Neural Mechanisms Of Attention And Speech Perception In Complex Spatial Acoustic Environment
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Neural Mechanisms Of Attention And Speech Perception In Complex Spatial Acoustic Environment
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Author : Prachi Patel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Neural Mechanisms Of Attention And Speech Perception In Complex Spatial Acoustic Environment written by Prachi Patel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Furthermore, I show that these features are orthogonal to each other and do not interact. This representation enables successful decoding of both spatial and phonetic information. These findings contribute to defining the functional organization of responses in the human auditory cortex, with implications for more accurate neurophysiological models of spatial speech processing. I take a step further to investigate the role of attention in encoding the direction and phonetic features of speech. I play a mixture of male and female spatialized talkers eg. male at left side to the listener and female at right side (talker's locations switch randomly after each sentence). I ask the listener to follow a given talker e.g. follow male talker as they switch their location after each uttered sentence. While the listener performs this experiment, I collect intracranial EEG data from their auditory cortex. I investigate the bottom-up stimulus dependent and attention independent encoding of such a cocktail party speech and the top-down attention driven role in the encoding of location and speech features.
Neural Mechanisms Of Perceptual Categorization As Precursors To Speech Perception
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Author : Einat Liebenthal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-05-03
Neural Mechanisms Of Perceptual Categorization As Precursors To Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-03 with Electronic book categories.
Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.
Auditory Cognition And Human Performance
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Author : Carryl L. Baldwin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-21
Auditory Cognition And Human Performance written by Carryl L. Baldwin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Hearing and understanding sound- auditory processing- greatly enriches everyday life and enhances our ability to perform many tasks essential to survival. The complex soundscape in which we live influences where we direct our attention, how we communicate with each other, and how we interact with technological systems. Auditory Cognition and Human
The Technology Of Binaural Understanding
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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-12
The Technology Of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-12 with Science categories.
Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.
Development And Neural Bases Of The Spatial Recoding Of Acoustic Pitch
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Author : Irene Fernández Prieto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Development And Neural Bases Of The Spatial Recoding Of Acoustic Pitch written by Irene Fernández Prieto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Our perceptual system tends to associate higher-pitched sounds with upper spatial positions and smaller visual sizes, and lower pitched-sounds with lower positions and bigger visual sizes. This processes, known as crossmodal correspondences or crossmodal associations, emerges consistently and almost universally. The cognitive, developmental and neural mechanisms underlying these crossmodal correspondences were investigated in the present doctoral dissertation. In the present work, I studied how the crossmodal associations between auditory and visuospatial stimuli modulates cognitive processes in infancy and maturity. In addition, I investigated the impairments in auditory processing in population with visuospatial disorders. The presence of crossmodal associations between pitch and spatial elevation are solid in adults (see Spence, 2011), and can be observed in the ability of certain auditory stimuli to modulate visuospatial attention (e.g., rising sounds facilitate the detection of a visual stimuli in upper areas in the external space). However, it seems that higher- pitched sounds or sounds with rising frequencies have higher inherent spatial properties than lower-pitched or falling frequency sounds. These spatial properties of the sound could modulate the perceptual system and facilitate the detection of visual objects in superior positions of the visual field. We found evidence of the existence of crossmodal correspondences between auditory and visuospatial dimensions also in prelinguistic infants, at the age of 6 months. We observed that 4-month-old infants have not developed yet the mechanisms that facilitate audiovisual associations. This pattern of results suggests that the experience with the physical world and/or further maturation is needed to fully develop certain audiovisual crossmodal associations. Finally, in Study 3, I observed that patients with NLD, that show impairments in visuospatial skills, show a deficit in pitch-related tasks. These evidences could suggest that auditory and visuospatial processes share common mechanisms in some stages of the perceptual processing, that is, for example, that the impairment in visuospatial skills could disrupt the auditory processing.
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Medicine categories.
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medicine categories.
Dynamics Of Auditory Reflective Attention In Speech In Noise Perception
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Author : Tsz Man Vanessa Chan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Dynamics Of Auditory Reflective Attention In Speech In Noise Perception written by Tsz Man Vanessa Chan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The ability to listen to speech in noisy environments is supported not only by mechanisms of sound segregation and auditory streaming, but also by higher-order cognitive functions such as semantics, attention, and memory. Major strides have been made to understand how each of these cognitive functions contributes to comprehension of incoming speech signals, leading to the emergence of predictive models of speech comprehension in noise. Whereas most studies have focused on the effects of prior contextual information on speech-in-noise (SIN) processing, less is understood about the mechanisms involved in the effects of subsequent contextual information, in which a noisy signal is followed by context. This dissertation characterizes the involvement of subsequent semantic contextual information across three studies, informed by an auditory attention to memory (AtoM) approach. Study 1 first directly compared the effects of prior and subsequent semantic context on identification of a word in noise, and found that a subsequent cue word that was related to a target word in noise could boost identification of the target, although not as well as presenting it prior to the target. Study 2 built on Study 1 by comparing the neural mechanisms underlying prior and subsequent semantic context using electroencephalography (EEG), with results suggesting different temporal dynamics underlying performance. Finally, Study 3 incorporated multiple words in noise as targets and manipulated the participants' instruction of cue usage, finding dissociable effects of instruction, relatedness among the targets, and relatedness of a subsequent cue to targets. These findings are discussed in the context of models of SIN processing, semantic priming, and AtoM.
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research Pt A Subject Access A H
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Biomedical Index To Phs Supported Research Pt A Subject Access A H written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Medicine categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medicine categories.