to mysterious, nonphysical entities like vital forces or group minds. A look at real scientific practice shows that the many different sciences can be unified in a way that leaves them each an autonomous explanatory role. This book will be of great interest to philosophers of science and social scientists.
Neoclassical Theory Structure And Theory Development
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Author : Bert Hamminga
language : en
Publisher: Springer Verlag
Release Date : 1983-01-01
Neoclassical Theory Structure And Theory Development written by Bert Hamminga and has been published by Springer Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The Making Of Neoclassical Economics
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Author : John F. Henry
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-03-02
The Making Of Neoclassical Economics written by John F. Henry and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1990, this unique explanation of the rise of neoclassical economics views social change as an engine promoting change in theory. It attempts to develop a theory of the origins, consolidation and rise to dominance of the neoclassical school of thought. In so doing, it addresses the contest between the labour and utility theories of value; both are placed in historical context, and reasons are offered for the relative success of each in particular historical periods. It is argued that the eventual dominance of neoclassicism, a theory based on the social changes then taking place, resulted not from its scientific superiority but from its non-social perspective which ignores the social order upon which it depends.
Against Mechanism
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Author : Philip Mirowski
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Release Date : 1988
Against Mechanism written by Philip Mirowski and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Business & Economics categories.
...the history of economic theory at its best.-EASTERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL
Neoclassical Economic Theory 1870 To 1930
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Author : Klaus Hennings
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Neoclassical Economic Theory 1870 To 1930 written by Klaus Hennings and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Warren J. Samuels Each book in this series explores the present status of its field in terms of where it is, how it got there, the existing tensions within the field, and something of how the field might develop in the future. Each book presumes that work in each field is neither settled nor unequivocal. Each book attempts to comprehend its field as an evolving, developmental process or set or efforts. This particular book, covering neoclassical economics, is the third of three in the field of the History of Economic Thought. The others are Pre-Classical Economic Thought, edited by S. Todd Lowry, and Classical Political Economy, edited by William O. Thweatt. Each one conducts the same kind of analysis as the others in the series, with the understanding that here we are dealing with the history of interpretation, rather than a substantive body of analysis of a certain aspect of the economy: for example, labor or international trade. (That understanding must be com plex and subtle, inasmuch as revision of interpretation of earlier ideas is part of the process-both cause and consequence-of re-analyzing the economy. ) In this group we are interested in how recent and contemporary writers have interpreted the history of economic thought differently, both among themselves and from earlier writers. 1 NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMIC lHEORY 2 Several topics must be discussed to place such work in perspective, in part as it is here applied to the history of the interpretation of neoclassical economics.